Recognizing Salinity Threats in the Climate Crisis

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 62(2), С. 441 - 460

Опубликована: Май 31, 2022

Abstract Climate change is causing habitat salinity to transform at unprecedented rates across the globe. While much of research on climate has focused rapid shifts in temperature, far less attention effects changes environmental salinity. Consequently, predictive studies physiological, evolutionary, and migratory responses organisms populations threats are relatively lacking. This omission represents a major oversight, given that among most important factors define biogeographic boundaries aquatic habitats. In this perspective, we briefly touch occurring contemporary time scales. We then discuss might confer resilience certain taxa, enabling them survive shifts. Next, consider approaches for predicting how geographic distributions will shift response change. Finally, identify additional data needed make better predictions future. Future should account multiple rapidly changing, especially

Язык: Английский

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Parasites indicate trophic complexity and faunal succession in restored oyster reefs over a 22‐year period

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(4)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Abstract Foundation species like the eastern oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) create complex habitats for organisms across multiple trophic levels. Historic declines in abundance have prompted decades of restoration efforts. However, it remains unclear how long takes restored reefs to resemble complexity natural reefs. We used a space‐for‐time approach examine community succession ranging age from 3 22 years old coastal North Carolina, surveying both free‐living taxa and parasite communities comparing them that are old. Trophically transmitted parasites can serve as valuable biodiversity surrogates, sometimes providing greater information about system or question than their counterparts. found diversity was highly variable did not differ among new (<10 years), (20 Conversely, increased with elapsed time after restoration, older resembled those Our study also revealed toadfish Opsanus tau act key host capable facilitating transmission ascent reef food webs. Overall, our results suggest requires at least 8 This work adds growing body evidence demonstrating proxies presence additional often difficult impractical sample. Given multiplicity links formed hosts, offer powerful tool quantifying environmental monitoring studies.

Язык: Английский

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Salinity and temperature affect the symbiont profile and host condition of Florida USA blue crabs Callinectes sapidus

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 198, С. 107930 - 107930

Опубликована: Май 4, 2023

Subtropical Florida blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, exhibit differing life history traits compared to their temperate counterparts, likely influencing symbiont infection dynamics. Little information exists for C. sapidus profiles, distribution among various habitats, and influence on crab condition. Using histopathology, genomics, transmission electron microscopy, we describe the first profiles occupying freshwater marine habitats. Twelve groups were identified from 409 crabs including ciliophorans, digenean, microsporidian, Haplosporidia, Hematodinium sp., Nematoda, filamentous bacteria, gregarine, nudivirus, Octolasmis Cambarincola putative microcell. Overall, 78% of documented with one or more demonstrating high rates in wild populations. Environmental variables water temperature salinity explained 48% variation was positively correlated diversity. This suggests possess fewer symbionts represent healthier individuals saltwater Crab condition examined using reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) determine if impairment could be linked prevalence. Symbionts found condition, impaired host symbionts, inclusion may boost predictive ability RAMP application. The microsporidian group had a particularly strong effect response, average 1.57 times higher all other groups. Our findings demonstrate importance considering full associations spatially temporally variable environment fully assess population health.

Язык: Английский

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28 minutes later: investigating the role of aflatrem-like compounds in Ophiocordyceps parasite manipulation of zombie ants

Animal Behaviour, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 203, С. 225 - 240

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023

Coevolutionary relationships between parasites and their hosts can lead to the emergence of diverse phenotypes over time, as seen in Ophiocordyceps fungi that manipulate insect arachnid behaviour aid fungal spore transmission. The most conspicuous examples are found ants Camponotini tribe, colloquially known 'zombie ants'. While behaviours induced during infection well described, molecular underpinnings remain unknown. Recent genomics transcriptomics analyses camponoti-floridani have identified several highly upregulated biomolecules produced by fungus Camponotus floridanus. Among them is an ergot alkaloid related mycotoxin aflatrem, cause 'staggers syndrome' cows. Staggering, defined unsteady movements side side, also observed C. floridanus late-stage infection. To test whether aflatrem-like compounds could be responsible, we injected healthy with aflatrem recorded for 30 min. Using both automated object-tracking software MARGO manual behavioural quantification, reduced ant activity speed increased staggering behaviours. examine underlying transcriptomic changes, performed RNA-seq on heads aflatrem-injected ants, keeping step previous work Ophiocordyceps-manipulated ants. We 261 genes were significantly dysregulated compared sham-injected controls. When data from groups shared 113 differentially regulated genes. These included sensory neuron membrane protein genes, odorant-binding musculoskeletal such titin obscurin. Together, these results indicate affect neuromuscular function conservation staggers phenotype Bos taurus suggests behaviour-manipulating strategies exhibited across Tree Life may more similar approach, if not widely different application, than realize.

Язык: Английский

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Caribbean Creeping Crabs: northward expansion of the green porcelain crab in North Carolina, USA

BioInvasions Records, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1), С. 109 - 120

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Marine species are expanding polewards with rising temperatures.In the Northwest Atlantic, tropical/subtropical native to Caribbean have been documented as spreading into temperate regions.One such species, green porcelain crab (Petrolisthes armatus), has migrating up southeastern United States coastline from Florida since 1990s.Until 2018, had not detected north of Wilmington, North Carolina (NC).Here, we document establishment P. armatus populations along NC central coast.During biodiversity monitoring, first record in 2018 Beaufort, NC, and subsequent records were at multiple locations region over a four-year time period (2018-2022), often relatively high abundances.Morphological genetic evidence confirmed identity this distinguished it its less abundant congener, galathinus (banded crab).While cold winter temperatures likely limited species' ability spread northwards past, recent years may facilitate continued expansion.It is vital that continue monitoring population demographics range, well determine community-level impacts region.

Язык: Английский

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Differential survival of Ilyanassa obsoleta to water temperature and association with the non-native red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla

Hydrobiologia, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024

Abstract Along the U.S. east coast, widespread non-native red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla provides habitat for an array of macroinvertebrates, including eastern mudsnail Ilyanassa obsoleta . Though I. tolerates a wide temperature range, increases in summer water temperatures may enhance mortality; furthermore, presence algae rising seawater could exacerbate harmful conditions. We tested how or absence G. influenced snail mortality across range over 3-week period. found that survived longest lowest (27 °C), followed by medium (32 and lastly highest (36 °C) where all snails died within 2 days. Mortality was also higher faster versus suspected dissolved oxygen became very low at with ; thus we conducted laboratory-based experiment. degraded declined treatment, thereby creating anoxic Altogether, our results demonstrate conditions high temperatures, potentially leading to enhanced faunal mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological Consequences of Parasite Invasions

CABI eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 100 - 114

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Invasions of pathogens and parasites can have far-reaching ecological consequences in their recipient ecosystems. In this chapter, we provide a conceptual overview the various mechanisms underlying these consequences, which illustrate using examples from literature. We first describe different ways invasive interact with hosts invaded ecosystems then discuss direct effects on native hosts. Following this, explore indirect other species via altering interactions identify knock-on communities Finally, highlight that parasite invasions also affect parasites, knowledge gaps areas for future research.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial communities are indicators of parasite infection status

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(12), С. 3423 - 3434

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2023

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that microbiomes have been shaping the evolutionary pathways of macroorganisms for millennia and these tiny symbionts can influence, possibly even control, species interactions like host–parasite relationships. Yet, while studies investigated host–parasites separately, little has done to understand all three groups synergistically. Here, we collected infected uninfected Eurypanopeus depressus crab hosts from a coastal North Carolina oyster reef times over 4 months. Infected crabs demonstrated an external stage rhizocephalan parasite, Loxothylacus panopaei . Community analyses revealed microbial richness diversity were significantly different among tissue types (uninfected crab, parasite externae larvae) time (summer fall). Specifically, communities larvae had similar consistent through time. spanning those their host showed more distinctive with greater variability Microbial also found be indicators early‐stage infections. Resolving community composition its is important step in understanding microbiome's role relationship determining how this tripartite impacts coevolutionary processes.

Язык: Английский

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‘Candidatus Mellornella promiscua’ n. gen. n. sp. (Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): An intracytoplasmic, hepatopancreatic, pathogen of the flatback mud crab, Eurypanopeus depressus

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 190, С. 107737 - 107737

Опубликована: Март 2, 2022

Bacterial pathogens are a long-standing threat to the longevity and survival of crustacean hosts. Their presence continuing emergence require close monitoring understand their impact on fished, cultured, wild populations. We describe new bacterial pathogen belonging Anaplasmataceae family (Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsiales), providing pathological, ultrastructural, phylogenetic, genomic evidence determine candidate genus species ('Candidatus Mellornella promiscua'). This bacterium was found infect mud crab, Eurypanopeus depressus, North Carolina coastline (USA) at prevalence 10.8%. 'Candidatus promiscua' often observed in co-infection with rhizocephalan barnacle, Loxothylacus panopaei. The only hepatopancreas crab host, causing cytoplasmic hypertrophy, tubule necrosis, large plaques within cytoplasm host cell, an abundance sex-pili. circular genome is 1,013,119 bp encodes 939 genes total. Phylogenetically, branches Anaplasmataceae. dissimilar from other described bacteria, 16S gene similarity maximum 85.3% Wolbachia endosymbiont. explore this novel using genomic, pathological methods, discussing these results light current taxonomy, pathogens, potential upon surrounding disease ecology benthic ecosystem.

Язык: Английский

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Cryptic diversity in endoparasitic isopods (Bopyroidea: Entoniscidae) from mud crabs (Panopeidae) along the Atlantic coast of North America, with the description of a new genus and new species as revealed by molecular and larval characters: the long and the short of it

Journal of Crustacean Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 43(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2022

Abstract Although intertidal crabs from the western Atlantic coast are relatively well studied for some parasite fauna, their parasitic isopods poorly known. We document two endoparasitic entoniscids (Cancrion carolinusPearse & Walker, 1939 and Cryptocancrion brevibrachiumn. gen., n. sp.) mud (Brachyura: Panopeidae) stone Menippidae) based on molecular morphological data, including descriptions of epicaridium larvae. these species cannot be distinguished adult female characters, data larval male morphologies show that present, sometimes sympatrically. The only other CancrionGiard Bonnier, 1887 North America is Cancrion needleriPearse 1939, described specimens parasitizing Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869) Prince Edward Island, Canada. Larvae this were never we consider it a inquirenda. sp. documented to have larvae with “short-armed” morphology (sixth pereopod subequal in length pereopods 1–5), adults parasitize at least three crabs: D. sayi, Panopeus herbstiiH. Milne Edwards, 1834, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841). By contrast, carolinus (originally P. herbstii collected Beaufort, NC, USA) has “long-armed” approximately twice 1–5) found four host species: Eurypanopeus depressus 1869), herbstii, R. crab Menippe mercenaria (Say, 1818). describe C. redescribe type material fresh specimens. cryptic nature indicates examination and/or needed properly identify species.

Язык: Английский

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