Evolutionary psychiatry: foundations, progress and challenges

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(2), С. 177 - 202

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Evolutionary biology provides a crucial foundation for medicine and behavioral science that has been missing from psychiatry. Its absence helps to explain slow progress; its advent promises major advances. Instead of offering new kind treatment, evolutionary psychiatry scientific useful all kinds treatment. It expands the search causes mechanistic explanations disease in some individuals traits make members species vulnerable disease. For instance, capacities symptoms such as pain, cough, anxiety low mood are universal because they certain situations. Failing recognize utility is at root many problems Determining if an emotion normal it requires understanding individual's life situation. Conducting review social systems, parallel systems rest medicine, can help achieve understanding. Coping with substance abuse advanced by acknowledging how substances available modern environments hijack chemically mediated learning mechanisms. Understanding why eating spirals out control aided recognizing motivations caloric restriction arouses famine protection mechanisms induce binge eating. Finally, explaining persistence alleles cause serious mental disorders intrinsically failure. The thrill finding functions apparent diseases psychiatry's greatest strength weakness. Recognizing bad feelings evolved adaptations corrects pervasive mistake viewing were manifestations. However, panic disorder, melancholia schizophrenia equally Progress will come framing testing specific hypotheses about natural selection left us disorders. efforts people over years be needed before we know provide paradigm treating

Язык: Английский

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The evolution of division of labour: preconditions and evolutionary feedback

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1922)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Division of Labour (DoL) among group members reflects the pinnacle social complexity. The synergistic effects created by task specialization and sharing duties benefitting raise efficiency acquisition, use, management defence resources a fundamental step above potential individual agents. At same time, it may stabilize societies because involved interdependence collaborators. Here, I review conditions associated with emergence DoL, which include existence (i) sizeable groups enduring membership; (ii) improving performance; (iii) low conflict interest owing to correlated payoffs. This results in (iv) combination intra-individual consistency inter-individual variance carrying out different tasks, creates (v) some degree mutual members. DoL typically evolves ‘bottom-up’ without external regulatory forces, but latter gain importance at later stage evolution Owing feedback processes, cause effect are often difficult disentangle evolutionary trajectory towards structured well-developed their Nevertheless, entail one-way street complexity, retrogression getting increasingly more agents depend on each other progressing stages evolution. article is part theme issue ‘Division labour as key driver evolution’.

Язык: Английский

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Individuality Through Ecology: Rethinking the Evolution of Complex Life From an Externalist Perspective

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT The evolution of complex life forms, exemplified by multicellular organisms, can be traced through a series evolutionary transitions in individuality, beginning with the origin life, followed emergence eukaryotic cell, and, among other transitions, culminating shift from unicellularity to multicellularity. Several attempts have been made explain origins such many which internalist (i.e., based largely on internal properties ancestral entities). Here, we show how externalist perspectives shed new light questions pertaining individuality. We do this presenting ecological scaffolding framework forms arise an external scaffold. Ultimately, anticipate that progress will come recognition importance both and modes explanation. illustrate considering extension model cells modify environment later becomes scaffold giving rise

Язык: Английский

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Changes of division of labour along the eusociality spectrum in termites, with comparisons to multicellularity

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1922)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Eusocial insects are characterized by reproductive division of labour, with one (or a few) individuals specialized in reproduction (queen and termites, also king) the other performing all tasks (workers). Among workers, further labour can occur. Termites have three main castes: reproductives, comprising queen king; morphologically differentiated sterile soldiers; workers. Task among workers varies greatly depending on lifestyle degree workers' potential, which from totipotency to reproduce up sterility. In wood-dwelling species, do not forage outside nest, performed totipotent multiple-instars less labour. Foraging species pluripotent multi-instar worker caste, but some between brood care versus foraging defence exists. The first task seems mainly be done smaller-and potentially younger-instars, while latter two larger-and older-workers. highest occurs Here, morphological castes defined age polyethism Comparisons Metazoa reveal striking similarities termites concerning gradients germline/soma differentiation cell totipotency.This article is part theme issue 'Division as key driver social evolution'.

Язык: Английский

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Maternal manipulation in the social Hymenoptera

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Tattoos were a prevalent art form in pre-Hispanic South America exemplified by mummified human remains with preserved skin decoration that reflects the personal and cultural representations of their times. are known to fade bleed over time ...

Язык: Английский

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The origin and maintenance of division of labour in an Indian paper wasp

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1922)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Division of labour (DoL) is prime importance in the success social insects various ecosystems and benefits their colonies by increasing efficiency productivity. This review summarizes more than three decades experimental evidence collected towards understanding emergence maintenance division Indian tropical paper wasp Ropalidia marginata . primitively eusocial species provides an interesting variation between newly founded mature terms behavioural mechanisms regulating labour. Newly rely on physical dominance behaviour for establishing Workers post-emergence continue to implement as a way regulate non-reproductive decentralized manner, while queens switch chemical regulation worker reproduction. We discuss experiments that build toward R. important model origin article part theme issue ‘Division key driver evolution’.

Язык: Английский

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Role specialization and reproductive division of labour at the origin of eusociality

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1922)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

The evolution of primitive eusociality from non-social ancestors in organisms such as bees and wasps is often regarded a major evolutionary transition. division labour between reproductives that specialize on egg production workers tasks foraging the key feature defining why social insects are so successful ecologically. In taxa with morphological castes, individuals irreversibly specialized for particular roles when they reach adulthood. At origin sociality, however, adaptations were absent, we must consider selection would favour specializing undifferentiated ancestral, phenotype. Here, I focus constraints based life-history tradeoffs plasticity be faced by ancestral females specializing. These include limited efficiency within-individual reproductive worker functions, imperfect matching productivities partners lack coordination. also discuss possibility payoffs through specialization could condition dependent. Eusocial lacking castes have traditionally been testing grounds to understand eusociality, but significant adaptation has occurred since helping first evolved. Investigating role at therefore requires utilizing taxa. This article part theme issue ‘Division driver evolution’.

Язык: Английский

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Open questions in the social lives of viruses

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(11), С. 1551 - 1567

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Abstract Social interactions among viruses occur whenever multiple viral genomes infect the same cells, hosts, or populations of hosts. Viral social range from cooperation to conflict, throughout world, and affect every stage lifecycle. The ubiquity these means that they can determine population dynamics, evolutionary trajectory, clinical progression infections. At time, in raise new questions for theory, providing opportunities test extend existing frameworks within evolution. Many exist at this interface: Insights into evolution have immediate implications our understanding fundamental biology manifestation diseases. However, are currently limited because biologists only rarely study viruses. Here, we bridge gap by (1) summarizing ways which interact socially, including consequences evolvability; (2) outlining some open raised could challenge concepts theory; (3) illustrative examples, data sources, conceptual questions, studying natural history diverse pervasive, with potential explore challenges present biology.

Язык: Английский

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Connecting and integrating cooperation within and between species

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1909)

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

There has long been a fundamental divide in the study of cooperation: researchers focus either on cooperation within species, including but not limited to sociality, or else between commonly termed mutualism. Here, we explore ecologically and evolutionarily significant ways which within- between-species interact. We highlight two primary cross-linkages. First, one type can change context other functions, thus potentially its outcome. delineate three possibilities: (i) within-species modulates benefits for heterospecific partner; (ii) affects dynamics cooperation; (iii) both processes take place interactively. The second cross-linkage emerges when resources services that makes available are obtainable from members same species different species. This brings at levels into direct interaction, some extent obscuring distinction them. expand these intersections diversity taxa interaction types. These interactions have potential weave together social networks trophic dynamics, contributing structure functioning ecological communities just beginning be explored. article is part theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial interactions'.

Язык: Английский

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Maternal manipulation of offspring size can trigger the evolution of eusociality in promiscuous species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(33)

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024

Eusocial organisms typically live in colonies with one reproductive queen supported by thousands of sterile workers. It is widely believed that monogamous mating a precondition for the evolution eusociality. Here, we present theoretical model simulates realistic scenario In model, mothers can evolve control over resource allocation to offspring, affecting offspring’s body size. The offspring body-size-dependent dispersal, which they disperse breed or stay at nest as helpers. We demonstrate eusociality even if are not strictly monogamous, provided constrain their reproduction through manipulation. also observe social polymorphism small individuals help and larger breed. Our unifies traditional kin selection maternal manipulation explanations demonstrates that—contrary current consensus belief—eusociality despite highly promiscuous mating.

Язык: Английский

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