Sea urchin intestinal bacterial communities depend on seaweed diet and contain nitrogen-fixing symbionts

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025

Abstract Kelp deforestation by sea urchin grazing is a widespread phenomenon globally, with vast consequences for coastal ecosystems. The ability of urchins to survive on kelp diet poor nutritional quality not well understood and bacterial communities in the intestine may play an important role digestion. A no-choice feeding experiment was conducted Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, offering three different seaweeds as diet, including Saccharina latissima. Starved served experimental control. Amplicons 16S rRNA gene were analyzed from fecal pellets. One dominant symbiont (Psychromonas marina) accounted 44% all sequence reads especially abundant fed seaweed diets. starved field captured consistently displayed higher diversity than seaweed-fed urchins. Cloning sequencing nifH revealed diverse nitrogen fixers. We demonstrate that intestinal microbiome dynamic, are plastic depending have capacity fixation. This reflects dietary flexibility these urchins, their microbiota could be key component understanding catastrophic forest events.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers, Diversity, and Functions of the Solitary-Bee Microbiota

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 27(12), С. 1034 - 1044

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of animal immunity in the light of beneficial symbioses

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1808), С. 20190601 - 20190601

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2020

Immune system processes serve as the backbone of animal defences against pathogens and thus have evolved under strong selection coevolutionary dynamics. Most microorganisms that animals encounter, however, are not harmful, many actually beneficial. Selection should act on hosts to maintain these associations while preventing exploitation within-host resources. Here, we consider how several key aspects beneficial symbiotic may shape host immune evolution. When immunity is used regulate symbiont populations, there be evolve targeted responses recognize symbionts suppress but eliminate populations. Associating with protective could relax maintenance redundant host-derived responses. Alternatively, facilitate evolution if symbiont-conferred protection allows for persistence populations can then adapt. The trajectory will likely differ based type involved, transmission mode costs benefits function. Overall, expected influence symbiosis depends interacts symbionts, some interactions leading constraints others possibly maintenance. This article part theme issue 'The role microbiome in evolution'.

Язык: Английский

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Freshwater zooplankton microbiome composition is highly flexible and strongly influenced by the environment

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(6), С. 1545 - 1558

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2021

Abstract The association with microbes in plants and animals is known to be beneficial for host's survival fitness, but the generality of effect microbiome still debated. For some animals, similarities composition reflect taxonomic relatedness hosts, a pattern termed phylosymbiosis. mechanisms behind could due co‐evolution and/or correlated ecological constraints. General conclusions are hampered by fact that available knowledge highly dominated microbiomes from model species. Here, we addressed issue phylosymbiosis analysing species‐specificity across different species freshwater zooplankton, including rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, coupling field surveys experimental manipulations. We found no signal was present, proportion “core” microbial taxa, stable consistent within each species, very low. Changes food temperature under laboratory settings revealed zooplankton flexible can influenced external environment. Thus, role co‐evolution, strict association, interaction holobiont concept highlighted vertebrates, corals, sponges, other does not seem supported all at least zooplankton. Zooplankton floats environment where both bacteria provide help digesting such available. In addition, there probably redundancy bacterial functions environment, allowing host‐microbiome originate persist.

Язык: Английский

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Poor Unstable Midgut Microbiome of Hard Ticks Contrasts With Abundant and Stable Monospecific Microbiome in Ovaries

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10

Опубликована: Май 8, 2020

Culture-independent metagenomic methodologies have enabled detection and identification of microorganisms in various biological systems often revealed complex unknown microbiomes. In many organisms, the microbiome outnumbers host cells greatly affects biology fitness. Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites with a wide range. They vector number human animal pathogens also directly cause major economic losses livestock. Although several reports on tick midgut microbiota show diverse bacterial community, most cases size population has not been determined. this study, was quantified ovaries ticks Ixodes ricinus Rhipicephalus microplus before, during, after blood feeding. community fluctuated feeding, it overall extremely low comparison to that other arthropods. addition, ovarian both species exceeded 16S rDNA copy numbers by orders magnitude. This indicates ratio midgut/ovary represents an exception general metazoans. addition very abundance, diversity I. variable is contrast found ovary. The ovary had high stable abundance dominant endosymbiont, Midichloria sp. elucidation aspect highlights unique tissue-specific microbial-invertebrate interaction.

Язык: Английский

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