Comparative Analyses of Vertebrate Gut Microbiomes Reveal Convergence between Birds and Bats

mBio, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2020

In this comprehensive survey of microbiomes >900 species, including 315 mammals and 491 birds, we find a striking convergence the birds animals that fly. nonflying mammals, diet short-term evolutionary relatedness drive microbiome, many microbial species are specific to particular kind mammal, but flying break pattern with microbes shared across different little correlation either or hosts. This finding suggests adaptation flight breaks long-held relationships between hosts their microbes.

Язык: Английский

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Applying the core microbiome to understand host–microbe systems

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 89(7), С. 1549 - 1558

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2020

Abstract The host‐associated core microbiome was originally coined to refer common groups of microbes or genes that were likely be particularly important for host biological function. However, the term has evolved encompass variable definitions across studies, often identifying key with respect their spatial distribution, temporal stability ecological influence, as well contribution function and fitness. A major barrier reaching a consensus over how define its relevance biological, evolutionary theory is lack precise terminology associated definitions, persistent association Common, microbiomes can together generate insights into processes act independently function, while functional host‐adapted cores distinguish between facultative near‐obligate symbionts differ in effects on This commentary summarizes five broad have been applied literature, highlighting strengths limitations advancing our understanding host–microbe systems, noting where they are overlap, discussing potential No one definition capture range population. Applied together, reveal different layers microbial organization from which we begin understand govern interactions.

Язык: Английский

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The microbiome extends host evolutionary potential

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2021

Abstract The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating into quantitative genetics can help untangle complexities host-microbiome evolution. We describe two general ways in which may affect potential: by shifting mean phenotype and changing variance population. synthesize literature across diverse taxa discuss these scenarios could shape response to selection. conclude outlining key avenues research improve our understanding complex interplay between hosts microbiomes.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary and Ecological Consequences of Gut Microbial Communities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 50(1), С. 451 - 475

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2019

Animals are distinguished by having guts—organs that must extract nutrients from food yet also bar invasion pathogens. Most guts colonized nonpathogenic microorganisms, but the functions of these microbes, or even reasons why they occur in gut, vary widely among animals. Sometimes microorganisms have codiversified with hosts; sometimes live mostly elsewhere environment. Either way, gut often benefit hosts. Benefits may reflect evolutionary addiction, whereby hosts incorporate into normal developmental processes. But benefits include novel ecological capabilities; for example, many metazoan clades exist virtue communities enabling new dietary niches. immensely their dependence on lacking them entirely to using as obligate development, nutrition, protection. Many consequences can be ascribed microbial community processes and host's ability shape

Язык: Английский

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The Effects of Temperature on Animal Gut Microbiomes

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 10, 2020

Temperature is a prominent abiotic environmental variable that drives the adaptive trajectories of animal lineages and structures composition communities. Global temperature regimes are expected to undergo rapid shifts in next century, yet for many taxa we lack an understanding consequences these predicted populations. In this review, synthesize recent evidence variation shapes function gut microbiomes, key regulators host physiology, with potential population responses climate change. Several studies spanning range taxa, including Chordata, Arthropoda, Mollusca, have reported repeatable associations between community microbiome. several cases, same microbiome been observed across distantly related suggesting existence conserved mechanisms underlying temperature-induced plasticity. Extreme temperatures can disrupt stability alpha-diversity within microbiomes individual hosts generate beta-diversity among Microbiome states resulting from extreme associated, some cases causally linked, both beneficial deleterious effects on phenotypes. We propose routes by which changes may impact fitness, colonization resistance gut, energy nutrient assimilation, life history traits. Cumulatively, available data indicate disruption be mechanism changing will fitness wild-living

Язык: Английский

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Comparative Analysis of Core Microbiome Assignments: Implications for Ecological Synthesis

mSystems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023

The concept of a core microbiome has been broadly used to refer the consistent presence set taxa across multiple samples within given habitat. assignment microbiomes can be performed by several methods based on abundance and occupancy (i.e., detection samples) individual taxa. These approaches have led methodological inconsistencies, with direct implications for ecological interpretation. Here, we reviewed most commonly infer in divergent systems. We applied these using large data sets analyzed simulations determine their accuracy assignments. Our results show that assignments vary significantly types, occupancy-based accurately defining true membership. also found ability capture contingent distribution taxon set. Finally, provide specific recommendations further studies discuss need unifying methodical toward processing advance synthesis. IMPORTANCE Different are assign membership, leading inconsistencies studies. In this study, review compare both simulated empirical data. report inconsistent classifications from methods. Furthermore, demonstrate implication variable may downstream interpretations. Although still lack standardized approach assignments, our study provides direction properly test offers advances model parameterization method choice distinct types.

Язык: Английский

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Host-associated microbiomes drive structure and function of marine ecosystems

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(11), С. e3000533 - e3000533

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2019

The significance of symbioses between eukaryotic hosts and microbes extends from the organismal to ecosystem level underpins health Earth's most threatened marine ecosystems. Despite rapid growth in research on host-associated microbes, individual microbial symbionts consortia significantly relevant taxa, little is known about their interactions with vast majority host species. We outline priorities strengthen our current knowledge host-microbiome how they shape argue that such advances will help predict responses species, communities, ecosystems stressors driven by human activity inform future management strategies.

Язык: Английский

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The study of host–microbiome (co)evolution across levels of selection

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1808), С. 20190604 - 20190604

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2020

Microorganismal diversity can be explained in large part by selection imposed from both the abiotic and biotic environments, including-in case of host-associated microbiomes-interactions with eukaryotes. As such, microbiomes usefully studied across a variety scales: within single host over time, among genotypes population, between populations species. A plethora recent studies these scales diverse systems are: (i) exemplifying importance genetics shaping microbiome composition; (ii) uncovering role key phenotypes; (iii) highlighting dynamic nature microbiome. They have also raised critical question: do complex associations fit our existing understanding evolution coevolution, or often intimate seemingly cross-generational interactions follow novel evolutionary rules those previously identified? Herein, we describe known (co)evolution host-microbiome systems, placing data extant frameworks that been developed decades study, ask whether there are unique properties require paradigm shift. By examining when how act on its as unit (termed, holobiont), find conceptual framework, which focuses individuals, well individuals groups, is generally suited for (co)evolutionary change assemblages. This article theme issue 'The evolution'.

Язык: Английский

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Pathogen resistance may be the principal evolutionary advantage provided by the microbiome

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1808), С. 20190592 - 20190592

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2020

To survive, plants and animals must continually defend against pathogenic microbes that would invade disrupt their tissues. Yet they do not attempt to extirpate all microbes. Instead, tolerate even encourage the growth of commensal microbes, which compete with pathogens for resources via direct inhibition. We argue hosts have evolved cooperate commensals in order enhance pathogen resistance this competition provides. briefly describe between within host, consider how natural selection might favour tilt commensals, examples extant host traits may serve purpose. Finally, we ways cooperative immunity facilitated adaptive evolution non-pathogen-related traits. On basis these observations, vies other commensal-provided benefits being principal evolutionary advantage provided by microbiome lineages across tree life. This article is part theme issue ‘The role evolution’.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of Washing, Waxing and Low-Temperature Storage on the Postharvest Microbiome of Apple

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(6), С. 944 - 944

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2020

There is growing recognition of the role that microbiome plays in health and physiology many plant species. However, considerably less research has been conducted on postharvest produce impact processing may have its composition. Here, amplicon sequencing was used to study effect washing, waxing, low-temperature storage at 2 °C for six months bacterial fungal communities apple calyx-end, stem-end, peel tissues. The results present work reveal tissue-type main factor defining diversity community composition fruit. Both treatments low temperature had a strong these tissue types. Distinct spatial temporal changes microbiota were observed response various management practices. greatest attributed sanitation practices with major differences among unwashed, washed washed-waxed apples. magnitude differences, however, tissue-specific, occurring Temporally, largest shift occurred during first two storage, although fungi more affected by time than bacteria. In general, bacteria impacted equally practices, especially epiphytic microflora This provides foundation understanding potential subsequent effects disease food safety.

Язык: Английский

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