Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 634(8032), С. 124 - 138

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

Abstract Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analyzing electron microscopic (EM) brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of brains reconstruct local connectivity maps that are highly informative, yet inadequate for understanding function more globally. Here, we present the first neuronal wiring diagram a whole adult brain, containing 5×10 7 chemical synapses ∼130,000 reconstructed from female Drosophila melanogaster . The resource also incorporates annotations cell classes types, nerves, hemilineages, predictions neurotransmitter identities. Data products available download, programmatic access, interactive browsing made interoperable with other fly data resources. We show how derive projectome, map projections regions, connectome. demonstrate tracing synaptic pathways analysis information flow inputs (sensory ascending neurons) outputs (motor, endocrine, descending neurons), across both hemispheres, central optic lobes. Tracing subset photoreceptors all way motor illustrates structure uncover putative circuit mechanisms underlying sensorimotor behaviors. technologies open ecosystem FlyWire Consortium set stage future large-scale connectome projects in species.

Язык: Английский

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Neural circuit mechanisms for steering control in walkingDrosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2020

Abstract Orienting behaviors provide a continuous stream of information about an organism’s sensory experiences and plans. Thus, to study the links between sensation action, it is useful identify neurons in brain that control orienting behaviors. Here we describe descending Drosophila predict influence orientation (heading) during walking. We show these cells have specialized functions: whereas one cell type predicts sustained low-gain steering, other transient high-gain steering. These latter integrate internally-directed steering signals from head direction system with stimulus-directed multimodal pathways. The inputs are organized produce “see-saw” commands, so increasing output hemisphere accompanied by decreasing hemisphere. Together, our results internal external drives integrated motor commands different timescales, for flexible precise space.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic annotation of a complete adult maleDrosophilanerve cord connectome reveals principles of functional organisation

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2023

Summary Nervous systems function as ensembles of neurons communicating via synaptic connections, and a functional understanding nervous requires extensive knowledge their connectomes. In companion paper (Takemura et al., 2023), we describe the acquisition complete fruit fly nerve cord connectome, first for an animal that can walk or fly. Here, to efficiently navigate appreciate biological significance this categorise name nearly all systematically link them experimental literature. We employ system hierarchical coarse annotations group similar across midline segments, then define systematic cell types sensory neurons, intrinsic ascending non-motor efferent neurons. Stereotyped arrays neuroblasts generate related neuron populations called hemilineages repeat segments cord. confirm larval-born from given hemilineage generally express same neurotransmitter but find earlier born often different one. match over 35% intrinsic, ascending, defining serial sets which were crucial typing motor assign modality 5000 cluster by connectivity, identify serially homologous layered organisation likely corresponding peripheral topography. Finally, present selected examples circuits predicated on programmatic analysis VNC connectome. Our are critical analysing structure descending input output, both described in third (Cheong 2023). These being released part neuprint.janelia.org clio.janelia.org web applications also serve basis connectome through dedicated tools paper.

Язык: Английский

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Descending networks transform command signals into population motor control

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 630(8017), С. 686 - 694

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Abstract To convert intentions into actions, movement instructions must pass from the brain to downstream motor circuits through descending neurons (DNs). These include small sets of command-like that are sufficient drive behaviours 1 —the circuit mechanisms for which remain unclear. Here we show DNs in Drosophila directly recruit networks additional orchestrate require active control numerous body parts. Specifically, found previously thought alone 2–4 fact co-activate larger populations DNs. Connectome analyses and experimental manipulations revealed this functional recruitment can be explained by direct excitatory connections between interconnected brain. Descending population is necessary behavioural control: with many partners network co-activation complete only simple stereotyped movements their absence. DN reside within behaviour-specific clusters inhibit one another. results support a mechanism generated increasingly large compose combining multiple subroutines.

Язык: Английский

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Whole-body simulation of realistic fruit fly locomotion with deep reinforcement learning

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Abstract The body of an animal influences how the nervous system produces behavior. Therefore, detailed modeling neural control sensorimotor behavior requires a model body. Here we contribute anatomically-detailed biomechanical whole-body fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in MuJoCo physics engine. Our is general-purpose, enabling simulation diverse behaviors, both on land and air. We demonstrate generality our by simulating realistic locomotion, flight walking. To support these have extended with phenomenological models fluid forces adhesion forces. Through data-driven end-to-end reinforcement learning, that advances enable training network controllers capable locomotion along complex trajectories based high-level steering signals. use visual sensors re-use pre-trained general-purpose controller to perform visually guided tasks. project open-source platform for embodied context.

Язык: Английский

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Machine learning reveals the control mechanics of an insect wing hinge

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 628(8009), С. 795 - 803

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Systematic annotation of a complete adult male Drosophila nerve cord connectome reveals principles of functional organisation

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

Nervous systems function as ensembles of neurons communicating via synaptic connections, and a functional understanding nervous requires extensive knowledge their connectomes. In companion paper (Takemura et al., 2023), we describe the acquisition complete fruit fly nerve cord connectome, first for an animal that can walk or fly. Here, to efficiently navigate appreciate biological significance this categorise name nearly all systematically link them experimental literature. We employ system hierarchical coarse annotations group similar across midline segments, then define systematic cell types sensory neurons, intrinsic ascending non-motor efferent neurons. Stereotyped arrays neuroblasts generate related neuron populations called hemilineages repeat segments cord. confirm larval-born from given hemilineage generally express same neurotransmitter but find earlier born often different one. match over 35% intrinsic, ascending, defining serial sets which were crucial typing motor assign modality 5000 cluster by connectivity, identify serially homologous layered organisation likely corresponding peripheral topography. Finally, present selected examples circuits predicated on programmatic analysis VNC connectome. Our are critical analysing structure descending input output, both described in third (Cheong 2023). These being released part neuprint.janelia.org clio.janelia.org web applications also serve basis connectome through dedicated tools paper.

Язык: Английский

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Neural circuit mechanisms for steering control in walking Drosophila

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2024

Orienting behaviors provide a continuous stream of information about an organism’s sensory experiences and plans. Thus, to study the links between sensation action, it is useful identify neurons in brain that control orienting behaviors. Here we describe descending Drosophila predict influence orientation (heading) during walking. We show these cells have specialized functions: whereas one cell type predicts sustained low-gain steering, other transient high-gain steering. These latter integrate internally-directed steering signals from head direction system with stimulus-directed multimodal pathways. The inputs are organized produce “see-saw” commands, so increasing output hemisphere accompanied by decreasing hemisphere. Together, our results internal external drives integrated motor commands different timescales, for flexible precise space.

Язык: Английский

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A split-GAL4 driver line resource forDrosophilaneuron types

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Abstract Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets neurons in the fly central nervous system have greatly facilitated our understanding neural basis behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting cell types Drosophila melanogaster and other species. We describe here a collection 3060 range adult 1373 characterized third-instar larvae. These tools functional, transcriptomic, proteomic studies based on anatomical targeting. NeuronBridge search relate light microscopy images these split-GAL4 to connectomes reconstructed from electron images. The collections are result screening over 77,000 split hemidriver combinations. Previously published new included, all validated for expression curated optimal type specificity across diverse types. In addition stocks well-characterized lines, we make available 300,000 3D lines.

Язык: Английский

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