Dive Deep: Bioenergetic Adaptation of Deep-Sea Animals

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 42(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

The deep sea, which encompasses the largest habitat on Earth, presents a set of extreme and unique environmental conditions, including high hydrostatic pressure, near-freezing temperatures, perpetual darkness. These conditions pose significant challenges to survival energy management its inhabitants. Deep-sea organisms have evolved range bioenergetic adaptations negotiate these harsh ensuring efficient acquisition utilization. This review examines multifaceted strategies employed by deep-sea animals, focusing three key areas: input, digestive absorptive efficiency, consumption. We examine physical environment highlighting vertical profiles temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, contrast sharply with surface conditions. Physiological species, such as specialized systems enzyme modifications that function optimally under are explored in detail. Furthermore, we discuss behavioral adaptations, diurnal migration, optimize intake reduce metabolic costs. Comparative analyses shallow-water species provide insights into evolutionary pressures shaped adaptations. also addresses concept "power budgeting", expenditures for specific dynamic actions (SDAs) must be balanced other demands. comprehensive examination adaptation enhances our understanding their resilience adaptability, offering glimpses complex interplay between constraints biological processes one most challenging habitats planet.

Язык: Английский

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Consequences of the cost of living: is variation in metabolic rate evolutionarily significant?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1896)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

according to some schedule that maximises its total reproductive output (Schoener 1971 [1, p. 375])

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic ecology in aquatic ecosystems: viewed from trophic compartments and communities in food webs

Biosystems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 105401 - 105401

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Leaving the web: Testing the link between predation style and resting metabolic rate using closely related spiders with contrasting lifestyles

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 104819 - 104819

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Resting metabolic rate is influenced by numerous biotic and abiotic factors, as well complex interactions between these factors. Behavior lifestyle traits have significant influence on rates, but they closely interact with other influential such environmental conditions evolutionary history. This makes distinguishing the of behavior metabolism independent any factors difficult. Spiders are an ideal system for studying predation behavior, broadly exhibit two methods prey capture: web-building cursorial hunting. A spider's web represents a large energy sink, loss expected to effect budget allocation. In order determine style resting rate, we use co-occurring, related clades Hawaiian long-jawed orb weaver spiders (Tetragnatha, Tetragnathidae), one that builds webs, adopts lifestyle. Using stop-flow respirometry, measured rates four species, cursorial, at 20 °C. As predicted, Tetragnatha species higher than species. By using this unique natural eliminating confounding our results show has direct spider metabolism.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic scaling of an invasive mussel depends on temperature and chemical cues from an invasive predator

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Metabolism drives various biological processes, potentially influencing the ecological success and evolutionary fitness of species. Understanding diverse metabolic rates is fundamental in biology. Mechanisms underlying adaptation to factors like temperature predation pressure remain unclear. Our study explored role shaping scaling an invasive mussel species ( Brachidontes pharaonis ). Specifically, we performed laboratory-based experiments assess effects phenotypic plasticity on by exposing mussels water conditions with without predator cues from another (the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus ) across regimes. We found that are mediated presence chemical predator, crab. Investigating temperature–predator interactions underscores importance studying global warming. research advances our understanding how environmental jointly impact physiological processes.

Язык: Английский

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Starving infecund widow spiders maintain sexual attractiveness and trade off safety for enhanced prey capture

iScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(9), С. 110722 - 110722

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

Starving animals must balance their resources between immediate survival and future reproduction. False widow spiders,

Язык: Английский

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Does death drive the scaling of life?

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024

ABSTRACT The magnitude of many kinds biological structures and processes scale with organismal size, often in regular ways that can be described by power functions. Traditionally, these “biological scaling” relationships have been explained based on internal geometric, physical, energetic constraints according to universal natural laws, such as the “surface law” “3/4‐power law”. However, during last three decades it has become increasingly apparent scaling vary greatly response various external (environmental) factors. In this review, I propose provide several lines evidence supporting a new ecological perspective call “mortality theory ecology” (MorTE). According viewpoint, mortality imposes time limits growth, development, reproduction organisms. Accordingly, small, vulnerable organisms subject high due predation other environmental hazards evolved faster, shorter lives than larger, more protected A MorTE also includes corollary, size‐related causative factors (e.g. intraspecific resource competition, geometric surface area volume effects supply/transport protection tissues from hazards, homeostatic regulatory systems, incidence pathogens parasites, etc.) impact life. mortality‐centred approach successfully predicts ranges body‐mass slopes observed for traits. Furthermore, argue rate should considered ultimate (evolutionary) driver life, is expressed context proximate (functional) drivers information‐based regulation spatial (geometric) (metabolic) constraints.

Язык: Английский

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A new mechanistic model for individual growth applied to insects under ad libitum conditions

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(9), С. e0309664 - e0309664

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024

Metabolic theories in ecology interpret ecological patterns at different levels through the lens of metabolism, typically applying allometric power scaling laws to describe rates energy use. This requires a sound theory for metabolism individual level. Commonly used mechanistic growth models lack some potentially important aspects and fail accurately capture pattern often observed insects. Recently, new model (MGM–the Maintenance-Growth Model) was developed ontogenetic post-mature growth, based on an balance that expresses as net result assimilation metabolic costs maintenance feeding. The most contributions MGM are: 1) division into non-negotiable negotiable part, resulting increase faster than linearly with mass are regulated response food restriction; 2) differentiated allocation strategies between sexes 3) explicit description finding processing food. may also account effects body composition type cellular here calibrated evaluated using empirical data from experiment house crickets growing under ad libitum conditions. procedure involved parameter estimations literature collected data, statistical variation values. It found ingestion rate cannot be generally described by simple allometry, requiring more complex after maturity. Neither could feeding related simplistic manner. By unusual feature increasing mass, well male female crickets. Some other have been able provide good predictions insect during early ontogeny, but trajectory until terminated growth.

Язык: Английский

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The Perils of Scaling Response Variables: Metabolic Body Size and Its Negative Impact on Statistical Inference

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

The concept of "Metabolic Body Size" and expressing response variables in a ratio to BW0.75 gained wide acceptance across agriculture biology. practice dividing measured by has been criticized many times, yet it still advocates is routinely used. First, we show how why the arose from "Surface Law": Scientists were trying explain phenomenon larger animals having lower rates metabolism. We practically impossible express surface law mathematical terms. More importantly, one normal distribution another creates Cauchy distribution, making probabilities found through standard analysis variance techniques inappropriate. Through simulations demonstrate that variable coefficient variation increased, decreasing experimental power leading finding false "significant" relationships between BW, BW interaction. expressing, or scaling, per unit metabolic body size priori not just waste time effort; leads researchers conclusions about their results.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic Ecology in Aquatic Ecosystems: Viewed from Trophic Compartments and Communities in Food Webs

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Download This Paper Open PDF in Browser Add to My Library Share: Permalink Using these links will ensure access this page indefinitely Copy URL DOI

Язык: Английский

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