Oxygen and temperature affect cell sizes differently among tissues and between sexes of Drosophila melanogaster DOI Creative Commons
Marcin Czarnołęski, Ewa Szlachcic, Valeriya Privalova

и другие.

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 150, С. 104559 - 104559

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2023

Spatio-temporal gradients in thermal and oxygen conditions trigger evolutionary developmental responses ectotherms' body size cell size, which are commonly interpreted as adaptive. However, the evidence for cell-size is fragmentary, typically assessed single tissues. In a laboratory experiment, we raised genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster at all combinations two temperatures (16 °C or 25 °C) levels (10% 22%) measured sizes cells different For each sex, epidermal wing leg ommatidial an eye. males, also epithelial Malpighian tubule muscle flight muscle. On average, females emerged larger than did having Flies either sex smaller when under warm hypoxic conditions. Development resulted most hypoxia some tissues, especially among females. Altogether, our results show shifts adult coupled with systemic orchestration throughout fly. The nature these patterns supports model ectotherm adjusts its life-history traits cellular composition to prevent severe level. revealed inconsistencies linked type, environmental parameters, suggest caution translating information obtained type organism whole.

Язык: Английский

Heat tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster is influenced by oxygen conditions and mutations in cell size control pathways DOI Open Access
Valeriya Privalova, Łukasz Sobczyk, Ewa Szlachcic

и другие.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1896)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Understanding metabolic performance limitations is key to explaining the past, present and future of life. We investigated whether heat tolerance in actively flying Drosophila melanogaster modified by individual differences cell size amount oxygen environment. used two mutants with loss-of-function mutations control associated target rapamycin (TOR)/insulin pathways, showing reduced (mutant rictor Δ2 ) or increased Mnt 1 different body tissues compared controls. Flies were exposed a steady increase temperature under normoxia hypoxia until they collapsed. The upper critical decreased response each mutation type as well hypoxia. Females, which have larger cells than males, had lower males. Altogether, cycle availability affected tolerance, but existing theories on roles tissue oxygenation can only partially explain our results. A better understanding how cellular composition affects metabolism may depend development research models that help separate various interfering physiological parameters from exclusive influence size. This article part theme issue ‘The evolutionary significance variation rates’.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Systemic changes in cell size throughout the body of Drosophila melanogaster associated with mutations in molecular cell cycle regulators DOI Creative Commons
Valeriya Privalova, Anna Maria Łabęcka, Ewa Szlachcic

и другие.

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Abstract Along with different life strategies, organisms have evolved dramatic cellular composition differences. Understanding the molecular basis and fitness effects of these differences is key to elucidating fundamental characteristics life. TOR/insulin pathways are regulators cell size, but whether their activity determines size in a systemic or tissue-specific manner awaits exploration. To that end, we measured cells four tissues genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster ( rictor Δ2 Mnt 1 ) corresponding controls. While flies lacked Rictor protein TOR complex 2, downregulating functions this element pathways, transcriptional regulator Mnt, weakening suppression downstream signalling from pathways. had smaller epidermal (leg wing) ommatidial larger than Females consistently males three tissue types. In contrast, dorsal longitudinal flight muscle (measured only males) were not altered by mutations. We suggest mutations cycle control drive evolution changes throughout body, additional mechanisms shape some independent

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

7
Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster DOI Creative Commons
Ewa Szlachcic, Anna Maria Łabęcka, Valeriya Privalova

и другие.

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Along with differences in life histories, metazoans have also evolved vast cellularity, involving changes the molecular pathways controlling cell cycle. The extent to which signalling network systemically determines cellular composition throughout body and whether tissue cellularity is organized locally match tissue-specific functions are unclear. We cultured genetic lines of Drosophila melanogaster on food without rapamycin manipulate activity target (TOR)/insulin evaluate cell-size five types adult cells: wing leg epidermal cells, ommatidial indirect flight muscle cells Malpighian tubule epithelial cells. Rapamycin blocks TOR multiprotein complex 1, reducing growth, but this effect has been studied single types. As adults, rapamycin-treated flies had smaller bodies consistently all tissues. Regardless, females eclosed larger tissues than males. Thus, sex were associated orchestration size body, leading size. postulate that TOR/insulin their effects should be considered when investigating origin ecological evolutionary patterns histories.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
Rapamycin supplementation ofDrosophila melanogasterlarvae results in less viable adults with smaller cells DOI Creative Commons
Ewa Szlachcic, Maciej J. Dańko, Marcin Czarnołęski

и другие.

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

The intrinsic sources of mortality relate to the ability meet metabolic demands tissue maintenance and repair, ultimately shaping ageing patterns. Anti-ageing mechanisms compete for resources with other functions, including those involved in maintaining functional plasma membranes. Consequently, organisms smaller cells more membranes should devote membrane maintenance, leading accelerated ageing. To investigate this unexplored trade-off, we reared Drosophila melanogaster larvae on food or without rapamycin (a TOR pathway inhibitor) produce small- large-celled adult flies, respectively, measured their rates. Males showed higher than females. As expected, small-celled flies (rapamycin) counterparts (control), but only early adulthood. Contrary predictions, median lifespan was similar between groups. Rapamycin administered adults prolongs life; thus, known direct physiological effects cannot explain our results. Instead, invoke indirect rapamycin, manifested as reduced cell size, a driver increased mortality. We conclude that size differences associated burdens costs may be important overlooked factors influencing patterns nature.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Evolution and development of Drosophila melanogaster under different thermal conditions affected cell sizes and sensitivity to paralyzing hypoxia DOI Creative Commons
Natalia Szabla, Anna Maria Łabęcka, Andrzej Antoł

и другие.

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 157, С. 104671 - 104671

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2024

Environmental gradients cause evolutionary and developmental changes in the cellular composition of organisms, but physiological consequences these effects are not well understood. Here, we studied experimental populations Drosophila melanogaster that had evolved one three selective regimes: constant 16 °C, 25 or intergenerational shifts between °C °C. Genotypes from each population were reared at temperatures (16 20.5 °C). As adults, measured thorax length cell sizes Malpighian tubules wing epithelia flies combination temperatures. We also exposed treatments to a short period nearly complete oxygen deprivation measure hypoxia tolerance. For genotypes any regime, development higher temperature resulted smaller with cells, regardless tissue. At every temperature, warm regime bodies cells larger tubule than did cold regime. fluctuating similar size those their either tissue smallest among regimes. Evolutionary interactively affected fly's sensitivity short-term paralyzing hypoxia. less sensitive after developing temperature. other regimes more Our results show thermal conditions can trigger size, coupled body These patterns suggest links body, levels within energetic cost maintenance. However, be only partially explained by existing theories about role oxygenation metabolic performance.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Oxygen and temperature affect cell sizes differently among tissues and between sexes of Drosophila melanogaster DOI Creative Commons
Marcin Czarnołęski, Ewa Szlachcic, Valeriya Privalova

и другие.

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 150, С. 104559 - 104559

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2023

Spatio-temporal gradients in thermal and oxygen conditions trigger evolutionary developmental responses ectotherms' body size cell size, which are commonly interpreted as adaptive. However, the evidence for cell-size is fragmentary, typically assessed single tissues. In a laboratory experiment, we raised genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster at all combinations two temperatures (16 °C or 25 °C) levels (10% 22%) measured sizes cells different For each sex, epidermal wing leg ommatidial an eye. males, also epithelial Malpighian tubule muscle flight muscle. On average, females emerged larger than did having Flies either sex smaller when under warm hypoxic conditions. Development resulted most hypoxia some tissues, especially among females. Altogether, our results show shifts adult coupled with systemic orchestration throughout fly. The nature these patterns supports model ectotherm adjusts its life-history traits cellular composition to prevent severe level. revealed inconsistencies linked type, environmental parameters, suggest caution translating information obtained type organism whole.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2