Variable organization of symbiont-containing tissue across planthoppers hosting different heritable endosymbionts

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Sap-feeding hemipteran insects live in associations with diverse heritable symbiotic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that provide essential nutrients deficient their hosts' diets. These symbionts typically reside highly specialized organs called bacteriomes (with bacterial symbionts) or mycetomes fungal symbionts). The organization of these varies between insect clades are ancestrally associated different microbes. As symbioses evolve additional complement replace the ancient associates, symbiont-containing tissue becomes even more variable. Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) Sulcia Vidania, but many planthopper lineages, now accompanied have been replaced by other bacteria (e.g., Sodalis, Arsenophonus, Purcelliella) fungi. We know identity microbes, symbiont distribution within host tissues bacteriome not systematically studied using modern microscopy techniques. Here, we combine light, fluorescence, transmission electron phylogenomic data to compare distributions across planthoppers representing 15 families. identify describe seven primary types localization bacteriome. show when present, usually occupy distinct distributed body cavity. recently acquired gammaproteobacterial generally separate groups cells organized into mycetomes, from those Vidania. They can also be localized cytoplasm fat cells. Alphaproteobacterial colonize a wider range habitats: Asaia-like often gut lumen, whereas Wolbachia Rickettsia scattered cell types, including containing symbionts, sheath, cells, epithelium, as well hemolymph. However, there exceptions, Gammaproteobacteria share Alphaproteobacteria discuss how correlates acquisition replacement patterns symbionts' likely functions. evolutionary consequences, constraints, significance findings.

Язык: Английский

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Higher classification of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) inferred from molecular phylogeny and their endosymbionts

Systematic Entomology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 47(2), С. 354 - 370

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2022

Abstract Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae, Rhizoecidae and Xenococcidae) are important organisms for understanding processes of evolution, especially microbial symbiotic systems interactions with host plants. Molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed 128 species mealybug using DNA fragments eight loci, namely a mitochondrial ( COI ), nuclear ribosomal RNA 18S 28S D2 D10 ) protein‐encoding genes EF‐1α 5′ 3′ , Dynamin wingless ). In addition, data on the types obligate endosymbionts used to test monophyly major groups resulting from this molecular phylogeny. Based sequences, morphology endosymbionts, we present phylogeny supporting families Xenococcidae separate separation Rastrococcus Ferris Phenacoccinae Pseudococcinae. Consequently, is excluded elevated subfamily Rastrococcinae subfam. nov. We also found support Putoidae as family distinct true mealybugs. Phenacoccus rubicola Kwon, Danzig & Park transferred Coccura Šulc.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation and genomic erosion in fragmented Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in the sinuses of people with cystic fibrosis

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 37(3), С. 109829 - 109829

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa notoriously adapts to the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet how infection-site biogeography and associated evolutionary processes vary as lifelong infections progress remains unclear. Here we test hypothesis that early adaptations promoting aggregation influence evolutionary-genetic trajectories by examining longitudinal P. from sinuses six adults CF. Highly host-adapted lineages harbored mutator genotypes displaying signatures genome degradation recent host restriction. Using an advanced imaging technique (MiPACT-HCR [microbial identification after passive clarity technique]), find population structure tracks degradation, most host-adapted, genome-degraded (the mutators) residing in small, sparse aggregates. We propose following initial adaptive evolution larger populations under strong selection for aggregation, persists fragmented experience stronger effects genetic drift. These conditions enrich mutators promote degenerative evolution. Our findings underscore importance pathogen

Язык: Английский

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Exposure to Trypanosoma parasites induces changes in the microbiome of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2022

Abstract Background The causative agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi , and its nonpathogenic relative, rangeli are transmitted by haematophagous triatomines undergo a crucial ontogenetic phase in the insect’s intestine. In process, parasites interfere with host immune system as well microbiome present digestive tract potentially establishing an environment advantageous for development. However, coherent interactions between host, pathogen microbiota have not yet been elucidated detail. We applied metagenome shotgun sequencing approach to study alterations Rhodnius prolixus major vector after exposure T. focusing also on functional capacities intestinal insect. Results R. was dominated bacterial orders Enterobacterales Corynebacteriales Lactobacillales Clostridiales Chlamydiales whereas latter conceivably originated from blood used exposure. anterior posterior midgut samples exposed insects showed reduced overall number organisms compared control group. we found enriched groups T . While relative abundance decreased considerably, mainly composed genus Enterococcus developed most abundant taxonomic This applies particular vectors challenged at early timepoints Furthermore, were able reconstruct four metagenome-assembled genomes elucidate their unique metabolic functionalities within triatomine microbiome, including genome recently described insect symbiont, Candidatus Symbiopectobacterium secondary metabolites producing bacteria Kocuria spp. Conclusions Our results facilitate deeper understanding processes that take place during colonisation trypanosomal highlight influential aspects pathogen-microbiota interactions. particular, mostly unexplored vector’s clearer, underlining role transmission disease.

Язык: Английский

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PacBio Hi-Fi genome assembly of Sipha maydis, a model for the study of multipartite mutualism in insects

Scientific Data, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Май 4, 2024

Abstract Dependence on multiple nutritional endosymbionts has evolved repeatedly in insects feeding unbalanced diets. However, reference genomes for species hosting multi-symbiotic systems are lacking, even though they essential deciphering the processes governing cooperative life between and anatomically integrated symbionts. The cereal aphid Sipha maydis is a promising model addressing these issues, as it dependence two bacterial that complement each other. In this study, we used PacBio High fidelity (HiFi) long-read sequencing to generate highly contiguous genome assembly of S. with length 410 Mb, 3,570 contigs contig N50 187 kb, BUSCO completeness 95.5%. We identified 117 Mb repetitive sequences, accounting 29% assembly, predicted 24,453 protein-coding genes, which 2,541 were enzymes included an metabolic network aphid-associated endosymbionts. These resources provide valuable genetic information understanding evolution functioning insects.

Язык: Английский

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The B Chromosome of Pseudococcus viburni: A Selfish Chromosome that Exploits Whole-Genome Meiotic Drive

Genome Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract Meiosis is generally a fair process: each chromosome has 50% chance of being included into gamete. However, meiosis can become aberrant with some chromosomes having higher making it gametes than others. Yet, why and how such systems evolve remains unclear. Here, we study the unusual reproductive genetics mealybugs, where only maternal-origin are in during male meiosis, while paternal eliminated. One species—Pseudococcus viburni—has segregating B that drives by escaping genome elimination. We present whole gene expression data from lines without chromosomes. identify B-linked sequences including 204 protein-coding genes satellite repeat makes up significant proportion chromosome. The few paralogs between core distributed throughout genome, arguing against simple, or at least recent, chromosomal duplication one autosomes to create B. do, however, find 373 kb region containing 146 appears be recent translocation. Finally, show many expressed most these encoded on recently translocated region. Only small number B-exclusive meiosis. Of these, was overexpressed which when drive occurs: an acetyltransferase involved H3K56Ac, putative role is, therefore, promising candidate for further studies.

Язык: Английский

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Describing endosymbiont–host interactions within the parasitism–mutualism continuum

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Endosymbionts are widespread in arthropods, living host cells with effects that extend from parasitic to mutualistic. Newly acquired endosymbionts tend be parasitic, but vertical transmission favors coevolution toward mutualism, hosts sometimes developing dependency. negatively affecting fitness may still spread by impacting reproductive traits, referred as “manipulation,” although costs for often assumed rather than demonstrated. For cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) involves endosymbiont‐mediated embryo death, theory predicts directional shifts away “manipulation” reduced CI strength; moreover, CI‐causing need increase initially spread. In nature, endosymbiont–host interactions and dynamics complex, depending on environmental conditions evolutionary history. We advocate capturing this complexity through appropriate datasets, relying terms like “manipulation.” Such imprecision can lead the misclassification of along parasitism–mutualism continuum.

Язык: Английский

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Nutrient supplementation by genome-eroded Burkholderia symbionts of scale insects

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(12), С. 2221 - 2231

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2023

Abstract Hemipterans are known as hosts to bacterial or fungal symbionts that supplement their unbalanced diet with essential nutrients. Among them, scale insects (Coccomorpha) characterized by a particularly large diversity of symbiotic systems. Here, using microscopic and genomic approaches, we functionally the two belonging Eriococcidae family, Acanthococcus aceris Gossyparia spuria. These species host Burkholderia bacteria localized in cytoplasm fat body cells. Metagenome sequencing revealed very similar highly reduced genomes (<900KBp) low GC content (~38%), making them smallest most AT-biased yet sequenced. In eroded genomes, both retain biosynthetic pathways for amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, lysine, arginine, histidine, phenylalanine, precursors semi-essential acid tyrosine, well cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase MetH. A tryptophan biosynthesis pathway is conserved symbiont G. spuria, but appeared pseudogenized A. aceris, suggesting differential availability species’ diets. addition biosynthesis, maintain multiple cofactors, including riboflavin, cobalamin, thiamine, folate. The localization genome traits indicate symbiosis between eriococcids younger than other hemipteran symbioses, convergent. Our results add emerging picture dynamic replacements sap-sucking Hemiptera highlight widespread versatile intra- extracellular animals, plants, fungi.

Язык: Английский

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The genus Sodalis as a resource for understanding the multifaceted evolution of bacterial symbiosis in insects

Symbiosis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 92(2), С. 187 - 208

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Retention of an Endosymbiont for the Production of a Single Molecule

Genome Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Sap-feeding insects often maintain two or more nutritional endosymbionts that act in concert to produce compounds essential for insect survival. Many mealybugs have a nested configuration: one bacterial species reside within the cytoplasm of another bacterium, and together, these bacteria genomes encode interdependent sets genes needed key molecules. Here, we show mealybug Pseudococcus viburni has three endosymbionts, which contributes only unique host nutrition-related molecule chorismate. All tiny genomes, suggesting they been coevolving inside their millions years.

Язык: Английский

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