Fifteen essential science advances needed for effective restoration of the world's forest landscapes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 378(1867)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

There has never been a more pressing and opportune time for science practice to collaborate towards restoration of the world's forests. Multiple uncertainties remain achieving successful, long-term forest landscape (FLR). In this article, we use expert knowledge literature review identify gaps that need closing advance practice, as an introduction landmark theme issue on FLR UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration. Aligned with Adaptive Management Cycle FLR, 15 essential advances required facilitate success nature people. They highlight greatest challenges lie in conceptualization, planning assessment stages restoration, which require evidence base why, where how restore, at realistic scales. underlying sciences are complex, requiring spatially explicit approaches across disciplines sectors, considering multiple objectives, drivers trade-offs critical decision-making financing. The developing tropics priority region, scientists must work stakeholders Cycle. Clearly communicated scientific action outset will enable donors, decision makers implementers develop informed targets processes accountability. This article paves way 19 further articles issue, author contributions from world. is part 'Understanding restoration: reinforcing foundations Restoration'.

Язык: Английский

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Resolving land tenure security is essential to deliver forest restoration

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Abstract Tropical countries are making ambitious commitments to Forest Landscape Restoration with the aim of locking up carbon, conserving biodiversity and benefiting local livelihoods. However, global national analyses restoration potential frequently ignore socio-legal complexities which impact both effectiveness equitability restoration. We show that areas highest disproportionately found in weak rule law those substantial unrecognised land tenure. Focussing on Madagascar, at least 67% must be untitled land, where tenure is often unclear or contested, we how unresolved issues one most important limitations forest This likely a bigger problem than currently recognized without efforts resolve issues, opportunities equitably scale globally significantly over-estimated.

Язык: Английский

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Distinguishing forest types in restored tropical landscapes with UAV-borne LIDAR

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290, С. 113533 - 113533

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

Forest landscape restoration is a global priority to mitigate negative effects of climate change, conserve biodiversity, and ensure future sustainability forests, with international pledges concentrated in tropical forest regions. To hold efforts accountable monitor their outcomes, traditional strategies for monitoring tree cover increase by field surveys are falling short, because they labor-intensive costly. Meanwhile remote sensing approaches have not been able distinguish different types that result from utilizing (conservation versus production focus). Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAV) light detection ranging (LiDAR) sensors can observe forests` vertical horizontal structural variation, which has the potential types. In this study, we explored UAV-borne LiDAR landscapes under southeastern Brazil using supervised classification method. The study area encompassed 150 plots six divided two groups: conservation (remnant natural regrowth, active plantings) (monoculture, mixed, abandoned plantations) forests. data was used extract several Canopy Height Model (CHM), voxel, point cloud statistic based metrics at high resolution analysis. Using random model could successfully classify forests (90% accuracy). Classification entire set less accurate (62%) confusion matrix showed divide between Understory Leaf Area Index (LAI) variation vegetation density upper half canopy were most important metrics. particular, LAI understory may help advance ecological understanding restoration. difference success underlines difficulty distinguishing individual very similar management, regeneration dynamics, structure. context, ability identify complex structures plot scale groups widely distributed across restored medium accuracy. Future research explore fusion optical sensors, include successional stages analyses further characterize contributions

Язык: Английский

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Global dominance of lianas over trees is driven by forest disturbance, climate and topography

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that liana competition with trees is threatening the global carbon sink by slowing recovery of forests following disturbance. A recent theory based on local and regional further proposes competitive success lianas over driven interactions between forest disturbance climate. We present first assessment liana–tree relative performance in response to climate drivers. Using an unprecedented dataset, we analysed 651 vegetation samples representing 26,538 82,802 from 556 unique locations worldwide, derived 83 publications. Results show perform better (increasing liana‐to‐tree ratio) when are disturbed, under warmer temperatures lower precipitation towards tropical lowlands. also found can be a critical factor hindering disturbed experiencing liana‐favourable climates, as chronosequence data high persist for decades disturbances, especially annual mean temperature exceeds 27.8°C, less than 1614 mm climatic water deficit more 829 mm. These findings reveal degraded environmental conditions favouring disproportionately vulnerable dominance thus potentially stall succession, important implications sink, hence should highest priority consider restoration management.

Язык: Английский

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Targeted rainfall enhancement as an objective of forestation

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Forestation efforts are accelerating across the globe in fight against global climate change, order to restore biodiversity, and improve local livelihoods. Yet, so far non‐local effects of forestation on rainfall have largely remained a blind spot. Here we build upon emerging work propose that targeted enhancement may also be considered prioritization forestation. We show tools achieve this rapidly becoming available, but identify drawbacks discuss which further developments still needed realize robust assessments face change. programs then mitigate not only change itself its adverse form drying.

Язык: Английский

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On the unique value of forests for water: Hydrologic impacts of forest disturbances, conversion, and restoration

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Abstract We need empirical evidence on the impacts of land‐use change hydrological processes to guide policies and land management decisions. Based a global meta‐analysis 287 primary studies covering 1049 data points in 58 countries across 12 biomes, we review hydrologic process changes resulting from native forest disturbances conversions other types. Infiltration rates consistently fell over 50%, overland flow increased evapotranspiration as share rainfall declined when forests were disturbed or converted. Changes total evapotranspiration, interception, streamflow less consistent direction, while restored returned infiltration function pre‐conversion levels. Forests, perhaps especially forests, have unique value supporting regulating processes, they can reduce erosion, improve water infiltration, potentially enhance supply, including downwind locations. thus underscore calls for increasing proportion reforested areas with species landscape restoration planned this decade.

Язык: Английский

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Family forest landowners’ decision-making about reforestation and timber salvaging post hurricane

Trees Forests and People, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100812 - 100812

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying landscape fragmentation and forest carbon dynamics over 35 years in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(3), С. 034047 - 034047

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Abstract The Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF) covers 13% of Brazil but retains only 26% its original forest area. Utilizing a Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), we generated 30 m spatial resolution fragmentation maps for old-growth and secondary forests across the AF. We quantified landscape patterns carbon (C) dynamics over 35 years using MapBiomas data between 1985 2020. found that from to 2020 suffered continuous fragmentation, losing core (nuclei fragments) bridge (areas connect different areas) components landscape. About 87.5% (290 468.4 km 2 ) remaining lacked areas, with bridges (38.0%) islets (small, isolated (35.4%) being predominant. Secondary (1986–2020) accounted 99 450.5 played significant role in pattern, constituting 44.9% areas affected by edge effects (perforation, edge, bridge, loop), 53.7% islets, comprising 1.4% forest. Additionally, regeneration contributed all classes Even regrowth forests, total forested area biome did not increase Deforestation emissions reached 818 Tg CO , closely paralleled at 810 highlighting remarkable parity C two processes. Despite slow changes, AF continues lose stocks. estimated around 1.96 million hectares (19 600 regenerated would be required offset historical analysed period. Hence, MSPA can support monitoring, optimizing natural or active reduce enhance Our study’s findings are critical guiding land-use policies focusing on minimizing emissions, promoting regrowth, monitoring permanence. This study offers scale, spatially explicit information, conservation management.

Язык: Английский

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Restoration success in former Amazonian mines is driven by soil amendment and forest proximity

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 378(1867)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

Mining contributes importantly to tropical deforestation and land degradation. To mitigate these effects, mining companies are increasingly obliged restore abandoned mine lands, but factors driving restoration success hardly evaluated. Here, we investigate the influence of ecological (restoration age, soil properties surrounding forest area) management (diversity density planted species, zone) on recovery rate structure tree diversity 40 post-mining areas in Southern Amazonia, Brazil, using a 9-year annual monitoring dataset consisting over 25 000 trees. We found that was closely associated with interactions between quality communities, positively amount forests. also observed recover more slowly tailings compared pit surroundings. Our study confirms complexity reveals planting design improvement can increase success. For resource-efficient restoration, recommend focusing efforts tailings, which hardest restore, reducing surroundings close because their potential for by natural regeneration. This article is part theme issue 'Understanding landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration'.

Язык: Английский

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Reforestation success can be enhanced by improving tree planting methods

Journal of Environmental Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 336, С. 117645 - 117645

Опубликована: Март 3, 2023

Successful cost-effective reforestation plantings depend substantially on maximising sapling survival from the time of planting, yet in programs remarkably little attention is given to management saplings at planting stage and methods used. Critical determinants include their vigour condition when planted, wetness soil into which are trauma transplant shock nursery natural field soils, method care taken during planting. While some outside planters' control, careful specific elements associated with outplanting can significantly lessen transplanting improve rates. Results three experiments designed examine Australian wet tropics provided opportunity effects treatments, including (1) watering regime prior (2) planter technique, (3) site preparation maintenance, establishment. Focusing root moisture physical protection improved by least 10% (>91% versus 81%) 4 months. Survival rates under different treatments were reflected longer-term trees 18-20 months, differing a low 52% up 76-88%. This effect was evident more than 6 years after Watering immediately using forester's spade moist suppressing grass competition appropriate herbicides critical plant survival.

Язык: Английский

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