Mycobiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
52(5), С. 306 - 316
Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2024
Pseudoperonospora
cubensis
is
a
significant
phytopathogen
causing
downy
mildew
disease
in
cucurbit
crops.
Understanding
the
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
interaction
between
P.
and
its
host
essential
for
developing
effective
management
strategies.
RxLR
effectors,
secreted
by
pathogens,
play
crucial
role
modulating
immunity.
In
this
study,
we
sequenced
genome
of
isolate
CNU-OTH
identified
effector
genes
using
bioinformatics
tools.
A
total
45
were
from
cubensis.
Cloning
functional
characterization
these
effectors
performed
through
transient
expression
assays
Nicotiana
benthamiana
leaves.
Subcellular
localization
selected
was
determined
GFP-tagged
constructs.
Functional
revealed
that
while
most
did
not
induce
hypersensitive
response
(HR),
subset
showed
either
weak
or
strong
necrosis.
Furthermore,
several
demonstrated
ability
to
suppress
cell
death
induced
BAX
INF1.
analysis
indicated
exhibited
fluorescence
nucleus
plasma
membrane
N.
cells,
suggesting
diverse
roles
host-pathogen
interactions.
This
study
provides
insights
into
genetic
diversity
manipulating
immunity
critical
strategies
combat
The
findings
contribute
broader
understanding
plant-pathogen
interactions
may
facilitate
development
disease-resistant
crop
varieties.
Journal of Experimental Botany,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2024
The
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
is
a
specialized
organelle
that
connects
almost
all
subcellular
structures
from
the
plasma
membrane
to
nucleus.
ER
involved
in
secretory
protein
synthesis,
folding
and
processing.
Evidence
has
emerged
at
frontier
of
battle
between
plant
hosts
pathogens.
Its
structural
functional
homeostasis
crucial
for
fate
cell
survival.
Pathogens
secrete
effectors
take
over
normal
functions
ER,
while
host
plants
fight
back
activate
stress
responses.
Exciting
achievements
have
been
made
studies
plant-pathogen
dynamics
during
past
decades.
Namely,
some
new
players
recently
resolved
both
pathogens
hosts.
In
this
review,
we
will
summarize
advances
identifying
characteristics
key
pathways
targeting
ER.
Newly
identified
ER-phagy
receptors
components
downstream
inositol
requiring
1
(IRE1)
be
described.
And
future
envisaged
further
our
understanding
missing
parts
dynamic
frontier.
ABSTRACT
Powdery
mildew
is
a
global
threat
to
crops
and
economically
valuable
plants.
Salicylic
acid
(SA)
signaling
plays
significant
role
in
plant
resistance
biotrophic
parasites;
however,
the
mechanisms
behind
how
powdery
fungi
circumvent
SA-mediated
remain
unclear.
Many
phytopathogenic
microbes
deliver
effectors
into
host
sustain
infection.
In
this
study,
we
showed
that
rubber
tree
fungus
Erysiphe
quercicola
inhibits
SA
biosynthesis
by
employing
two
effector
proteins,
EqCmu
EqPdt.
These
proteins
can
be
delivered
cells
hydrolyze
chorismate,
main
precursor
of
SA,
through
their
enzymatic
activities.
Notably,
EqPdt
interact
with
each
other,
providing
mutual
protection
against
protein
degradation
mediated
ubiquitin-proteasome
system.
This
interaction
enhances
activities
hydrolysis
chorismate.
Our
study
reveals
new
pathogenic
strategy
which
cooperate
evade
recognition
dampening
immune
IMPORTANCE
may
develop
diverse
strategies
disturb
salicylic
plants,
an
important
activating
immunity,
little
known
about
these
strategies.
results
suggest
translocated
inhibit
levels
during
infection
stage;
it
targeted
ubiquitin–proteasome
system
(UPS)
ubiquitinated,
induces
degradation.
To
UPS,
interacts
EqPdt,
another
E.
protein,
prevent
ubiquitination.
also
its
prephenate
dehydratase
activity.
Taken
together,
cause
synergistic
effect
disturbing
signaling.
suggests
enhancing
required
for
boosting
immunity
fungus.
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
37(9), С. 653 - 661
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024
Effector
secretion
by
different
routes
mediates
the
molecular
interplay
between
host
plant
and
pathogen,
but
mechanistic
details
in
eukaryotes
are
sparse.
This
may
limit
discovery
of
new
effectors
that
could
be
utilized
for
improving
disease
resistance.
In
fungi
oomycetes,
apoplastic
secreted
via
conventional
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)-Golgi
pathway,
while
cytoplasmic
packaged
into
vesicles
bypass
Golgi
an
unconventional
protein
(UPS)
pathway.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2023
Small
RNAs
(sRNAs)
of
the
fungal
pathogen
Botrytis
cinerea
can
enter
plant
cells
and
hijack
host
Argonaute
protein
1
(AGO1)
to
silence
immunity
genes.
However,
mechanism
by
which
these
sRNAs
are
secreted
remains
unclear.
Here,
we
demonstrate
that
B.
utilizes
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
secrete
Bc-sRNAs,
then
internalized
through
clathrin-mediated
endocytosis
(CME).
The
tetraspanin
protein,
Punchless
(BcPLS1),
serves
as
an
EV
biomarker
plays
essential
role
in
pathogenicity.
We
observe
numerous
Arabidopsis
clathrin-coated
(CCVs)
around
infection
sites
colocalization
marker
BcPLS1
CLATHRIN
LIGHT
CHAIN
1,
one
core
components
CCV.
Meanwhile,
cinerea-secreted
detected
purified
CCVs
after
infection.
knockout
mutants
inducible
dominant-negative
key
CME
pathway
exhibit
increased
resistance
Furthermore,
Bc-sRNA
loading
into
AGO1
target
gene
suppression
attenuated
those
mutants.
Together,
our
results
fungi
via
EVs,
mainly
CME.
