Shift in virus composition in honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) following worldwide invasion by the parasitic mite and virus vector Varroa destructor

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Invasive vectors can induce dramatic changes in disease epidemiology. While viral emergence following geographical range expansion of a vector is well known, the influence have at level host's pathobiome less understood. Taking advantage formerly heterogeneous spatial distribution ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor that acts as potent virus among honeybees Apis mellifera , we investigated impact its recent global spread on community retrospective study historical samples. We hypothesized has had an effect epidemiology several bee viruses, potentially altering their transmissibility and/or virulence, and consequently prevalence, abundance, or both. To test this, quantified prevalence loads 14 viruses from honeybee samples collected mite-free mite-infested populations four independent regions. The presence dramatically increased load deformed wing virus, cause unsustainably high colony losses. In addition, other became more prevalent were found higher areas, including not known to be actively varroa-transmitted, but which may increase opportunistically varroa-parasitized bees.

Язык: Английский

---

Assessment of the efficacy of field and laboratory methods for the detection of Tropilaelaps spp.

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(9), С. e0301880 - e0301880

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024

Tropilaelaps spp. are invasive mites that cause severe disease in Apis mellifera colonies. The UK has deployed an elaborate surveillance system seeks to detect these early any invasion allow the best opportunity eradicate incursion. Effective field and laboratory protocols, capable of reliably detecting low numbers mites, key success intervention. Here we compared efficacy established monitoring using brood removal with uncapping fork, ‘bump’ methods novel for detection modified from Varroa schemes. In addition, monitored method screening hive debris by floating ethanol. Our results clearly indicated such as infested tweezers, catching mite drop sticky traps rolling adult bees icing sugar were all significantly more likely than existing fork on brood, or method. Existing protocols sieved then floated containing layer failed new efficacious developed. demonstrated national required modification improve this damaging mite.

Язык: Английский

---

Integrated resistance management for acaricide use on Varroa destructor

Frontiers in Bee Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2023

The global beekeeping industry faces an escalating challenge in the form of Varroa destructor . Synthetic chemicals serve as a cornerstone for varroa management, although they face major acaricide resistance. Here, I examine resistance under framework Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM). assess potential diverse IRM strategies, such pesticide rotation and mixtures, refuge utilization, synergists integration non-persistent chemicals. peculiar life history varroa, characterized by its incestuous breeding system, challenges conventional strategies. There is little published evidence that beneficial management with several studies showing maintained despite rotation. Fitness costs associated are often essential component but there no current data from demonstrating specific fitness (e.g., reduced relative oviposition rate) single experimental study directly examining found here was or reproductive cost pyrethroid More work needed on effects key acaricides, which would better guide use A prospect future has been identified through simulation modeling offered mixtures role to elevate efficacy. Additional tools include ‘soft’ including oxalic acid, biopesticides dsRNA. In light widespread prevalence increasing problem, urgent need nuanced, data-driven

Язык: Английский

---

Caught in the act: the invasion of a viral vector changes viral prevalence and titre in native honeybees and bumblebees

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Novel transmission routes change pathogen landscapes and may facilitate disease emergence. The varroa mite is a virus vector that switched to western honeybees at the beginning of last century, leading hive mortality, particularly in combination with RNA viruses. A recent invasion on French island Ushant introduced vector-mediated one varroa-naive native honeybee populations caused rapid changes viral community. These were characterized by drastic increase deformed wing type B prevalence titre honeybees, as well knock-on effects bumblebees, year following invasion. Slow bee paralysis also appeared 1 delay, while black queen cell declined honeybees. This study highlights far-reaching vector-borne can extend beyond directly affected host species, direction effect depends pathogen’s virulence.

Язык: Английский

---

Varroa destructor shapes the unique viral landscapes of the honey bee populations of the Azores archipelago

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(7), С. e1012337 - e1012337

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024

The worldwide dispersal of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor from its Asian origins has fundamentally transformed relationship honey bee (Apis mellifera) with several viruses, via changes in transmission and/or host immunosuppression. extent to which bee-virus relationships change after invasion is poorly understood for most part because there are few places world geographically close but completely isolated populations that either have, or have not, been exposed long-term Varroa, allowing separate ecological, epidemiological, and adaptive develop between bees their relation mite's presence absence. Azores one such place, as it contains islands without mite. Here, we combined qPCR meta-amplicon deep sequencing uncover presence, prevalence, load, diversity, phylogeographic structure eight viruses screened across archipelago. Four were not detected on any island (ABPV-Acute paralysis virus, KBV-Kashmir IAPV-Israeli acute BeeMLV-Bee macula-like virus); (SBV-Sacbrood virus) was only mite-infested islands; (CBPV-Chronic occurred some islands, two (BQCV-Black queen cell LSV-Lake Sinai virus,) present every single island. This multi-virus screening builds upon a parallel survey Deformed wing virus (DWV) strains uncovered remarkably heterogeneous viral landscape featuring Varroa-infested dominated by DWV-A -B, Varroa-free naïve DWV, refuge rare DWV-C dominating easternmost islands. While all four investigated here affected parameters (usually prevalence Richness component ASV diversity), strongest effect observed multi-strain LSV. unambiguously led elevated diversity (Richness Shannon Index) LSV, these results largely shaped LSV-2, major LSV strain. Unprecedented insights into mite-virus further gained implementing approach. In addition enabling identification novel strain unique this approach, combination recovered patterns, strongly suggests driving evolutionary Azores. study greatly advances current understanding epidemiology evolution less-studied whose thus far defined.

Язык: Английский

---

Honey Bee Larval Hemolymph as a Source of Key Nutrients and Proteins Offers a Promising Medium for Varroa destructor Artificial Rearing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(15), С. 12443 - 12443

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Varroa destructor, a major ectoparasite of the Western honey bee Apis mellifera, is widespread pest that damages colonies in Northern Hemisphere. Throughout their lifecycle, V. destructor females feed on almost every developmental stage host, from last larval instar to adult. The parasite thought hemolymph and fat body, although its exact diet nutritional requirements are poorly known. Using artificial Parafilm™ dummies, we explored nutrition assessed survival when fed larvae, pupae, or adults. We compared results with mites synthetic solutions filtered hemolymph. showed parasites could survive for several days weeks different diets. Bee yielded highest rates, plasma was sufficient maintain 14 more. This cell-free solution therefore theoretically contains all necessary nutrients mite survival. Because some proteins known be hijacked without being digested by parasite, decided run proteomic analysis highlight most common our samples. A list 54 compiled, including energy metabolism such as Vitellogenin, Hexamerin, Transferrins. These molecules represent key nutrient candidates crucial

Язык: Английский

---

Learning performance and GABAergic pathway link to deformed wing virus in the mushroom bodies of naturally infected honey bees

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 227(13)

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Viral infections can be detrimental to the foraging ability of western honey bee, Apis mellifera. The deformed wing virus (DWV) is most common bee and has been proposed as a possible cause learning memory impairment. However, evidence for this phenomenon so far come from artificially infected bees, while less known about implications natural with virus. Using proboscis extension reflex (PER), we uncovered no significant association between simple associative task DWV load. when assessed through reversal assay, bees higher load performed better in phase. able replicate mushroom bodies, where GABAergic signalling pathway an antagonistic effect on but crucial learning. Hence, pattern expression several GABA-related genes different responses. Intriguingly, body selected was positively correlated load, only good performance. We hypothesise that might improve olfactory performance by enhancing inhibition responses unrewarded stimuli, which consistent behavioural patterns observed. at disease burdens, induced artificial infection or severe, Varroa infestation, DWV-associated increase GABA could impair previously reported other studies.

Язык: Английский

---

Varroa mites exhibit strong host fidelity despite spatial desegregation of mite and host species in Vietnam

Apidologie, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 56(2)

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Implications of varroa mite establishment for Australian plants and their persistence

Australian Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 73(2)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

The European honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a highly abundant introduced pollinator with widely established feral populations across large proportion of Australia. Both managed and contribute significantly to the pollination many native plant species but have also disrupted plant-pollinator dynamics. Varroa mite (Varroa destructor), parasite associated collapse or unmanaged globally, has recently become in Australia will inevitably spread country. If decline significantly, there may be range effects on Australian species, including dynamics seed set. This would potential implications for risks faced by particularly those already threatened. However, exact honeybees plants are uncertain as role ecosystems poorly understood. We identify consequences varroa highlight knowledge gaps that currently limit our understanding subsequent impacts flora.

Язык: Английский

---

Environmental DNA Methods for Detection of Varroa destructor in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Hives

Environmental DNA, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(3)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor , is a worldwide problem for honey bees ( Apis mellifera ). recent spread of this pest to Australia, which was one the few varroa‐free bee populations remaining, highlights importance effective biosecurity methods managing incursions. Detection varroa mite environmental DNA (eDNA) could be valuable complementary tool increase sensitivity and cost‐effectiveness surveillance as it spreads new areas. Using newly developed V. quantitative PCR assay, we deployed eDNA testing on hives in New Zealand Australia with range infestation levels. detection using hive surface swabs comparable conventional alcohol wash method used by beekeepers, advantage not harming bees. However, observed greater variability detection, particularly entrance swabs, when estimated levels were below 1%. introduced from Chatham Islands Wellington, Zealand, also able show that detectable during initial invasion hives. Our data highlight potential incorporating into Australia's programs help limit mites areas detect future

Язык: Английский

---