Evidence for adolescent length growth spurts in bonobos and other primates highlights the importance of scaling laws

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

Adolescent growth spurts (GSs) in body length seem to be absent non-human primates and are considered a distinct human trait. However, this distinction between present length-GSs may reflect mathematical artefact that makes it arbitrary. We first outline how scaling issues inappropriate comparisons (linear) weight (volume) rates result misleading interpretations like the absence of despite pronounced weight-GSs, or temporal delays length- weight-GSs. then apply scale-corrected approach comprehensive dataset on 258 zoo-housed bonobos includes as well several physiological markers related adolescence. found GSs both sexes. Weight trajectories corresponded with each other patterns testosterone insulin-like factor-binding protein 3 levels, resembling adolescent humans. further re-interpreted published data primates, which showed aligned exist not only bonobos. Altogether, our results emphasize importance considering laws when interpreting curves general, show pronounced, human-like probably also many primates.

Язык: Английский

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Incongruent ontogenetic maturity indicators in a Late Triassic archosaur (Aetosauria: Typothorax coccinarum)

The Anatomical Record, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 307(4), С. 1254 - 1270

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Abstract Maximum individual body size in pseudosuchian archosaurs is not well constrained the fossil record, but it may be influenced by a variety of factors including basal metabolic rate, evolutionary relationships, and environmental conditions. Body varies among Aetosauria which estimated total length ranges between 1 m (e.g., Coahomasuchus kahleorum ) 5 Desmatosuchus spurensis ). A new, very large specimen aetosaurian Typothorax coccinarum from Petrified Forest National Park northeastern Arizona nearly twice all other known specimens largest aetosaur currently worldwide. The lacks co‐ossified neurocentral sutures trunk vertebrae suggest that had yet reached skeletal maturity, smaller T. exhibit partially or fully same region. If correlates with maturity aetosaurs, this discrepancy warns timing suture co‐ossification aetosaurs reliable indicator ontogenetic stage. Osteohistological observations rib demonstrate although PEFO 42506 shows size, did deposit an external fundamental system despite depositing as many 19 growth lines, further indicating maturity. Thus, at least within Aetosauria, correlate, whereas can incongruent comparison. Furthermore, indicates non‐desmatosuchin could sizes suggests some have experienced indeterminate growth.

Язык: Английский

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Osteohistological description of ostrich and emu long bones, with comments on markers of growth

Journal of Anatomy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 241(2), С. 518 - 526

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2022

Abstract Ostriches and emus are among the largest extant birds frequently used as modern analogs for growth dynamics of non‐avian theropod dinosaurs. These ratites quickly reach adult size in under 1 year, such do not typically exhibit annually deposited marks. Growth marks, commonly classified annuli or lines arrested (LAGs), represent reduced halted osteogenesis, respectively, their presence demonstrates varying degrees developmental plasticity. marks have yet been reported from ostriches emus, prompting authors to suggest that they lost plasticity required deposit them. Here we observe hind limb bone histology three captive juvenile one ostrich. Two typical but third emu, a 4.5‐month‐old juvenile, exhibits regional arc avascular tissue, which interpret mark. As this mark is present other two same cohort it co‐occurs with contralateral broken fibula, variable biomechanical load potential cause. The ostrich complete ring avascular, hypermineralized sparse, flattened osteocyte lacunae. We identify an annulus slowing growth. In absence lacking animal's life history, timing cause ostrich's unclear. Even so, these findings demonstrate both taxa retain ancestral temporarily slow also discuss challenges identifying using incomplete population data sets partial cortical sampling.

Язык: Английский

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Growth and life history of freshwater chelydrid turtles (Testudines: Cryptodira): A bone histological approach

Journal of Anatomy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024

Abstract The current study examines the growth pattern and lifestyle habits of freshwater snapping turtles Chelydra Macrochelys based on limb bone histology. Femora, humeri, tibiae 25 individuals selected from a range ontogenetic stages were assessed to determine inter‐element intraskeletal histological variation. Osteohistological assessment multiple elements is consistent with overall moderate rates as revealed by dominance parallel‐fibered bone. However, was cyclical shown deposition lines arrested growths in compacta. It appears that tissue C. serpentina more variable through ontogeny intermittent higher rates. M . temminckii grow slowly than C possessing compact thick cortices accordance their larger size. Overall, vascularization decreases humeri femora being well‐vascularized both species. Contrarily, epipodials are poorly vascularized, though simple longitudinal radial canals present, suggesting differences patterns when compared associated diaphyseal sections. found be least remodeled bones therefore better suited for skeletochronology turtles. Intra‐elementally, preserved cortical vascularity ventrally, suggestive faster relative growth. We hypothesize differential may relate functional constraints, where forelimbs operational swimming while hindlimbs provide stability.

Язык: Английский

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Large-bodied ornithomimosaurs inhabited Appalachia during the Late Cretaceous of North America

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(10), С. e0266648 - e0266648

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2022

Reconstructing the evolution, diversity, and paleobiogeography of North America’s Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages require spatiotemporally contiguous data; however, there remains a spatial temporal disparity in data on continent. The rarity vertebrate-bearing sedimentary deposits representing Turonian–Santonian ecosystems, relatively sparse record dinosaurs from eastern portion continent, present persistent challenges for studies American evolution. Here we describe an assemblage ornithomimosaurian materials Santonian Eutaw Formation Mississippi. Morphological coupled with osteohistological growth markers suggest presence two taxa different body sizes, including one largest ornithomimosaurians known worldwide. regression predicts femoral circumference mass individuals similar to or greater than that large-bodied ornithomimosaurs, Beishanlong grandis , Gallimimus bullatus . paleoosteohistology MMNS VP-6332 demonstrates individual was at least ten years age (similar B [~375 kg, 13–14 old death]). Additional pedal elements share some intriguing features yet larger-body size closer Deinocheirus mirificus ornithomimosaur this region during time is consistent recent discoveries early-diverging, ornithomimosaurs mid-Cretaceous strata Laurasia ( Arkansaurus fridayi ). smaller taxon represented by tibia preserving seven cycles, indicators decreasing growth, belongs approaching somatic maturity, suggesting co-existence medium- America. provide key information diversity distribution Appalachian fit broader evidence multiple cohabiting species ecosystems Laurasia.

Язык: Английский

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