Root system architecture in cereals: progress, challenges and perspective

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(1), С. 23 - 42

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2022

SUMMARY Roots are essential multifunctional plant organs involved in water and nutrient uptake, metabolite storage, anchorage, mechanical support, interaction with the soil environment. Understanding of this ‘hidden half’ provides potential for manipulation root system architecture (RSA) traits to optimize resource use efficiency grain yield cereal crops. Unfortunately, highly neglected breeding due challenges phenotyping, but could have large rewards if variability RSA can be fully exploited. Until now, a plethora genes been characterized detail their role improving RSA. The forward genetics approaches find sequence variations underpinning desirable would beneficial. Advances computer vision applications allowed image‐based high‐throughput phenotyping that used by any laboratory worldwide make progress understanding function dissection genetics. At same time, frontiers measurement include non‐invasive methods like X‐ray tomography magnetic resonance imaging facilitate new types temporal studies. Root physiology ecology further supported spatiotemporal simulation modeling. discovery component providing improved resilience advantage target environments is key necessity mainstreaming root‐based breeding. integrated pan‐genome resources, now available most cereals, coupled in‐field platforms has precise selection superior genotypes

Язык: Английский

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Responses of root system architecture to water stress at multiple levels: A meta-analysis of trials under controlled conditions

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2022

Plants are exposed to increasingly severe drought events and roots play vital roles in maintaining plant survival, growth, reproduction. A large body of literature has investigated the adaptive responses root traits various plants water stress these studies have been reviewed certain groups species at a scale. Nevertheless, not synthesized multiple levels. This paper screened over 2000 literatures for typical including growth angle, depth, length, diameter, dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, hair length density integrates their genetic morphological scales. The genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) hormones that involved regulation response were summarized. We then statistically analyzed discussed underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we highlighted 1-D 2-D (RLD) distribution soil profile. will provide framework an integrated understanding deficit scales such insights may basis selection breeding tolerant crop lines.

Язык: Английский

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Crop root system plasticity for improved yields in saline soils

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

Crop yields must increase to meet the demands of a growing world population. Soil salinization is increasing due impacts climate change, reducing area arable land for crop production. Plant root systems are plastic, and their architecture can be modulated (1) acquire nutrients water growth, (2) respond hostile soil environments. Saline soils inhibit primary growth alter system (RSA) plants. In this review, we explore how adapt salinity, focusing predominately on staple cereal crops wheat, maize, rice, barley, that all play major role in global food security. Cereal classified as glycophytes (salt-sensitive) however salt-tolerance differ both between species within species. past, inherent difficulties associated with visualising measuring traits, breeding strategies have tended focus optimising shoot traits. High-resolution phenotyping techniques now make it possible visualise measure traits systems. A steep, deep cheap ideotype has been proposed nitrogen capture. Changes RSA an adaptive strategy avoid saline whilst nutrient acquisition. review propose new model designing salt-tolerant ideotype. The would exhibit plasticity soils, anatomical changes conserve energy restrict sodium (Na + ) uptake, transport mechanisms reduce amount Na transported leaves. future, combining high-resolution advances genetics will allow us uncover complex such incorporated into programs yield stability soils.

Язык: Английский

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Salt Stress—Regulation of Root Water Uptake in a Whole-Plant and Diurnal Context

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(9), С. 8070 - 8070

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2023

This review focuses on the regulation of root water uptake in plants which are exposed to salt stress. Root is not considered isolation but viewed context other potential tolerance mechanisms plants—tolerance relate relations and gas exchange. Plants spend between one third half their lives dark, stress does stop with sunset, nor it start sunrise. Surprisingly, how deal during dark has received hardly any attention, yet growth response over days, weeks, months years integrative result perform numerous, consecutive day/night cycles. As we will show, dealing night a prerequisite coping day. We hope highlight this so much what know, do know; relates often some rather basic questions.

Язык: Английский

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Not so hidden anymore: Advances and challenges in understanding root growth under water deficits

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(5), С. 1377 - 1409

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Limited water availability is a major environmental factor constraining plant development and crop yields. One of the prominent adaptations plants to deficits maintenance root growth that enables sustained access soil water. Despite early recognition adaptive significance under deficits, progress in understanding has been hampered by inherent complexity systems their interactions with environment. We highlight selected milestones responses emphasis on founding studies have shaped current knowledge set stage for further investigation. revisit concept integrated biophysical metabolic regulation use this framework review central growth-regulatory processes occurring within zones stress at subcellular organ scales. Key topics include primary modifications cell wall-yielding properties osmotic adjustment, as well regulatory roles abscisic acid its other hormones. consideration long-recognized which detailed mechanistic elusive until recently, example hydrotropism, identify gaps knowledge, ongoing challenges, opportunities future research.

Язык: Английский

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Plants and global warming: challenges and strategies for a warming world

Plant Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Uncovering the function of peptides: Bridging hormone signaling, microbial interactions, and root development in plants

New Crops, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1, С. 100011 - 100011

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Plant root systems are critical for absorbing water and nutrients anchoring plants in the soil, their development is regulated by phytohormones complex signaling pathways. Recent studies have identified small peptides as essential players governing development, binding to specific receptors on cell membrane, triggering processes. In this study, we summarize recent advances peptide regulation of system architecture tissue organization, well molecular interaction between canonical hormone signaling. Additionally, discuss functions modulating responses environmental forces like nitrogen phosphate starvation, osmotic stress, soil microbes through activation local systemic This review offers a comprehensive overview during plant prospects further crop breeding applications.

Язык: Английский

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MAC3A and MAC3B mediate degradation of the transcription factor ERF13 and thus promote lateral root emergence

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(9), С. 3162 - 3176

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

Abstract Lateral roots (LRs) increase root surface area and allow plants greater access to soil water nutrients. LR formation is tightly regulated by the phytohormone auxin. Whereas transcription factor ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR13 (ERF13) prevents emergence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), auxin activates MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE14 (MPK14), which leads ERF13 degradation ultimately promotes emergence. In this study, we discovered interactions between E3 ubiquitin ligases MOS4-ASSOCIATED COMPLEX 3A (MAC3A) MAC3B. As MAC3A MAC3B gradually accumulate primordium, levels decrease. We demonstrate that ubiquitinate ERF13, leading its accelerating transition of primordia from stages IV V. Auxin enhances interaction with facilitating MPK14-mediated phosphorylation. summary, study reveals molecular mechanism eliminates inhibitory through MPK14-MAC3A signaling module, thus promoting

Язык: Английский

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Single-cell transcriptomes reveal spatiotemporal heat stress response in maize roots

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Plant roots perceive heat stress (HS) and adapt their architecture accordingly, which in turn influence the yield crops. Investigating heterogeneity cell type-specific response to HS is essential for improving crop resilience. Here, we generate single-cell transcriptional landscape of maize (Zea mays) HS. We characterize 15 clusters corresponding 9 major types identify cortex as main root type responsive with most differentially expressed genes its trajectory being preferentially affected upon find that size strongly correlated tolerance experimentally validated by using inbred lines genetic mutation analysis one candidate gene maize, providing potential indicator targets improvement. Moreover, interspecies comparison reveals conserved core markers plants, are validated. These results provide a universal atlas unraveling programs specify maintain identity at level. authors reveal relationship between tolerance.

Язык: Английский

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WRKY transcription factors: Hubs for regulating plant growth and stress responses

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

As sessile organisms, plants must directly face various stressors. Therefore, have evolved a powerful stress resistance system and can adjust their growth development strategies appropriately in different stressful environments to adapt complex ever-changing conditions. Nevertheless, prioritizing defensive responses hinder growth; this is crucial factor for plant survival but detrimental crop production. such, comprehending the impact of adverse on not only fundamental scientific inquiry also imperative agricultural industry food security. The traditional view that hindered during defense due resource allocation trade-offs challenged by evidence exhibit both robust capabilities through human intervention. These findings suggest growth‒defense trade-off dictated limitations influenced intricate transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Hence, it conduct thorough investigations central genes govern unfavorable environments. Recent studies consistently highlighted importance WRKY transcription factors orchestrating plant-specific development, underscoring pivotal role WRKYs modulating under Here, we review recent advances understanding dual roles regulation across diverse This information will be elucidating interplay between response may aid identifying gene loci could utilized future breeding programs develop crops with enhanced productivity.

Язык: Английский

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