Recent Scientific Advancements towards a Vaccine against Group A Streptococcus
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(3), С. 272 - 272
Опубликована: Март 5, 2024
Group
A
Streptococcus
(GAS),
or
pyogenes,
is
a
gram-positive
bacterium
that
extensively
colonises
within
the
human
host.
GAS
responsible
for
causing
range
of
infections,
such
as
pharyngitis,
impetigo,
scarlet
fever,
septicemia,
and
necrotising
fasciitis.
pathogens
have
potential
to
elicit
fatal
autoimmune
sequelae
diseases
(including
rheumatic
fever
heart
diseases)
due
recurrent
leading
high
morbidity
mortality
young
children
elderly
worldwide.
Antibiotic
drugs
are
primary
method
controlling
treating
early
stages
infection;
however,
recent
identification
clinical
isolates
with
reduced
sensitivity
penicillin-adjunctive
antibiotics
increasing
macrolide
resistance
an
threat.
Vaccination
credited
most
successful
medical
intervention
against
infectious
since
it
was
discovered
by
Edward
Jenner
in
1796.
Immunisation
inactive/live-attenuated
whole
pathogen
selective
pathogen-derived
antigens
induces
potent
adaptive
immunity
protection
diseases.
Although
no
vaccines
been
approved
market
following
more
than
100
years
vaccine
development,
understanding
pathogenesis
transmission
has
significantly
increased,
providing
detailed
insight
into
pathogenic
proteins,
enhancing
design.
This
review
highlights
advances
data
from
preclinical
studies
across
globe
candidates.
Furthermore,
challenges
future
perspectives
on
development
also
described.
Язык: Английский
Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infection in Children, 1992-2023
JAMA Network Open,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
8(4), С. e252861 - e252861
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
The
resurgence
of
invasive
group
A
streptococcal
(iGAS)
infections
and
progress
in
GAS
vaccine
development
emphasize
the
importance
understanding
current
trends
epidemiology
iGAS.
To
describe
pediatric
iGAS
over
a
32-year
period.
This
case
series
uses
population-based
surveillance
data
for
Toronto
Peel
Region,
Canada,
including
emm
typing
from
Canada's
National
Microbiology
Laboratory
population
Statistics
Canada.
All
children
(age
<18
years)
with
January
1,
1992,
to
December
31,
2023,
were
included.
Data
analyzed
July
15,
September
2024.
Outcomes
interest
disease
incidence
time
by
age;
variation
clinical
presentation,
severity,
outcomes
infecting
types;
antimicrobial
resistance.
Overall,
498
cases
(300
[60.2%]
male;
median
[IQR]
age,
5.1
[2.7-8.6]
occurred,
151
(30.7%)
comorbidities.
most
common
presentations
soft
tissue
infection
(140
[28.1%])
bacteremia
without
focus
(131
[26.3%]).
increased
1.8
events
per
100
000
year
1992
2011
2.4
2012
2019
(incidence
rate
ratio,
1.3
[95%
CI,
1.1-1.6]),
increase
occurring
respiratory
tract.
Incidence
declined
1.2
2020
0.5
2021
before
increasing
6.0
2023.
In
2022
18
56
(32.0%)
had
viral
coinfection.
Varicella-associated
23
137
(16.8%)
2001
2
223
(0.9%)
2023
(P
<
.001),
after
routine
varicella
vaccination
implementation
2004.
Streptococcal
toxic
shock
syndrome
occurred
29
(5.8%),
necrotizing
fasciitis
12
(2.4%);
10
(2.0%)
died.
types
emm1
(182
471
isolates
[38.6%]),
emm12
(75
[15.9%]),
emm4
(31
[6.6%]).
M1UK
subtype
was
first
identified
comprised
32
46
(70.0%)
Compared
other
types,
more
likely
be
associated
pneumonia
(odds
ratio
[OR],
1.99
1.16-3.40]),
bone
joint
(OR,
1.70
1.08-2.68]),
intensive
care
unit
admission
1.67
1.03-2.68]);
6.10
2.83-13.16]).
437
(92.8%)
included
30-valent
vaccine.
found
that
south-central
Ontario
prior
COVID-19
pandemic
association
Respiratory
coinfections
common.
Different
differing
severity.
Язык: Английский
Are Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections Preventable by Antibiotic Therapy?: A Collaborative Retrospective Study
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(10), С. 931 - 935
Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024
In
winter
2022/2023,
a
resurgence
of
invasive
group
A
streptococcal
(iGAS)
infections
in
children
was
observed
Europe,
including
Germany
and
Switzerland.
While
simultaneous
increase
consultations
for
scarlet
fever
pharyngitis
reported
England,
leading
to
the
recommendation
treat
any
suspected
GAS
disease
with
antibiotics,
guidelines
Switzerland
remained
unchanged.
We
aimed
investigate
whether
this
policy
appropriate.
Язык: Английский
Increased Incidence and Severity of Group A Streptococcal Infections in Children in Southeast Texas From June 2022 to May 2023
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
44(2), С. 118 - 124
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Background:
Group
A
Streptococcus
(GAS)
infections
can
cause
a
range
of
disease
manifestations
and
severity,
including
invasive
that
lead
to
death.
In
2022–2023,
there
was
an
increased
number
cases
GAS
in
the
United
States
following
decline
2020–2022.
Methods:
We
investigated
this
surge
at
3-hospital
system
children’s
hospitals
Southeast
Texas.
Cases
(n
=
252)
were
retrospectively
reviewed
from
peak
periods
infection,
beginning
June
2019–May
2020
continuing
each
successive
year
until
May
2023.
analyzed
based
on
patient
demographics,
manifestations,
coinfections,
hospital
course.
Isolates
grown
culture
sequenced,
emm
types
genes
associated
with
virulence
analyzed.
Results:
Compared
previous
years,
2022–May
2023
had
largest
154,
2022–2023;
34,
2021–2022;
12,
2020–2021;
52,
2019–2020).
3
patients
2022
more
likely
present
complicated
pneumonia
(23.4%
vs.
7.1%;
P
0.0009),
require
respiratory
support
(34.4%
14.3%;
<
0.001),
be
admitted
intensive
care
unit
(29.2%
16.3;
0.0235),
infected
type
12
isolates
(40.6%
10.3%;
0.0030).
Conclusions:
2023,
5-fold
infection
children
Texas
Children’s
Hospital
compared
years.
These
required
greater
hospitalization
requirements
due
higher
rates
pneumonia.
Язык: Английский
Genomic epidemiology of dominant lineages of Streptococcus pyogenes emm types between 1993-2020, in China
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
Abstract
Streptococcus
pyogenes
infections
such
as
scarlet
fever
have
increased
in
China
since
2011.
The
genomic
drivers
of
this
increase
are
not
known.
temporal
clonal
shifts
within
dominant
emm12
and
emm1
populations
unknown
due
to
limited
sampling.
Based
on
a
large
longitudinal
strain
collection,
we
aimed
describe
the
molecular
epidemiological
characteristics
population
structure
S.
pyogenesemm
types
circulating
between
1993–2020.Here,
analyzed
genomes
945
isolates
encompassing
1993–2020.
data
was
integrated
with
national
notifications
same
period.
bacterial
features
were
characterize
dynamics
lineages
during
We
found
there
five
incidence
peaks
1993–2020
pyogenes
emm12
being
genotypes.
two
genotypes
driving
evolved
independently
global
epidemic
lineages.
Four
clades
evident
prior
2011,
single
clade
replacing
other
by
2020.
One
(termed
M1
china)
represents
>
98%
clinical
cases
1980s,
diverged
into
three
subclades
that
can
be
clearly
distinguished
from
Compared
strains
1990s,
selection
expansion
sub-clades
coincides
high
carriage
drug
resistance
genes
for
macrolides
virulence-encoding
prophage.
ongoing
multi-drug
resistant
mobile
elements
prophage
both
underlie
resurgence
2011
China.
first
detection
genotype
M1
UK
isolate
2018
warrants
additional
enhanced
surveillance.
Язык: Английский
Complicated pneumonia caused by group A Streptococcus in children - 2022/2023 infectious season outbreak and update on clinical characteristics
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(10), С. 1047 - 1053
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024
Язык: Английский
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Open Forum Infectious Diseases,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(10)
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024
Abstract
Background
Necrotizing
soft
tissue
infections
(NSTIs)
are
often
caused
by
group
A
Streptococcus
(GAS).
As
the
number
of
invasive
GAS
decreased
during
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
restrictions,
this
study
aimed
to
compare
occurrence
GAS-NSTIs
before,
during,
and
after
COVID-19
restrictions.
Methods
This
retrospective
cohort
included
adult
patients
with
NSTIs
admitted
intensive
care
unit
(ICU)
University
Hospital
Zurich,
Switzerland,
from
July
2008
December
2023.
NSTI
cases
were
categorized
as
pre-,
postrestrictions.
The
primary
outcome
was
proportion
in
NSTI,
exploratory
secondary
in-hospital
death.
data
analysis
conducted
using
Firth
logistic
regression
adjusted
for
age,
sex,
diabetes,
initially
affected
body
region.
Results
Overall,
74
identified,
49
occurring
8
17
isolated
27
(36%)
cases,
(35%)
pre-
10
(59%)
postrestrictions,
but
none
other
bacteria
persisted
odds
significantly
lower
restrictions
(adjusted
ratio,
0.02;
95%
CI,
0.001–0.81)
compared
after,
while
no
significant
differences
found
between
postrestriction
periods.
Conclusions
decrease
suggests
that
isolation
measures
may
have
prevented
transmission
GAS,
resulting
a
decline
transmitted
alternative
routes
persisted.
Язык: Английский
Group A Streptococcus Infections in Children: Epidemiological Insights Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(11), С. 1007 - 1007
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
Group
A
streptococcus
(GAS)
is
the
cause
of
both
mild
and
invasive
infections
in
humans
with
a
high
morbidity
mortality
rate.
The
transmission
disease
usually
occurs
via
droplets,
so
implementation
infection
mitigation
strategies
(IMS)
during
COVID-19
pandemic
altered
incidence
GAS
infection.
This
review
aims
to
provide
an
overview
influence
on
children
(invasive
or
non-invasive).
surge
was
noted
December
2022
after
reversal
IMS.
global
uprise
non-invasive)
noted,
especially
concerning
pediatric
population.
Children
younger
than
5
years
old
were
mostly
affected,
complicated
pneumonia
being
leading
clinical
manifestation,
causing
many
deaths
worldwide.
Язык: Английский
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes: A Five-Year Retrospective Study
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(12), С. 2403 - 2403
Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2024
The
SARS-CoV-2
pandemic
significantly
affected
the
epidemiology
of
Язык: Английский
Has COVID-19 Affected the Course of Chickenpox in Children?
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(12), С. 1912 - 1912
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2024
Objectives
of
the
study:
The
aim
this
study
was
to
assess
impact
COVID-19
pandemic
on
epidemiology
and
clinical
course
chickenpox
in
children
based
6
years
self-reported
observations.
MATERIAL
AND
METHODS:
medical
records
350
patients
under
18
age
hospitalised
Department
Paediatrics,
Infectious
Diseases,
Hepatology
between
1
January
2018
31
December
2023
were
analysed
retrospectively.
RESULTS:
During
period,
due
chickenpox,
fewest
greatest
number
2023.
Complications
diagnosed
297
(84.86%).
most
commonly
complications
bacterial
dermatitis
(168,
48%)
lower
respiratory
tract
infections
(13.42%).
After
a
generalised
inflammatory
reaction
observed
significantly
more
often
(p
≤
0.01069).
Among
2023,
5.90%
with
required
surgical
intervention
skin
abscess
or
fasciitis.
In
41.46%
cultures
from
swabs
taken
lesions
grew
Streptococcus
pyogenes.
pandemic,
gastrointestinal
symptoms
less
frequently
0.00001).
CONCLUSIONS:
post-pandemic
there
hospitalisations
complicated
by
infection
progressing
septicaemia,
related
increase
invasive
group
A
streptococcal
Europe.
On
other
hand,
thanks
widespread
adaption
hygiene
practices
prevention
measures,
decreased.
Язык: Английский