The rise of hyperabundant native generalists threatens both humans and nature

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98(5), С. 1829 - 1844

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2023

ABSTRACT In many disturbed terrestrial landscapes, a subset of native generalist vertebrates thrives. The population trends these disturbance‐tolerant species may be driven by multiple factors, including habitat preferences, foraging opportunities (including crop raiding or human refuse), lower mortality when their predators are persecuted (the ‘human shield’ effect) and reduced competition due to declines disturbance‐sensitive species. A pronounced elevation in the abundance wildlife can drive numerous cascading impacts on food webs, biodiversity, vegetation structure people coupled human–natural systems. There is also concern for increased risk zoonotic disease transfer humans domestic animals from with high pathogen loads as proximity increases. Here we use field data 58 landscapes document supra‐regional phenomenon hyperabundance community dominance Southeast Asian wild pigs macaques. These two groups were chosen prime candidates capable reaching they edge adapted, gregarious social structure, omnivorous diets, rapid reproduction tolerance proximity. Compared intact interior forests, densities degraded forests 148% 87% higher boar macaques, respectively. >60% oil palm coverage, pig‐tailed macaque estimated abundances 337% 447% than <1% respectively, suggesting marked demographic benefits accrued calorie‐rich subsidies. was extreme forest >20% cover where pig accounted >80% independent camera trap detections, leaving <20% other 85 mammal >1 kg considered. Establishing macaques imperative since linked fauna flora local ecosystems, health, economics (i.e., losses). severity potential negative effects motivate control efforts achieve ecosystem integrity, health conservation objectives. Our review concludes that rise generalists mediated specific types degradation, which influences ecology natural areas, creating both positive detrimental ecosystems society.

Язык: Английский

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Home range, habitat selection, density, and diet of golden jackals in the Eastern Plains Landscape, Cambodia

Journal of Mammalogy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 102(2), С. 636 - 650

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2021

Abstract We used radiocollars and GPS collars to determine the movements habitat selection of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in a seasonally dry deciduous forest with no human settlements eastern Cambodia. also collected analyzed 147 scats from their seasonal diet prey selection. The mean (± SE) annual size home-range ranges (47.1 ± 2.5 km2; n = 4), which were mutually exclusive between mated pairs, was considerably larger than that previously reported for this species, resulting an extremely low density (0.01 jackal/km2). unusually large home probably due harsh season when most understory vegetation is burned nearly all waterholes up, thereby causing decline availability small vertebrate prey. Resident groups consisted alpha pair, but betas, situated only areas not occupied by leopards (Panthera pardus) dholes (Cuon alpinus). Jackals avoided dense forests streams, had strong dirt roads, possibly avoid predators. Overall jackal diverse, at least 16 items identified, there significant difference composition cool-dry hot-dry seasons. Scat analysis showed main food consumed processional termites (Hospitalitermes spp.; 26% biomass consumed), followed wild pig (Sus scrofa; 20%), muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis; civets (17%). Compared available biomass, random consumption ungulates because selectively over ungulate species. Dietary overlap relatively low, patterns indicated preying on rather scavenging kills carnivores. Our results adaptable opportunistic species exhibits unique behaviors survive extreme environment near edge its distribution.

Язык: Английский

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An adaptable but threatened big cat: density, diet and prey selection of the Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) in eastern Cambodia

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 5(2), С. 171187 - 171187

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2018

We studied the Indochinese leopard ( Panthera pardus delacouri ) in eastern Cambodia, one of few potentially remaining viable populations Southeast Asia. The aims were to determine the: (i) current density Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) and (ii) diet, prey selection predation impact SWS. density, estimated using spatially explicit capture–recapture models, was 1.0 leopard/100 km 2 , 72% lower than an estimate from 2009 at same site, lowest densities ever reported Dietary analysis 73 DNA confirmed scats showed consumed 13 species, although ungulates comprised 87% biomass (BC). overall main (42% BC) banteng Bos javanicus ), making this only known population whose had adult weight greater 500 kg. Consumption wild pig Sus scrofa also highest (22% BC), indicating consistently predated on with some largest weights There important differences diet between sexes, as males mostly (62% proportion availability, but muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis ; 7% whereas females selectively (56% avoided (less 1% BC). Predation low (0.5–3.2% populations) for three ungulate species consumed. conclude that is apex predator SWS, unique declining alarming rate will soon be eradicated unless effective protection provided.

Язык: Английский

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Diet, prey selection, and activity of Asian golden cats and leopard cats in northern Laos

Journal of Mammalogy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 101(5), С. 1267 - 1278

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2020

Abstract The Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) occurs in small, declining, and highly fragmented populations throughout Southeast Asia, whereas the smaller leopard (Prionailurus bengalensis) is common widespread. In contrast to cats, little known about ecology of resource partitioning between these species has not been studied. We used DNA-confirmed scats, camera-trap data, prey surveys, determine diet, selection, activity, cats a protected area northern Laos. two felids had different diets: consumed mostly ungulates (35% biomass consumed), murid rodents (23%), carnivores (15%), (79%). were random their consumption ungulates, because muntjac (Muntiacus spp.) selectively over larger indicating preyed upon rather than scavenged. Dietary overlap felid was moderate (R0 = 0.60), dietary niche breadth (B 8.44) nearly twice as high that (4.54). mean (± SD) scat diameter greater for (2.1 ± 0.3 cm) (1.8 0.2 cm), although diameters scats considerably previously assumed this species. differed activity patterns, diurnal, nocturnal, they did differ use elevation, suggesting there no habitat segregation. Overall, appeared coexist with potential predator competitor, by exhibiting temporal partitioning. Our results showed important management might be conserving cats.

Язык: Английский

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Snaring devastates terrestrial ungulates whilst sparing arboreal primates in Cambodia's Eastern Plains Landscape

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 284, С. 110195 - 110195

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Monitoring terrestrial wildlife by combining hybridization capture and metabarcoding data from waterhole environmental DNA

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 284, С. 110168 - 110168

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Leopard (Panthera pardus) density and diet in a forest corridor of Terai: implications for conservation and conflict management

Wildlife Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 47(6), С. 460 - 460

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Abstract ContextIncreasing forest fragmentation and degradation has forced wildlife to live in close proximity humans, increasing the chances of human–wildlife conflict. Leopard (Panthera pardus) typifies problem faced by large carnivores. It is a threatened species with wide distribution, part their range outside protected areas, leaving them vulnerable human–leopard Understanding status diet such non-protected forests necessary for long-term conservation. AimsThe present study aimed estimate leopard density assess forest. MethodsA camera-trapping survey was carried out Kamdi corridor covering 791.29km2 western Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) Nepal. estimated based on photographs obtained camera traps, using Bayesian Explicit Capture–recapture (B-SECR) models. Scats leopards were opportunistically collected (n=60) analysed through micro-histological characters hair remains. The frequency occurrence relative biomass different prey consumed calculated. Key resultsLeopard be 1.50 (±0.49 s.e.) 100km−2 area. Similarly, we identified 13 scats. Wild contributed majority (67.8%) diet, including 23.2% wild boar (Sus scrofa) 18.3% spotted deer (Axis axis). Nearly one-third consists domestic livestock (cattle, goat, sheep) dog. ConclusionsLeopard found relatively low compared areas. from dogs suggests that conflict could problematic ImplicationsIncreasing improving husbandry periphery will contribute increase density, reduce enhance functionality corridor.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers of leopard (Panthera pardus) habitat use and relative abundance in Africa's largest transfrontier conservation area

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 248, С. 108649 - 108649

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Population dynamics of the last leopard population of eastern Indochina in the context of improved law enforcement

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 283, С. 110080 - 110080

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

Poaching, a major threat to wildlife worldwide, is pushing species toward extinction. To reduce poaching pressure and combat biodiversity loss, improved law-enforcement efforts reportedly are required; the effectiveness of which can be determined through rigorous monitoring populations, particularly endangered large carnivores. In Eastern Plains Landscape Cambodia, increased counter severe threats from illegal activities; however, it unknown if these strategies benefiting population Critically Endangered Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri), last felid eastern Indochina. We used open spatial capture-recapture models estimate density, survival, per-capita recruitment, growth rates using data 7 camera-trap surveys conducted over 11 years (2009–2019). found that (a) declined by 82 % (from 1.5 0.3 leopard/100 km2), (b) had low survival probability (0.58) recruitment (males: 0.04, females: 0.24), (c) expected continue declining. An additional survey in 2021 failed detect leopard, suggesting now functionally extinct, not fully extirpated, landscape. Over study period, there was drastic increase human activity, with 20-fold detection frequencies humans 1000-fold lethal-trap encounter rate. The rise anthropogenic pressures, snaring, appeared primary reason for decline, indicating decade management interventions insufficient conserve species, appears extirpated all Laos Vietnam. This has implications conservation wider region, notably should focus on populations within two remaining strongholds. Our results suggest increases alone unlikely protect Indochina; thus, needed address region's snaring crisis, including legislative reforms, community engagement, programs demand meat products. Long-term studies coupled timely effective actions avoid complete demise this subspecies.

Язык: Английский

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Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia's forestscapes

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98(6), С. 2114 - 2135

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023

ABSTRACT Intraguild interactions among carnivores have long held the fascination of ecologists. Ranging from competition to facilitation and coexistence, these their complex interplay influence everything species persistence ecosystem functioning. Yet, patterns pathways such are far understood in tropical forest systems, particularly across countries Global South. Here, we examined determinants consequences competitive between dholes Cuon alpinus two large felids (leopards Panthera pardus tigers tigris ) with which they most commonly co‐occur Asia. Using a combination traditional novel data sources ( N = 118), integrate information spatial, temporal, dietary niche dimensions. These three faced catastrophic declines extent co‐occurrence over past century; source populations now confined Protected Areas. Analysis dyadic pairs showed clear social hierarchy. Tigers were dominant dholes, although pack strength helped ameliorate some effects; leopards subordinate dholes. Population‐level spatio‐temporal assessed at 25 locations Asia did not show pattern overlap or avoidance pairs. Diet‐profile assessments indicated that wild ungulate biomass consumption by was highest, while consumed more primate livestock prey as compared co‐predators. In terms offtake (ratio available), together harvested 0.4–30.2% available prey, highest recorded location where reach very high densities. When re‐examined context availability offtake, low spatial temporal carnivore pairs, segregation. Based on observations, make predictions for 40 Areas India temporally synchronous estimates predator densities available. We expect will lead higher competition, extreme cases, complete exclusion one species. availability, intraguild coexistence conspecific carnivores, spill‐over forest‐edge habitats subsequent prey‐switching livestock. stress dhole–leopard–tiger range is facilitated through an intricate yet fragile balance competition. Data gaps limitations notwithstanding, our study shows how insights fundamental ecology can be immense utility applied aspects like conservation management human–carnivore interactions. Our findings also highlight potential avenues future research broaden current understanding systems beyond.

Язык: Английский

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