Understanding natural selection and similarity: Convergent, parallel and repeated evolution

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(20), С. 5451 - 5462

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2023

Parallel and convergent evolution offer some of the most compelling evidence for significance natural selection in evolution, as emergence similar adaptive solutions is unlikely to occur by random chance alone. However, these terms are often employed inconsistently, leading misinterpretation confusion, recently proposed definitions have unintentionally diminished emphasis on solutions. Here, I examine various conceptual frameworks related parallel propose a consolidated framework that enhances our comprehension evolutionary patterns. The primary aim this harmonize concepts together with idea similarity. Both involve result environmental challenges. distinction lies ancestral phenotypes. takes place when phenotypes (before selection) lineages similar. Convergent happens distinct selection). Because an ancestral-based will inevitably lead cases where uncertainty may arise, includes general term, repeated which can be used term applying genotypes well responses pressures. Based argument genetic similarity frequently arise without selection, posits sequences not great interest unless linked actions or origins (mutation, standing variation, gene flow) locations sequences.Os casos de evolução paralela e convergente apresentam-se como provas convincentes da relevância selecção no processo evolutivo, já que é improvável soluções adaptativas semelhantes evoluam apenas por acaso. No entanto, estes dois termos são utilizados frequentemente forma inconsistente definições recentemente propostas diminuíram involuntariamente ênfase na semelhantes. Nesta contribuição, examino os quadros conceptuais relacionadas com proponho um quadro consolidado aumenta compreensão destes padrões evolutivos. O objectivo desta contribuição harmonizar conceitos juntamente similaridade. Ambos implicam resultado pressões evolutivas. A distinção reside nos fenótipos ancestrais: ocorre quando ancestrais (antes selecção) das linhagens eram acontece tinham distintos selecção). Dado uma baseada ancestralidade caracteres levará, inevitavelmente, em incerteza pode surgir, sugiro inclusão termo geral: repetida, ser aplicado à genótipos semelhantes, assim respostas ambientais. Com base argumentação similaridade genética surgir sem selecção, eu postulo similitude sequências genéticas não grande interesse, menos esteja relacionada às ações ou origens (mutação, variação existente, fluxo génico) localizações semelhantes.La evolución y ofrecen algunas las pruebas más contundentes la importancia selección en evolución, ya es improbable emergencia soluciones similares se produzca únicamente casualidad. Sin embargo, estos términos emplean menudo inconsistente, lo lugar interpretaciones erróneas confusión. Además, definiciones recientemente propuestas han restado importancia, involuntariamente, similares. En este artículo, diversos marcos conceptuales con convergente, propongo un marco mejora nuestra comprensión patrones El objetivo principal armonizar los conceptos similitud. implican presiones La distinción radica fenotipos ancestrales: ocurre cuando ancestrales selección) linajes eran produce lijanes tenían selección). una basada ancestralidad conducirá inevitablemente puede incertidumbre distinción, el incluye término general: utilizarse laxo aplicable genotipos similares, así respuestas ambientales. Basándose argumento similitud frecuentemente sin selección, postula secuencias gran interés esté vinculada acciones o orígenes (mutación, variación flujo genético) ubicaciones

Язык: Английский

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Diversification of the ruminant skull along an evolutionary line of least resistance

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(9)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Clarifying how microevolutionary processes scale to macroevolutionary patterns is a fundamental goal in evolutionary biology, but these analyses, requiring comparative datasets of population-level variation, are limited. By analyzing previously published dataset 2859 ruminant crania, we find that variation within and between species biased by highly conserved mammalian-wide allometric pattern, CREA (craniofacial allometry), where larger have proportionally longer faces. Species with higher morphological integration more toward diverged farther from their ancestors, Ruminantia as clade diversified than expected the direction CREA. Our analyses indicate acts an "line least resistance" facilitates diversification due its alignment browser-grazer continuum. Together, our results demonstrate constraints at population level can produce directional phenotypic evolution scale. Further research needed explore has been exploited other mammalian clades.

Язык: Английский

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The Predictable Complexity of Evolutionary Allometry

Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 50(1), С. 56 - 77

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota parallelism and divergence associated with colonisation of novel habitats

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(20), С. 5661 - 5672

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2023

An organism's gut microbiota can change in response to novel environmental conditions, particular when colonisation of new habitats is accompanied by shifts the host species' ecology. Here, we investigated three lizard species (A. inornata, H. maculata and S. cowlesi) from their ancestral-like habitat Chihuahuan desert two colonised with contrasting geological ecological compositions: White Sands Carrizozo lava flow. The lizards' environment both shape composition, but effects were overall stronger. Further, found evidence that same independent led parallel changes microbiota, whereas distinct environments divergence. Some associated diet (based on information previous studies), which congruent general observation trophic ecology has a strong effect composition. Our study provides insights into how accompanying affect composition diversity.

Язык: Английский

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Distribution theories for genetic line of least resistance and evolvability measures

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(12), С. 1576 - 1590

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Abstract Quantitative genetic theory on multivariate character evolution predicts that a population’s response to directional selection is biased towards the major axis of covariance matrix G—the so-called line least resistance. Inferences constraints in this sense have traditionally been made by measuring angle deviation evolutionary trajectories from or, more recently, calculating amount variance—the Hansen–Houle evolvability—available along trajectories. However, there not clear practical guidelines how these quantities can be interpreted, especially high-dimensional space. This study summarizes pertinent distribution theories for relevant quantities, pointing out they written as ratios quadratic forms trajectory vectors taking G parameter. For example, beta with appropriate parameters used null squared cosine or subspace. More general cases handled probability normal variables. Apart its use hypothesis testing, latter approach could potentially heuristic tool looking into various scenarios, like and/or correlated selection, parameterized mean and gradients.

Язык: Английский

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Dimensionality and Modularity of Adaptive Variation: Divergence in Threespine Stickleback from Diverse Environments

The American Naturalist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 201(2), С. 175 - 199

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2022

AbstractPopulations are subjected to diverse environmental conditions that affect fitness and induce evolutionary or plastic responses, resulting in phenotypic divergence. Some authors contend such divergence is concentrated along a single major axis of trait covariance even if does not lead populations directly toward optimum. Other argue can occur readily many phenotype axes at the same time. We use threespine stickleback (

Язык: Английский

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AF‐vapeR: A multivariate genome scan for detecting parallel evolution using allele frequency change vectors

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(10), С. 2167 - 2180

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

Abstract The repeatability of evolution at the genetic level has been demonstrated to vary along a continuum from complete parallelism divergence. In order better understand why this exists within and among systems, hypotheses must be tested using high‐confidence candidate loci for repeatability. However, few methods have developed scan SNP data signatures specifically associated with repeatability, as opposed local adaptation. We present AF‐vapeR (Allele Frequency Vector Analysis Parallel Evolutionary Responses), an approach designed identify genomic regions exhibiting highly correlated allele frequency changes haplotypes replicated change vectors. method divides genome into windows equivalent number SNPs, each window performs eigen decomposition over normalised vectors (AFVs), derived pair populations/species. Properties resulting eigenvalue distribution can used compare those strong geometric parallelism, also compared against null randomly permuted AFVs. Furthermore, shape reveal multiple axes datasets. demonstrate utility detect different modes parallel simulations, reduced type‐II error rate intersecting F ST outliers. Lastly, we apply four previously published datasets (stickleback, Drosophila , guppies Galapagos finches) which comprise range sampling sequencing strategies, lineage ages. known while identifying novel candidates. main benefits include false‐negative under many conditions, emphasis on signals repeatable adaptation, opportunity first instance.

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying (non)parallelism of gut microbial community change using multivariate vector analysis

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Parallel evolution of phenotypic traits is regarded as strong evidence for natural selection and has been studied extensively in a variety taxa. However, we have limited knowledge whether parallel host organisms accompanied by changes their associated microbial communities (i.e., microbiotas), which are crucial hosts' ecology evolution. Determining the extent microbiota parallelism nature can improve our ability to identify factors that with (putatively adaptive) shifts communities. While it emphasized (non)parallel better considered quantitative continuum rather than binary phenomenon, approaches rarely used study parallelism. We advocate using multivariate vector analysis change analysis) quantify direction magnitude discuss applicability this approach studying parallelism, compiled an R package ('multivarvector'). exemplify its use reanalyzing gut data from multiple fish species exhibit trophic ecology. found results were largely consistent other statistical methods, estimates not affected taxonomic level at studied, might be stronger function compared composition. This provides analytical framework comparisons across lineages, thereby providing potential advance capacity predict changes. Hence, emphasize development application measures, such analysis, should further explored research order understand role dynamics during adaptive evolution, particularly settings

Язык: Английский

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The effects of host ecology and phylogeny on gut microbiota (non)parallelism across birds and mammals

mSphere, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(6)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

What are the roles of determinism and contingency in evolution? The paleontologist evolutionary biologist Stephen J. Gould raised this question his famous thought experiment "replaying life's tape." Settings where independent lineages have repeatedly adapted to similar ecological niches (i.e., parallel evolution) well suited address question. Here, we quantified whether repeated shifts across 53 mammalian 50 avian host species associated with gut microbiota changes. Our results indicate that diet greater parallelism more deterministic). While further research will be necessary obtain a comprehensive picture circumstances under which deterministic changes might expected, our study can instrumental motivating use quantitative methods research. This, turn, help us better understand dynamics during adaptive evolution their hosts.

Язык: Английский

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Allometry and phylogenetic divergence: Correspondence or incongruence?

The Anatomical Record, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Abstract The potential connection between trends of within species variation, such as those allometric change in morphology, and phylogenetic divergence has been a central topic evolutionary biology for more than century, including the context human evolution. In this study, I focus on size‐related shape craniofacial proportions using sample 3200 adult Old World monkeys belonging to 78 species, which 2942 specimens 51 are selected analysis. Using geometric morphometrics, assess whether direction static allometries increases relation phyletic differences. Because both small samples taxonomic sampling may bias results, explore sensitivity main analyses inclusion or less taxa depending choice threshold minimum size species. To better understand impact error, also use randomized subsampling experiments largest samples. study shows that vary broadly directions without any evident signal. This variation is much larger previously found ontogenetic trajectories monkeys, but conclusion no congruence with same. Yet, effect error clearly contributes inaccuracies tends magnify differences change. Thus, morphometric research at boundary micro‐ macro‐evolution primates, generally mammals, critically needs very large representative Besides suggest other non‐mutually exclusive explanations lack correspondence discuss why might be variable compared trajectories. Even if poor source information phylogeny, evolution allometry fascinating subject changes remains fundamental piece puzzle morphological primates animals.

Язык: Английский

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