Neural circuit mechanisms underlying context-specific halting in Drosophila

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 634(8032), С. 191 - 200

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Dynamics of glia and neurons regulate homeostatic rest, sleep and feeding behavior in Drosophila

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

Abstract Homeostatic processes, including sleep, are critical for brain function. Here we identify astrocyte-like glia (or astrocytes, AL) and ensheathing (EG), the two major classes of that arborize inside brain, as brain-wide, locally acting homeostats short, naturally occurring rest sleep bouts Drosophila , show a subset neurons in fan-shaped body encodes feeding homeostasis. We metabolic gas carbon dioxide, changes pH behavioral activity all induce long-lasting calcium responses EG AL, levels both types circadian modulation. The homeostatic dynamics these can be modeled based on behavior. Additionally, local optogenetic activation AL or is sufficient to rest. Together, results suggest glial controllers activity, thus establishing link between metabolism, sleep.

Язык: Английский

---

Neural circuits for goal-directed navigation across species

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47(11), С. 904 - 917

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Neural circuit mechanisms underlying context-specific halting inDrosophila

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

Abstract Walking is a complex motor program involving coordinated and distributed activity across the brain spinal cord. Halting appropriately at correct time critical but often overlooked component of walking control. While recent studies have delineated specific genetically defined neuronal populations in mouse brainstem that drive different types halting 1–3 , underlying neural circuit mechanisms responsible for overruling competing walking-state to generate context-appropriate halting, remain unclear. Here, we elucidate two fundamental by which Drosophila implement halting. The first mechanism (“walk-OFF” mechanism) relies on GABAergic neurons inhibit descending commands brain, while second (“brake” excitatory cholinergic nerve-cord lead an active arrest stepping movements. Using connectome-informed models 4–6 functional studies, show deploy “walk-OFF” distinct walking-promotion neurons, leading differential forward-walking or steering. “brake” other hand, override all simultaneously inhibiting promoting pathways increasing resistance leg-joints leg movements stance phase walking. We characterized ethologically relevant behavioral contexts were used animal mutually exclusive manner: pathway was engaged during feeding, grooming. Furthermore, this knowledge targets allowed us use connectomics predict novel could be contexts.

Язык: Английский

---

Dynamics of sleep and feeding homeostasis inDrosophilaglia and neurons

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022

Abstract Sleep is critical for homeostatic processes in the brain, including metabolism and waste removal. Here, we identify brain-wide, locally acting sleep homeostats short, naturally occurring bouts of Drosophila two major classes glia that arborize inside astrocytes ensheathing glia. We show surround respiratory tracheal tubes, metabolic gas carbon dioxide, changes pH, or behavioral activity, all induce long lasting calcium responses, circadian modulations. Glia describe homeostasis behaving flies more faithfully than previously identified circuits central complex, but a subset neurons fan-shaped body important feeding homeostasis. Local optogenetic activation sufficient to sleep. Together, levels can be modeled as controllers thus establishing link between

Язык: Английский

---

Two neuropeptides that promote blood-feeding inAnopheles stephensimosquitoes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 15, 2024

Animals routinely need to make decisions about what eat and when. These are influenced not only by the availability quality of food but also internal state animal, which needs compute give weights these different variables before making a choice. Feeding preferences female mosquitoes exemplify this behavioural plasticity. Both male usually feed on carbohydrate-rich sources nectar or sap, feeds blood, is essential for egg development. This blood-appetite modulated across female’s reproductive cycle, yet little known factors that bring it about. We show Anopheles stephensi females, major vector urban Malaria Indian sub-continent West-Africa, suppress blood-feeding between blood-meal until oviposition. Transcriptomics blood-deprived sated An. mid-brains allowed us shortlist several candidate genes might promote behaviour. Through dsRNA-mediated knockdown nine them, we identified two neuropeptides – short Neuropeptide F (sNPF) RYamide blood-feeding. find neuromodulators expressed in non-overlapping subsets neurons brain suggesting behaviour likely multiple mechanisms acting neurons.

Язык: Английский

---

Two Neuropeptides that Promote Blood-Feeding in Anopheles Stephensi Mosquitoes

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Animals routinely need to make decisions about what eat and when. These are influenced not only by the availability quality of food but also internal state animal, which needs compute give weights these different variables before making a choice. Feeding preferences female mosquitoes exemplify this behavioural plasticity. Both male usually feed on carbohydrate-rich sources nectar or sap, feeds blood, is essential for egg development. This blood-appetite modulated across female's reproductive cycle, yet little known factors that bring it about.We show Anopheles stephensi females, major vector urban Malaria Indian sub-continent West-Africa, suppress blood-feeding between blood-meal until oviposition. Transcriptomics blood-deprived sated An. midbrains allowed us shortlist several candidate genes might promote bloodfeeding behaviour. Through dsRNA-mediated knockdown nine them, we identified two neuropeptides – short Neuropeptide F (sNPF) RYamide - blood-feeding. We find neuromodulators expressed in nonoverlapping subsets neurons brain suggesting behaviour likely multiple mechanisms acting neurons.

Язык: Английский

---

Exploration and Exploitation are Flexibly Balanced During Local Search in Flies

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Exploration and exploitation are flexibly balanced during local search in flies

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

After finding food, a foraging animal must decide whether to continue feeding, or explore the environment for potentially better options. One strategy negotiate this tradeoff is perform local searches around food but repeatedly return feed. We studied behavior in flies and used genetic tools uncover underlying mechanisms. Over time, gradually expand their search, shifting from primarily exploiting sources exploring environment, change that likely driven by increases satiety. found flies’ search patterns preserve these dynamics even as overall scale of modulated starvation-induced changes metabolic state. In contrast, induced optogenetic activation sugar sensing neurons does not show dynamics. asked what navigational strategies underlie search. Using generative model, we locomotor pattern after consumption could account repeated returns failed capture relatively direct, long trajectories. Alternative strategies, such path integration sensory taxis allow larger distances. tested individually silencing fly’s head direction system, olfaction hygrosensation, only substantial effect was perturbing which reduced number exploratory trips. Our study illustrates composed multiple behavioral features evolve over time based on both internal external factors, providing towards uncovering neural

Язык: Английский

---

Lack of Single Amino Acids Transcriptionally Remodels Sensory Systems to Enhance the Intake of Protein and Microbiota

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Adequate intake of dietary essential amino acids (eAAs) is vital for protein synthesis and metabolism. Any single eAA deprivation sufficient to increase in Drosophila melanogaster. How such nutritional -needs- are transformed into behavioral -wants- remains poorly understood. We derived transcriptomes from the heads flies deprived individual eAAs identify mechanisms by which this achieved. found that, while specific deprivations have unique effects on gene expression, a large set changes shared across deprivations. show that Or92a upregulation upon increases exploitation yeast, main source flies. Furthermore, Ir76a was crucial feeding Lactobacillus, gut bacterium ameliorates fitness eAA-deprived Our work uncovers common transcriptional induced an animal reveals novel underlying organisms physiological response challenges.

Язык: Английский

---