Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1904)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2024

Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth, yet our knowledge their diversity, ecology and population trends remains abysmally poor. Four major technological approaches coming to fruition for use in insect monitoring ecological research—molecular methods, computer vision, autonomous acoustic radar-based remote sensing—each which has seen advances over past years. Together, they have potential revolutionize ecology, make all-taxa, fine-grained feasible across globe. So far, within among technologies largely taken place isolation, parallel efforts projects led redundancy a methodological sprawl; yet, given commonalities goals approaches, increased collaboration integration could provide unprecedented improvements taxonomic spatio-temporal resolution coverage. This theme issue showcases recent developments state-of-the-art applications these technologies, outlines way forward regarding data processing, cost-effectiveness, meaningful trend analysis, open requirements. papers set stage future automated monitoring. article is part ‘Towards toolkit global biodiversity monitoring’.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the diversity of gut microbes in green lacewings (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) and their role as protagonist in nutrition

Archives of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 207(5)

Опубликована: Март 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Abundance of the Dominant Endosymbiont Rickettsia and Fitness of the Stored-Product Pest Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)

Insects, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(4), С. 349 - 349

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Endosymbiotic bacteria are key factors that regulate the biological traits of Liposcelis bostrychophila. This study employed metagenomic methods to analyze dominant species symbiotic microorganisms associated with L. By controlling environmental temperature, we were able manipulate abundance endosymbionts and establish populations high, medium, low levels these bacteria. allowed us examine fitness parameters bostrychophila under different endosymbiont abundance. The experimental results revealed hosts 51 genera microorganisms, Rickettsia being genus, accounting for 84.11% 98.16% total share. Environmental temperature significantly affected Rickettsia, notable differences observed during adult stage A gradient 28 °C, 35 37 °C was established, allowing classification based on into three categories: high-abundance (LBhp), medium-abundance (LBmp), low-abundance (LBlp). had a significant impact Specifically, high contributed positively population by increasing egg production, prolonging hatching time, enhancing lifespan, improving both survival reproductive rates. Therefore, plays crucial role in growth development In future, our research will help further uncover interactions between its host, providing new perspectives pest control offering better understanding insect biology ecology.

Язык: Английский

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Drosophila symbionts in infection: when a friend becomes an enemy

Infection and Immunity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

The insect microbiome is comprised of extracellular microbial communities that colonize the host surfaces and endosymbionts reside inside cells tissues. Both these participate in essential aspects biology, including immune response interactions with pathogens. In recent years, our knowledge about role infection has increased tremendously. While many studies have highlighted microbiome's protective effect against various natural enemies insects, unexpected discoveries shown some members microbiota can facilitate pathogenic infections. Here, we summarize fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, substantially progressed understanding host-pathogen-microbiome during infection. We on mechanisms gut microbiota, highlight examples exploitation by pathogens, detail endosymbiont-mediated protection. addition, delve into a previously neglected topic research-the crosstalk between microbiota. Finally, address how remain resilient to responses stably By examining influenced reciprocally affects outcomes, this review provides timely cohesive coverage roles

Язык: Английский

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Implementing high-throughput insect barcoding in microbiome studies: impact of non-destructive DNA extraction on microbiome reconstruction

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Abstract Background Symbiotic relationships with diverse microorganisms are crucial for many aspects of insect biology. However, while our understanding taxonomic diversity and the distribution species in natural communities is limited, we know much less about their microbiota. In era rapid biodiversity declines, as researchers increasingly turn towards DNA-based monitoring, developing broadly implementing approaches high-throughput cost-effective characterization both insect-associated microbial essential. We need to verify whether such barcoding, a powerful tool identifying wild insects, would permit subsequent microbiota reconstruction these specimens. Methods High-throughput barcoding (“megabarcoding”) methods often rely on non-destructive obtaining template DNA PCR amplification by leaching out specimens using alkaline buffers HotSHOT. This study investigated impact HotSHOT abundance estimates reconstructed bacterial community profiles. addressed this question comparing quantitative 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data HotSHOT-treated or untreated 16 representing six orders selected based expectation limited variation among individuals. Results find that 13 species, treatment significantly reduced estimates, corresponding an estimated 15-fold decrease amplifiable average. On other hand, pre-treatment had effect composition. The presence abundant bacteria known significant effects was not affected. observed changes low-abundance microbes, those close reliable detection threshold. Alpha beta analyses showed compositional differences only few species. Conclusion Our results indicate pre-treated remain suitable composition reconstruction, even if may be hard estimate. These can cost-effectively combine across communities. Thus, voucher obtained megabarcoding studies targeted at characterizing used microbiome characterizations. substantially aid speeding up accumulation knowledge microbiomes hyperdiverse

Язык: Английский

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A new tool in a toolbox: Addressing challenges in high-throughput microbiota surveys across diverse wild insects

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024

Abstract With their significant effects on the biology of higher organisms, host-associated microbiota has attracted research community’s attention. The rapid progress in sequencing techniques greatly facilitated microbial community characterization. However, most popular surveying technique, marker gene amplicon sequencing, multiple caveats that are not often addressed satisfactorily, including uncertainty about identity surveyed wild-caught specimens, variable and sometimes very low abundance microbes some samples, or reagent- cross-contamination. As a result, researchers obtain incomplete, biased, totally incorrect profiles. Here, we present versatile, cost-effective, high-throughput quantitative multi-target workflow for characterization communities, combining laboratory bioinformatic steps addressing known methodological issues. Optimized study wild insects, it can be easily adapted other sample types. Outputs include contamination-controlled data absolute insect both at genotype- OTU-level, as well host barcodes alongside information parasite infections. Using 1384 samples from Zackenberg Valley, NE Greenland, demonstrate potential to symbiont diversity patterns across large portion diverse natural community.

Язык: Английский

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Facultatively intrabacterial localization of a planthopper endosymbiont as an adaptation to its vertical transmission

mSystems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

Transovarial transmission is the most reliable way of passing on essential nutrient-providing endosymbionts from mothers to offspring. However, not all endosymbiotic microbes follow complex path through female host tissues oocytes their own. Here, we demonstrate an unusual strategy adopted by one planthopper

Язык: Английский

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Cold and lonely: low-abundance microbiota and no core microbiome across a broad geographic sampling of a mosquito species in Greenland

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024

Abstract Microbial symbionts play a crucial role in the biology of their insect hosts. In recent years, mosquito microbiome has emerged as promising tool for controlling populations and altering capacity to transmit diseases. However, while mosquitoes are widespread, most research focuses on few model species, leaving many others understudied. this study, we investigated how temporal spatial variations influence microbial abundance diversity associated with Ochlerotatus Greenland. We did by conducting high-throughput sequencing bacterial marker gene amplicons quantifying across large collection sampled systematically from four regions Greenland between 2009 2023. Analysis COI data identified two species within our collection: widely distributed O. nigripes less common impiger . Quantitative 16S rRNA amplicon revealed highly variable number copies per mosquito, overall microbiota typically lower (Avg = ∼1.2×10 5 , Mdn 1.04×10 4 ) than that estimated both lab-reared Aedes aegypti wild Culex pipiens Poland. Despite identifying diverse taxa, including Pseudomonas, Wolbachia Bartonella observed significant variability individual mosquitoes. Notably, there were no consistent patterns distribution sexes, geographic locations, or sampling years. These findings suggest surveyed may not rely abundant specialized reproduction nutrition, indicating flexible minimal relationship communities.

Язык: Английский

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Implementing high-throughput insect barcoding in microbiome studies: impact of non-destructive DNA extraction on microbiome reconstruction

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12, С. e18025 - e18025

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2024

Symbiotic relationships with diverse microorganisms are crucial for many aspects of insect biology. However, while our understanding taxonomic diversity and the distribution species in natural communities is limited, we know much less about their microbiota. In era rapid biodiversity declines, as researchers increasingly turn towards DNA-based monitoring, developing broadly implementing approaches high-throughput cost-effective characterization both insect-associated microbial essential. We need to verify whether such barcoding, a powerful tool identifying wild insects, would permit subsequent microbiota reconstruction these specimens.

Язык: Английский

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Diverse toxin repertoire but limited metabolic capacities inferred from the draft genome assemblies of threeSpiroplasma(Citri clade) strains associated withDrosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024

Abstract Spiroplasma (Class Mollicutes) is a diverse wall-less bacterial genus whose members are strictly dependent on eukaryotic hosts (mostly arthropods and plants), with which they engage in pathogenic to mutualistic interactions. generally fastidious culture vitro , especially those that vertically transmitted by their hosts, include flies the Drosophila . has been invaded at least three independent clades of : Poulsonii (the best studied; contains reproductive manipulators defensive mutualists associated two major ; among highest substitution rates within bacteria); Citri (restricted repleta group ); Ixodetis. We report first genome drafts -associated Clade strain s Moj from D. mojavensis Ald-Tx aldrichi Texas (newly discovered; also mulleri Hy2 hydei only species known naturally harbor clade strain, thereby providing an arena for horizontal gene transfer). Compared counterparts, we infer strains have: (1) equal or worse DNA repair abilities; (b) more limited metabolic capacities, may underlie comparatively lower titers transmission efficiency; (c) similar content toxin domains, including one ribosome inactivating protein (RIP), implicated Poulsonii-conferred defense against natural enemies. As byproduct our phylogenomic analyses exhaustive search certain domains public databases, document repertoire close relatives very divergent newly discovered lineage (i.e., “clade X”). Phylogenies toxin-encoding genes imply substantial exchanges between closely distantly related strains. Surprisingly, despite encoding several achieving relatively high prevalences populations ( this study; prior work), fitness assays (this study) (prior work) context wasp parasitism fail detect beneficial effect hosts. Thus, how persist host remains elusive. Data summary All novel sequencing data available through National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI) repositories. Illumina raw reads, assemblies, NCBI annotations under BioProject Nos. PRJNA506493 sHy2, PRJNA506491 sAld-Tx, PRJNA355307 sMoj. Oxford Nanopore (MinIon) reads sHy2 SRA Accession Number SRR12348752. Supporting Material DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7437997 as accompanying supporting documents corresponding preprint server scientific journal. Impact statement Symbiotic associations inherited microbes pervasive, taxonomically mechanistically diverse, strongly influential. Research into mechanisms processes governing such heritable interactions hindered inability most symbionts outside studied (Citri clade) associate flies, reach prevalence populations, but appear lack traits would enable them (e.g. vertical efficiency, manipulation, benefits). compared genomes separate (Poulsonii) associates does exhibit some contribute persistence, protection enemies recorded bacteria. Poulsonii, have smaller fewer genes, leading us predict similarly rates, explain densities achieve individual frequent loss lab colonies However, was result exchange distant strains, within-genome shuffling. hypothesize via unknown benefits conferred possibly mediated toxins, transmission. Our results, capitalized publicly expand range lineages encode particular combination types, revealed existence highly insects.

Язык: Английский

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