Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 97 - 126
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
This
chapter
evaluates
three
closely
related
objections
to
the
empowerment
model,
each
of
which
targets
fact
that,
even
if
governments
were
secure
individuals’
equal
bargaining
power,
many
workers
may
still
be
forced
sell
their
labour
others
make
ends
meet.
The
first
these
focuses
on
illegitimacy
most
workplace
authority;
second
involuntary
nature
employment
contracts;
and
third
emphasizes
subordination
that
endure.
Though
offers
valuable
insights,
concludes
none
lines
reasoning
justifies
abandoning
or
substantially
revising
model.
with
some
remarks
about
appeal
limitations
democracy.
Journal
Article
Corrected
proof
AI
and
policy:
what
makes
different?
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Emilio
Calvano,
Calvano
Università
LUISS,
Einaudi
Institute
for
Economics
Finance,
Rome,
Italy,
Toulouse
School
of
Economics,
CEPR;
European
University
Institute,
Bologna
University,
CEPR
Search
other
works
by
this
author
on:
Oxford
Academic
Google
Scholar
Giacomo
Calzolari
[email
protected]
Economic
Policy,
eiae067,
https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiae067
Published:
11
January
2025
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 252 - 282
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
Because
higher
education
opens
doors
to
more
lucrative
offers
of
employment,
those
who
graduate
from
university
tend
earn
than
their
counterparts
attain
only
a
high
school
education.
Notwithstanding
variations
across
countries,
this
wage
premium
has
increased
spectacularly
over
the
past
forty
years.
This
chapter
starts
with
an
account
why
we
should
worry
about
trend—one
that
emphasizes
threat
it
poses
equality
opportunity.
The
then
considers
and
evaluates
two
strategies
for
combatting
growing
premium,
which
relate
widening
participation
in
improving
economic
prospects
no
argues
support
latter,
elaborates
on
its
implications
funding
vocational
training.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 228 - 251
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
Against
the
social
and
economic
background
of
recent
pandemic
rise
working
from
home
to
which
it
led,
aim
this
chapter
is
explore
answer
following
two
questions.
First,
are
there
compelling
grounds
for
governments
promote
opportunities
employees
work
home?
And
second,
if
so,
how
should
labour
market
policymakers
do
this?
The
chapter’s
conclusion
that
weighty
reasons
increase
availability
home,
and,
in
particular,
they
by
granting
a
legal
right
home.
What
means
policy
terms,
departs
prevailing
arrangements,
complex
issues
explored
further
depth.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2025
Abstract
There’s
a
great
deal
of
anxiety
about
the
current
state
labour
market,
and
especially
employment
opportunities
available
to
members
working-class.
The
post-war
growth
in
wages
has
stagnated
and,
some
places,
reversed.
More
workers
than
ever
are
employed
on
precarious
contracts,
working
shifts
demand
with
no
guarantee
future
employment.
Technology
enabled
greater
surveillance
monitoring
staff,
office
at
home,
during
work
hours
outside
them.
And
though
amount
time
that
individuals
spend
declined
recent
decades,
progress
this
front
been
dishearteningly
slow.
In
constellation
factors,
commentators
see
beginnings
social
crisis.
Others
believe
we’re
already
depths
one.
Given
economic
context,
it’s
hardly
surprising
scholars
increasingly
concerned
appropriate
design
regulation
markets.
Governments
policymakers
require
empirically-
theoretically-informed
guidance
assess
appeal
competing
arrangements,
as
well
determine
justifiability
particular
policy
proposals.
aim
Part
I
book
is
contribute
these
discussions
by
presenting
defending
distinctive
way
theorizing
justice
called
empowerment
model.
II
draw
model
shed
light
ongoing
disputes
unemployment,
four
day
week,
gender
earnings
gap,
from
education
training.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 197 - 227
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
This
chapter
explores
some
normative
questions
relating
to
gender
earnings
gaps—that
is,
the
inequality
in
hourly
and
total
between
men
women.
In
recent
years,
this
gap
has
become
a
socially
politically
urgent
issue,
provoking
widespread
condemnation.
And
while
topic
is
also
being
increasingly
studied
by
empirically-minded
social
scientists,
political
philosophers
have
engaged
with
scholarship
only
minimal
degree.
One
aim
of
map
out
relevant
theoretical
terrain,
emphasizing
moral
importance
fact
that
much
disparity
women
emerges
from
young
parents
strong
incentives
specialize
as
breadwinners
caregivers.
Much
work
exploratory,
reflecting
nascent
state
philosophical
literature.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 67 - 96
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
The
aim
of
the
previous
chapter
was
to
outline
empowerment
model
and
describe
some
its
central
attractions.
this
is
strengthen
my
defence
by
contrasting
it
with
most
serious
competition,
namely
occupational
harms
model.
Proponents
view
claim
that
goal
labour
market
policymaking
should
be
protect
individuals
against
various
unavoidable
harms—that
is,
particular
they
suffer
because
their
need
participate
in
markets.
Accordingly,
when
diagnosing
injustices
markets,
those
drawn
approach
focus
directly
on
specified
workers
endure
as
a
result
having
sell
labour.
Though
there
much
recommend
view,
argues
offers
less
practical
guidance
than
model,
theoretically
attractive
for
reason.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 283 - 284
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
This
brief
chapter
highlights
some
of
the
themes
book,
especially
those
relating
to
automation,
artificial
intelligence,
and
future
work.
It
cautions
against
sensationalist
narratives
these
issues,
instead
emphasizes
need
for
empirically
informed
philosophical
reflection
guide
political
decisions
that
shape
labour
market.
contends
technology
is
a
double-edged
sword
brings
both
threats
opportunities,
affecting
individuals’
lives
in
myriad
ways.
concludes
with
advice
governments,
who
must
be
prepared
make
courageous
choices
protect
workers’
interests
cannot
leave
matters
force
market
alone.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 165 - 196
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
The
aim
of
this
chapter
is
to
contribute
defences
working
time
policies
and,
in
particular,
offer
some
remarks
support
the
justifiability
four-day
work
week.
distinguishes
different
kinds
argument
that
may
be
voiced
by
those
sympathetic
conclusion,
and
considers
several
objections,
including
from
who
condemn
shorter
hours
on
alleged
grounds
will
likely
reduce
economic
output.
In
doing
so,
analysis
sheds
new
light
appeal
stationary
state.
concludes
with
discussion
what
most
attractive
week
comparison
other
improve
access
free
time.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 127 - 164
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
The
aim
of
this
chapter
is
to
shed
light
on
various
disputes
about
the
significance
employment,
and
then,
using
empowerment
model,
draw
out
some
implications
these
commitments
for
labour
market
policymaking,
particularly
in
a
world
artificial
intelligence.
analysis
starts
with
an
account
value
which
serves
as
foundation
defend
policies
whose
purpose
eliminate
involuntary
unemployment.
It
then
defends
line
reasoning
against
critics
who
contend
that
view
fetishizes
work.
includes
more
technical
discussion
whether
it’s
wrong
governments
promote
employment
since
doing
so
unfairly
penalizes
those
who’ve
no
desire
be
employed,
concludes
appeal
basic
income.
