Neural circuit regulation by identified modulatory projection neurons

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Rhythmic behaviors (e.g., walking, breathing, and chewing) are produced by central pattern generator (CPG) circuits. These circuits highly dynamic due to a multitude of input they receive from hormones, sensory neurons, modulatory projection neurons. Such inputs not only turn CPG on off, but adjust their synaptic cellular properties select behaviorally relevant outputs that last seconds hours. Similar the contributions fully identified connectomes establishing general principles circuit function flexibility, neurons have enabled key insights into neural modulation. For instance, while bath-applying neuromodulators continues be an important approach studying modulation, this does always mimic response neuronal release same modulator. There is additional complexity in actions neuronally-released modulators to: (1) prevalence co-transmitters, (2) local- long-distance feedback regulating timing (co-)release, (3) differential regulation co-transmitter release. Identifying physiological stimuli neurons) activate has demonstrated multiple "modulatory codes" for selecting particular outputs. In some cases, population coding occurs, others output determined firing rate The ability perform electrophysiological recordings manipulations small populations at levels rhythmic motor systems remains determining mechanisms underlying rapid adaptability

Язык: Английский

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Peptidergic neurons with extensive branching orchestrate the internal states and energy balance of male Drosophila melanogaster.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

ABSTRACT Neuropeptide SIFamide (SIFa) neurons in Drosophila melanogaster have been characterized by their exceptionally elaborate arborization patterns, which extend from the brain into ventral nerve cord (VNC). SIFa are equipped to receive signals that integrate both internal physiological cues and external environmental stimuli. These enable regulate energy balance, sleep metabolic status, circadian timing. peptidergic instrumental orchestrating animal’s states refining its behavioral responses, yet precise molecular underpinnings of this process remain elusive. Here we demonstrate coordinate a range responses selectively integrating inputs outputs context-dependent manner. engage feedback loop with sNPF cord, modifying behaviors such as long mating duration (LMD) shorter (SMD). Furthermore, essential neuropeptides Dsk, sNPF, dilp2, interval timing behaviors. Activating leads reduced increased food intake, while deactivating them reduces intake. Overall, these findings importance absorbing turning outputs, shedding light on intricate orchestration.

Язык: Английский

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Aminergic and peptidergic modulation of Insulin-Producing Cells inDrosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2023

Insulin plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Since demands are highly dynamic, insulin release needs to be constantly adjusted. These adjustments mediated by different pathways, most prominently the blood glucose level, but also feedforward signals from motor circuits and neuromodulatory systems. Here, we analyze how inputs control activity of main source Drosophila – population Insulin-Producing Cells (IPCs) located brain. IPCs functionally analogous mammalian pancreatic beta cells, their location makes them accessible for vivo recordings intact animals. We characterized functional using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, anatomical receptor expression mapping, connectomics, an optogenetics-based ‘intrinsic pharmacology’ approach. Our results show that IPC expresses variety receptors neuromodulators classical neurotransmitters. Interestingly, exhibit heterogeneous profiles, suggesting can modulated differentially. This is supported electrophysiological IPCs, which performed while activating populations modulatory neurons. analysis revealed some have effects on activity, such they inhibit one subset exciting another. Monitoring calcium across uncovered these responses occur simultaneously. Certain shifted towards excited state, others it inhibition. Taken together, provide comprehensive, multi-level neuromodulation insulinergic system .

Язык: Английский

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The neuropeptide drosulfakinin enhances choosiness and protects males from the aging effects of social perception

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(51)

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2023

The motivation to reproduce is a potent natural drive, and the social behaviors that induce it can severely impact animal health lifespan. Indeed, in Drosophila males, accelerated aging associated with reproduction arises not from physical act of courtship or copulation but instead motivational drive court mate. To better understand mechanisms underlying effects on aging, we studied male choosiness for mates. We found increased activity insulin-producing cells (IPCs) fly brain potentiated without consistently affecting activity. Surprisingly, this effect was caused by insulins themselves, drosulfakinin (DSK), another neuropeptide produced subset IPCs, acting through one two DSK receptors, CCKLR-17D1. Activation Dsk + IPC neurons also decreased food consumption, while activation outside IPCs affected neither nor feeding, suggesting an overlap between modulating those influencing satiety. Broader (both within IPCs) required rescue detrimental female pheromone exposure lifespan, as function both receptors. same broad set reinforce normally aversive feeding interactions, only after pheromones, perception opposite sex gates rewarding properties these neurons. speculate neuron states satiety experience, which under stressful conditions beneficial

Язык: Английский

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Weight loss impacts risky decisions in obesity

Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(6), С. 1270 - 1277

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

Risky decision making is shaped by individual psychological and metabolic state. Individuals with obesity show not only altered risk behavior, but also abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a substantial weight loss in individuals severe will 1) normalize their state 2) change pattern guidance.

Язык: Английский

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