A transcriptional activator effector of Ustilago maydis regulates hyperplasia in maize during pathogen-induced tumor formation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2023

Ustilago maydis causes common smut in maize, which is characterized by tumor formation aerial parts of maize. Tumors result from the de novo cell division highly developed bundle sheath and subsequent enlargement. However, molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis are still largely unknown. Here, we characterize U. effector Sts2 (Small on seedlings 2), promotes hyperplasia cells. Upon infection, translocated into maize nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional activator, transactivation activity crucial for its virulence function. interacts with ZmNECAP1, yet undescribed plant activates expression several leaf developmental regulators to potentiate formation. On contrary, fusion suppressive SRDX-motif dominant negative inhibition formation, underpinning central role tumorigenesis. Our results not only disclose mechanism tumorigenic effector, but also reveal essential pathogen-induced

Язык: Английский

---

Border Control: Manipulation of the Host–Pathogen Interface by Perihaustorial Oomycete Effectors

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(3), С. 220 - 226

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2023

Filamentous plant pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, cause some of the most devastating diseases. These organisms serve as ideal models for understanding intricate molecular interplay between plants invading pathogens. pathogens secrete effector proteins via haustoria, specialized structures infection nutrient uptake, to suppress immune response reprogram metabolism. Recent advances in cell biology have provided crucial insights into biogenesis extrahaustorial membrane redirection host endomembrane trafficking toward this interface. Functional studies shown that an increasing number oomycete effectors accumulate at perihaustorial interface subvert focal responses, with a particular convergence on targets involved trafficking. In review, we summarize diverse mechanisms from oomycetes pinpoint pressing questions regarding their role manipulating defense metabolism haustorial [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Язык: Английский

---

Proteolytic processing of both RXLR and EER motifs in oomycete effectors

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2024

Abstract Arg-any amino acid-Leu-Arg (RXLR) effectors are central oomycete virulence factors that target diverse host proteins and processes to suppress plant immunity. Relatively little is known about how they processed post-translationally before delivery into cells. Proteolytic cleavage at the RXLR motif was observed occur prior secretion in all Phytophthora infestans tested, suggesting it a general rule, between leucine second arginine. There no of naturally occurring structured region Pi21388/AvrBlb1, or one introduced similar position effector Pi04314, keeping with being positionally constrained, potentially disordered regions closely following signal peptide. Remarkably, independent proteolytic Glu-Glu-Arg (EER) motif, often found immediately downstream RXLR, also effectors, after Expression full-length Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that, although secreted, were poorly processed, EER does not eukaryotic Our observations indicate whether possessing both EER, either alone, these likely proteolytically cases.

Язык: Английский

---

Proteolytic processing of both RXLR and EER motifs in oomycete effectors

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024

Summary Arg‐any amino acid‐Leu‐Arg (RXLR) effectors are central oomycete virulence factors that suppress plant immunity. Relatively little is known about how they processed post‐translationally before delivery into host cells. A range of molecular, cell and biochemical processes were used to investigate proteolytic processing RXLR Glu‐Glu‐Arg (EER) motifs in Phytophthora infestans effectors. Proteolytic cleavage at the motif occurred secretion all tested, suggesting it a general rule. Cleavage between leucine second arginine. There was no naturally occurring structured region Pi21388/AvrBlb1, or one introduced similar position effector Pi04314, keeping with being positionally constrained, potentially disordered regions closely following signal peptide. Remarkably, independent EER motif, often found immediately after RXLR, also observed, Full‐length expressed Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that, although secreted, poorly processed, does not occur eukaryotic We conclude whether possessing both EER, either alone, these likely generally proteolytically secretion.

Язык: Английский

---

Identification of Pseudoperonospora cubensis RxLR Effector Genes via Genome Sequencing

Mycobiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52(5), С. 306 - 316

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2024

Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a significant phytopathogen causing downy mildew disease in cucurbit crops. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying interaction between P. and its host essential for developing effective management strategies. RxLR effectors, secreted by pathogens, play crucial role modulating immunity. In this study, we sequenced genome of isolate CNU-OTH identified effector genes using bioinformatics tools. A total 45 were from cubensis. Cloning functional characterization these effectors performed through transient expression assays Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Subcellular localization selected was determined GFP-tagged constructs. Functional revealed that while most did not induce hypersensitive response (HR), subset showed either weak or strong necrosis. Furthermore, several demonstrated ability to suppress cell death induced BAX INF1. analysis indicated exhibited fluorescence nucleus plasma membrane N. cells, suggesting diverse roles host-pathogen interactions. This study provides insights into genetic diversity manipulating immunity critical strategies combat The findings contribute broader understanding plant-pathogen interactions may facilitate development disease-resistant crop varieties.

Язык: Английский

---