Does a Small Country Have Meaningful Regional Personality Differences? The Case of Estonia

Journal of Personality, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Regional differences in the Big Five personality domains have been observed several countries at different geographical granularities, often correlating with regional political, economic, social, and health (PESH) indicators. We examined extent of Estonia whether these were meaningfully correlated PESH Using data from Estonian Biobank (N = 72,268; 7% adult population, providing unprecedented representativeness), we tested their relations indicators without spatial smoothing. found that scores varied by 1.19 (extraversion) to 2.78 (openness) T-score units across counties 15) 2.80 4.74 municipalities (n 74). Also, correlations county municipality levels persisted even after controlling for gender, age, dependency, moderately consistent our predictions (r 0.23 0.30) between 0.41). residents tended be similar traits regardless location, replicating results other countries. Yet, small domain could represent valid possibly consequential psychological variation.

Язык: Английский

Understanding indirect assortative mating and its intergenerational consequences

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024

Abstract Partners tend to have similar levels of education. Previous studies indicate that this is likely due some form indirect assortative mating but there not a consistent understanding process. Understanding assortment crucial for resolving the role nature and nurture in We attribute previous inconsistencies idiosyncratic models inconsistent use relevant terms. In paper, we develop new framework provide updated definitions key then model (the iAM-ACE-model) can partners twins siblings distinguish degree on genetic, social, individual characteristics. also expand include children iAM-COTS model), allowing us explain parent-offspring similarity while accounting gene-environment correlations. apply educational attainment using 1,529,144 individuals 209,792 extended families from Norwegian registry data Twin Registry. The analysis suggests partner be explained by strong sibling-shared environmental factors, with only moderate genetic factors. implied genotypic correlation between ( r = .33) comparable earlier studies, higher than expected under direct assortment. Most was attributable passive transmission (62%), rest (23%) phenotypic (15%). Environmental estimated lower alternative assumed assortment, these did fit well.

Язык: Английский

Socio-economic status is a social construct with heritable components and genetic consequences

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Язык: Английский