The ecological and genomic basis of explosive adaptive radiation

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 586(7827), С. 75 - 79

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 96(1), С. 16 - 51

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2020

ABSTRACT Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems. Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution diversification this biodiversity. During last two decades, around 90 dated molecular phylogenies different clades across animals plants been published leading increased understanding speciation processes generating tropical African In parallel, extended palaeoclimatic records together with detailed numerical simulations refined our past changes Africa. To date, these important advances not reviewed within common framework. Here, we critically review synthesize climate, tectonics terrestrial throughout Cenozoic mid‐Pleistocene, drawing on recent Earth life sciences. We first six major geo‐climatic periods defining by synthesizing 89 phylogeny studies. Two factors impacting sub‐Saharan biota are highlighted. First, underwent numerous fluctuations at ancient more timescales, tectonic, greenhouse gas, orbital forcing stimulating diversification. Second, aridification since Late Eocene led extinction events, but also provided unique opportunities shaping current landscape. then studies animal plant discuss three models speciation: ( i ) geographic via vicariance (allopatry); ii ecological climate changes, iii genomic genome duplication. Geographic has most widely documented date model conclude four challenges faced research: increase knowledge gathering basic fundamental information; improve modelling geophysical better constraints downscaling approaches; precision phylogenetic reconstruction dating using next generation sequencing approaches fossil calibrations; iv finally, as done here, integrate data from sciences focusing interdisciplinary study wider geodiversity context.

Язык: Английский

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Cycles of fusion and fission enabled rapid parallel adaptive radiations in African cichlids

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 381(6665)

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Although some lineages of animals and plants have made impressive adaptive radiations when provided with ecological opportunity, the propensities to radiate vary profoundly among for unknown reasons. In Africa's Lake Victoria region, one cichlid lineage radiated in every lake, largest radiation taking place a lake less than 16,000 years old. We show that all its guilds evolved situ. Cycles fusion through admixture fission speciation characterize history radiation. It was jump-started several swamp-dwelling refugial populations, each which were older hybrid descent, met newly forming where they fused into single population, resuspending old variation. Each population contributed different set ancient alleles from new assembled record time, involving additional fusion-fission cycles. argue repeated cycles make fast predictable.

Язык: Английский

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Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 95(6), С. 1855 - 1872

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories which to develop and address general questions geology, ecology, biogeography, evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into principles. contemporary era big data, modelling tools, revolutionary advances genetics (meta)genomics provides an opportunity revisit unresolved challenges, well examine promising new avenues research Accordingly, we have developed roadmap guide future endeavours biology adapting well‐established methodology ‘horizon scanning’ identify highest priority across six subject areas. Based on expert opinion 30 scientists from around globe with complementary expertise different academic ages, assembled initial list 258 fundamental concentrating macroecology microbial adaptation, evolution, conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 biologists various backgrounds assisted us reducing our 50 top‐priority questions. These broad scope ready be addressed next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate towards deeper understanding foster hypothesis‐driven likely resonate broadly traditional boundaries field.

Язык: Английский

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Climate Change, Weather, Housing Precarity, and Homelessness: A Systematic Review of Reviews

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(11), С. 5812 - 5812

Опубликована: Май 28, 2021

This systematic review of reviews was conducted to examine housing precarity and homelessness in relation climate change weather extremes internationally. In a thematic analysis 15 (5 10 non-systematic), the following themes emerged: risk factors for homelessness/housing precarity, temperature extremes, health concerns, structural factors, natural disasters, housing. First, an increased has been found people who are vulnerably housed populations lower socio-economic positions due energy insecurity change-induced hazards. Second, homeless/vulnerably-housed disproportionately exposed climatic events (temperature disasters). Third, physical mental is projected be impacted by change. Fourth, while green infrastructure may have positive effects populations, remains major concern urban environments. Finally, changes must implemented. Recommendations addressing impact on were generated, including interventions focusing reducing improved planning, further research To enhance these initiatives, we suggest employing Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA).

Язык: Английский

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A vertebrate adaptive radiation is assembled from an ancient and disjunct spatiotemporal landscape

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(20)

Опубликована: Май 14, 2021

To investigate the origins and stages of vertebrate adaptive radiation, we reconstructed spatial temporal histories alleles underlying major phenotypic axes diversification from genomes 202 Caribbean pupfishes. On a single Bahamian island, ancient standing variation disjunct geographic sources was reassembled into new combinations under strong directional selection for adaptation to novel trophic niches scale-eating molluscivory. We found evidence two longstanding hypotheses radiation: hybrid swarm adaptation. Using combination population genomics, transcriptomics, genome-wide association mapping, demonstrate that this microendemic radiation specialists on San Salvador Island, Bahamas experienced twice as much introgression generalist populations neighboring islands divergence occurred in stages. First, regulatory genes associated with feeding behavior (

Язык: Английский

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Rapid adaptive radiation of Darwin’s finches depends on ancestral genetic modules

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(27)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

Recent adaptive radiations are models for investigating mechanisms contributing to the evolution of biodiversity. An unresolved question is relative importance new mutations, ancestral variants, and introgressive hybridization phenotypic speciation. Here, we address this issue using Darwin’s finches investigate genomic architecture underlying their diversity. Admixture mapping beak body size in small, medium, large ground revealed 28 loci showing strong genetic differentiation. These represent haplotype blocks with origins predating speciation events during finch radiation. Genes expressed developing overrepresented these regions. Ancestral haplotypes constitute modules selection act as key determinants unusual diversity finches. Such can be critical how species adapt environmental variability change.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic architecture of adaptive radiation and hybridization in Alpine whitefish

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2022

Adaptive radiations represent some of the most remarkable explosions diversification across tree life. However, constraints to rapid and how they are sometimes overcome, particularly relative roles genetic architecture hybridization, remain unclear. Here, we address these questions in Alpine whitefish radiation, using a whole-genome dataset that includes multiple individuals each 22 species belonging six ecologically distinct ecomorph classes several lake-systems. We reveal repeated ecological morphological along common environmental axis is associated with both genome-wide allele frequency shifts specific, larger effect, locus, gene edar. Additionally, highlight possible role introgression between from different lake-systems facilitating evolution persistence unique trait combinations ecology. These results importance genome secondary contact hybridization fuelling adaptive radiation.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary genomics of oceanic island radiations

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(7), С. 631 - 642

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Island Biogeography

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

Abstract Island Biogeography: Geo-environmental Dynamics, Ecology, Evolution, Human Impact, and Conservation provides a synthetic review covering islands as model systems in the life sciences. It is centred on study of geographical distribution biodiversity how it changes through time, understood medium island biotas ecosystems. comprises four parts devoted turn to: environments; ecology; evolution; human impact conservation. describes origins dynamics different types key characteristics environments that shape their biotic characteristics. identifies theories ecology reviews progress towards evaluation development. sets out essential building blocks evolution emergent patterns insular endemism evolutionary syndromes animals plants. geo-environmental are crucial relevance to understanding developing improved explanatory predictive models ecological dynamics. application theory fragmented spread societies across world these subsequent colonization events environments, biotas, sustainability islands. evidence anthropogenic extinction islands, identifying drivers threats existing native species ecosystems, ways which may make particularly vulnerable certain external influences. considers distinctive conservation challenges solutions be effective

Язык: Английский

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