Estimated relative potential for airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a day care centre DOI Creative Commons
Ilpo Kulmala,

Aimo Taipale,

Enni Sanmark

и другие.

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(9), С. e30724 - e30724

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

We estimated the hourly probability of airborne severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and further number persons at risk in a day care centre by calculating inhaled dose for pathogens based on their concentration, exposure time activity. Information about occupancy activity rooms was collected from personnel building characteristics were obtained design values. The generation rate calculated as product viral load fluids emission exhaled particles, considering prevalence disease individuals. A well-mixed model used estimation concentration air. Wells-Riley infection probability. approach presented this study utilised identification hot spots critical events centre. Large variation probabilities observed when modelling normal between worst hour room best varied ratio 100:1. Similarly, cases 1000:1. Although there are uncertainties input values affecting absolute estimates proved to be useful ranking identifying implementing effective control measures.

Язык: Английский

Non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the UK: a rapid mapping review and interactive evidence gap map DOI Creative Commons
Daphné Duval, Bridie Evans,

Angélique Sanders

и другие.

Journal of Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(2), С. e279 - e293

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Abstract Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were crucial in the response to COVID-19 pandemic, although uncertainties about their effectiveness remain. This work aimed better understand evidence generated during pandemic on of NPIs implemented UK. Methods We conducted a rapid mapping review (search date: 1 March 2023) identify primary studies reporting reduce transmission. Included displayed an interactive gap map. Results After removal duplicates, 11 752 records screened. Of these, 151 included, including 100 modelling but only 2 randomized controlled trials and 10 longitudinal observational studies. Most reported isolate those who are or may become infectious, number contacts. There was for hand respiratory hygiene, ventilation cleaning. Conclusions Our findings show that despite large published, there is still lack robust evaluations need build evaluation into design implementation public health policies from start any future other emergency.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

7

Executive Summary to the Royal Society report “COVID-19: examining the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions” DOI Creative Commons
Mark Walport

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 381(2257)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

14

COVID-19 Personal Protective Behaviors during Large Social Events: The Value of Behavioral Observations DOI Creative Commons

Ashley Gould,

Lesley Lewis, Lowri E. Evans

и другие.

Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1), С. 63 - 63

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Within the context of reopening society in summer 2021, as UK moved away from ‘lockdowns’, Government Wales piloted return organized ‘mass gatherings’ people at a number test events. The current study reports behavioral observations that were made two events to inform this process. researchers particularly interested four key factors: how (1) within venue, (2) environmental design, (3) staffing and social norms, (4) time across an event, affected personal protective behaviors distancing face-covering use. Data collection was undertaken by trained observers. Adherence generally high, but there is clear evidence these shaped systematic way environment, situational cues, passage during Some instances large-scale non-adherence documented. An analysis dual-process framework suggests ways understand respond supporting target health groups where intervention deemed valuable, such complex or ambiguous contexts. This one first studies include ‘true’ measure understanding human responses COVID-19. It demonstrates can add precision granularity behavior real-world Given significant physical mental burden created acutely chronically COVID-19, work has implications for governments organizations support populations other challenges facing us today, sustainability, healthy lifestyle behaviors. individual’s intentions are not always matched their actions, so findings balanced liberal paternalistic approach system-level changes appropriate individual-level decisions engender collective responsibility action.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6

Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19: a systematic review on environmental control measures DOI Creative Commons
Anagha Madhusudanan, Christopher Iddon, Müge Çevik

и другие.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 381(2257)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

The purpose of this review was to identify the effectiveness environmental control (EC) non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in reducing transmission SARS-CoV-2 through conducting a systematic review. EC NPIs considered are room ventilation, air filtration/cleaning, occupancy, surface disinfection, barrier devices, [Formula: see text] monitoring and one-way-systems. Systematic searches databases from Web Science, Medline, EMBASE, preprint servers MedRxiv BioRxiv were conducted order studies reported between 1 January 2020 December 2022. All articles reporting on one-way systems retrieved screened. In total, 13 971 identified for screening. initial title abstract screening 1328 full text Overall, 19 references provided evidence NPIs: 12 4 cleaning 5 6 occupancy screens/barriers. No found that or implementation systems. Many these assessed have critical risk bias at least one domain, largely due confounding factors could affected measured outcomes. As result, there is low confidence findings. Evidence suggests devices reduction room-occupancy may role certain settings. However, usually very quality certainty, hence level ascribed conclusion low. Based found, it not possible draw any specific conclusions regarding disinfection use devices. From results, we further conclude community agreed standards well-designed epidemiological with needed. Implementation such would enable more confident assessment future other pathogens real-world This article part theme issue 'The COVID-19 pandemic: evidence'.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6

Effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission: rapid review of evidence from Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China DOI Creative Commons
Laura J. Faherty, Pedro Nascimento de Lima,

Jing Zhi Lim

и другие.

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2024

Prior to the development of COVID-19 vaccines, policymakers instituted various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) limit transmission. studies have attempted examine extent which these NPIs achieved their goals containment, suppression, or mitigation disease Existing evidence syntheses found that numerous factors comparability across studies, and on NPI effectiveness during pandemic remains sparse inconsistent. This study documents magnitude variation in reducing transmission (i.e., reduction effective reproduction rate [R

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1

Estimated relative potential for airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a day care centre DOI Creative Commons
Ilpo Kulmala,

Aimo Taipale,

Enni Sanmark

и другие.

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(9), С. e30724 - e30724

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

We estimated the hourly probability of airborne severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and further number persons at risk in a day care centre by calculating inhaled dose for pathogens based on their concentration, exposure time activity. Information about occupancy activity rooms was collected from personnel building characteristics were obtained design values. The generation rate calculated as product viral load fluids emission exhaled particles, considering prevalence disease individuals. A well-mixed model used estimation concentration air. Wells-Riley infection probability. approach presented this study utilised identification hot spots critical events centre. Large variation probabilities observed when modelling normal between worst hour room best varied ratio 100:1. Similarly, cases 1000:1. Although there are uncertainties input values affecting absolute estimates proved to be useful ranking identifying implementing effective control measures.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0