Characterization of trade-offs between immunity and reproduction inAstrangia poculata

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023

Abstract Background Living organisms face ubiquitous pathogenic threats and have consequently evolved immune systems to protect against potential invaders. However, many components of the system are physiologically costly maintain engage, often drawing resources away from other organismal processes such as growth reproduction. Evidence a diversity has demonstrated that use complex resource allocation mechanisms manage competing needs optimize fitness. understanding patterns is limited across taxa. Cnidarians, which include ecologically important like hard corals, been historically understudied in context allocations. Improving allocation-associated tradeoffs cnidarians critical for future ecological dynamics rapid environmental change. Methods Here, we characterize trade-offs between constitutive immunity reproduction facultatively symbiotic coral Astrangia poculata. Male colonies underwent ex situ spawning sperm output was quantified. We then examined effects variable symbiont density energetic budget on physiological traits, including activity reproductive investment. Furthermore, tested Results found metrics; melanin production significantly positively associated with budget. failed document any associations would be indicative trade-offs, possibly due experimental limitations. Our results provide preliminary framework studies investigating cnidarians.

Язык: Английский

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Photosymbiont density is correlated with constitutive and induced immunity in the facultatively symbiotic coral,Astrangia poculata

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 3, 2024

ABSTRACT Scleractinian corals, essential ecosystem engineers that form the base of coral reef ecosystems, have faced unprecedented mortality in recent decades due climate-change related stressors, including disease outbreaks. Despite this emergent threat to many questions still remain regarding mechanisms underlying observed variation susceptibility. Emergent data suggests at least some degree response may be linked variability relationship between host corals and their algal photosymbionts (Family Symbiodineaceae). Still, nuances connections symbiosis immunity cnidarians, scleractinian poorly understood. Here we leveraged an model species, facultatively symbiotic, temperate, Astrangia poculata , investigate associations symbiont density both constitutive induced immunity. We used a combination controlled immune challenges with heat-inactivated pathogens transcriptomic analyses. Our results demonstrate A. mounts robust initial pathogenic stimuli is highly similar responses documented tropical corals. Furthermore, document positive responses, agreement preliminary studies . A suite genes, those coding for antioxidant peroxidoxin biosynthesis, are constitutively positively associated distinct patterns response; low induce preventative whereas high mobilize energetic resources fuel humoral responses. In summary, our study reveals need more nuanced symbiosis-immune interplay across diverse preferably quantitative energy budget analysis full disentanglement these complex effects on pathogen

Язык: Английский

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Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals immune system compartmentalization under symbiosis in the stony coralOculina arbuscula

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

ABSTRACT Many cnidarians host single-celled algae within gastrodermal cells, yielding a mutually beneficial exchange of nutrients between and symbiont, dysbiosis can lead to mortality. Previous research has uncovered symbiosis tradeoffs, including suppression the NF-κB immune pathway in hosting intracellular correlations symbiotic state pathogen susceptibility. Here, we used multiomic approach characterize states facultatively coral Oculina arbuscula by generating genotype-controlled fragments aposymbiotic tissue. Metabarcoding 16S rRNA showed no difference bacterial communities states. Consistent with previous whole-organism RNA-seq studies, proteomics revealed differential abundance proteins related immunity, consistent during symbiosis. Moreover, single-cell RNAseq identified diverse cell clusters six types across Specifically, cluster containing algal-hosting cells from tissue had higher expression nitrogen cycling sugar transport genes than Furthermore, lower involved regulation, genes, was observed these However, differences gene were This work reveals compartmentalization system specific symbiosis, which likely limits tradeoffs dampening immunity algal while still maintaining general organismal immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Prior heat stress increases pathogen susceptibility in the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

Anthropogenic climate change has significantly altered terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally, often in the form of climate-related events such as thermal anomalies disease outbreaks. Although isolated effects these stressors have been well documented, a growing body literature suggests that interact, resulting complex on ecosystems. This includes coral reefs where sequential associations between heat stress had profound impacts. Here we used model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana to investigate mechanisms linking prior increased susceptibility. We examined anemone pathogen susceptibility physiology (symbiosis, immunity, energetics) following recovery from stress. observed anemones previously exposed Notably, reduced energetic reserves (carbohydrate concentration), activity multiple immune components. Minimal symbiont density were observed. Together, results suggest changes availability might strongest effect immunity The presented here provide critical insight regarding interplay cnidarians are an important first step towards understanding temporal stressors.

Язык: Английский

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Fluctuaciones en la respuesta inmune (actividad de fenoloxidasa) relacionadas con los ciclos circadianos y lunares en la anémona simbiótica Exaiptasia diaphana (Actinaria: Aiptasiidae)

Ciencias Marinas, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 50(1B)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2024

La capacidad inmune de los cnidarios les permite mantener la integridad sus tejidos y prevenir infecciones ante amenazas daño. Los cuentan con un sistema innato que incluye melanina enzimas, como fenoloxidasa, se activa en presencia patógenos, generando compuestos reactivos tóxicos para su eliminación. anémona Exaiptasia diaphana es organismo modelo estudios sobre simbiosis, nutrición e inmunidad, ya mantiene una simbiosis facultativa las microalgas familia Symbiodiniaceae, corales; E. también puede existir estado aposimbiótico. Por tanto, adecuado estudiar el cnidarios. Para conocer actividad básica esta anémona, nos preguntamos si existe variabilidad enzima fenoloxidasa a lo largo del día, considerando 2 fases lunares (luna llena luna nueva). Se tomaron muestras mucus 6 anémonas simbióticas aposimbióticas, previamente aclimatadas mantenidas cajas pozos agua mar filtrada bajo condiciones luz natural. estimó cada h durante 48 h, repeticiones por fase lunar. presentó mayor 14:00 mientras nocturna fue baja. incrementó aposimbióticas (H = 17.47, P 0.0005). Además, encontramos relación negativa entre densidad simbiontes (R2 0.50, 0.04). Estos resultados permiten sugerir inmunidad constitutiva constante laboratorio, cual responde ciclos biológicos, circadianos lunares.

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Immune System Components in Cnidarians

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Prior heat stress increases pathogen susceptibility in the model cnidarianExaptasia diaphana

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change has significantly altered terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally, often in the form of climate-related events such as thermal anomalies disease outbreaks. Although isolated effects these stressors have been well documented, a growing body literature suggests that interact, resulting complex on ecosystems, including coral reefs where sequential associations between heat stress had profound impacts. Here we used model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana to investigate mechanisms linking prior increased susceptibility. We examined anemone pathogen susceptibility physiology (symbiosis, immunity, energetics) following recovery from stress. observed anemones previously exposed Notably, reduced energetic reserves (carbohydrate concentration), activity multiple immune components. Minimal symbiont density were observed. Together, results suggest changes availability might strongest effect immunity The presented here provide critical insight regarding interplay cnidarians are an important first step towards understanding temporal stressors.

Язык: Английский

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Photosymbiosis reduces the environmental stress response under a heat challenge in a facultatively symbiotic coral

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2023

Abstract The symbiosis between corals of the order Scleractinia and dinoflagellates family Symbiodiniaceae is sensitive to environmental stress. oxidative bleaching hypothesis posits that extreme temperatures lead accumulation photobiont-derived reactive oxygen species ROS, which exacerbates coral stress response (ESR). To understand how photosymbiosis modulates ESRs, these responses must be explored in hosts out symbiosis. We leveraged facultatively symbiotic Astrangia poculata , offers an opportunity uncouple ESR across its two states (symbiotic, aposymbiotic). Colonies both were exposed three temperature treatments for 15 days: i) control (static 18°C), ii) heat challenge (increasing from 18 32°C), iii) cold (decreasing 6°C) after host gene expression was profiled. Cold challenged elicited widespread differential expression, however, there no differences states. In contrast, colonies exhibited greater plasticity under challenge, including enrichment cell cycle pathways involved controlling photobiont growth. Counter hypothesis, this did not include signatures stress, rather a dampened observed, suggesting photobionts reduce host’s elevated A. .

Язык: Английский

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