AxoDen: An Algorithm for the Automated Quantification of Axonal Density in defined Brain Regions DOI Creative Commons
R. Ortega, Emmy Li,

Oliver Joseph

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Abstract The rodent brain contains 70,000,000+ neurons interconnected via complex axonal circuits with varying architectures. Neural pathologies are often associated anatomical changes in these projections and synaptic connections. Notably, density variations of local long-range increase or decrease as a function the strengthening weakening, respectively, information flow between regions. Traditionally, histological quantification inputs relied on assessing mean fluorescence intensity within rectangle placed region-of-inter-est. Despite yielding valuable insights, this conventional method is notably susceptible to background fluorescence, post-acquisition adjustments, inter-researcher variability. Additionally, it fails account for non-uniform innervation across regions, thus overlooking critical data such percentages distribution patterns. In response challenges, we introduce AxoDen, an open-source semi-automated platform designed speed rigor axon quantifications basic neuroscience discovery. AxoDen processes user-defined regions-of-interests incorporating dynamic thresholding grayscales-transformed images facilitate binarized pixel measure-ments. Thereby segregates image content into signal non-signal categories, effectively eliminating interference enabling exclusive measurement from projections. provides detailed accurate representations spatial distribution. AxoDen’s advanced yet user-friendly enhances reliability efficiency analysis facilitates access unbiased high-quality no technical coding experience required. freely available everyone tool dissecting patterns precisely defined

Язык: Английский

Genetically- and spatially-defined basolateral amygdala neurons control food consumption and social interaction DOI Creative Commons
Hansol Lim, Yue Zhang, Christian Peters

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2024

Abstract The basolateral amygdala (BLA) contains discrete neuronal circuits that integrate positive or negative emotional information and drive the appropriate innate learned behaviors. Whether these consist of genetically-identifiable anatomically segregated neuron types, is poorly understood. Also, our understanding response patterns behavioral spectra BLA neurons limited. Here, we classified 11 glutamatergic cell clusters in mouse found several them were lateral versus basal amygdala, anterior posterior regions BLA. Two subpopulations innately responded to valence-specific, whereas one mixed - aversive social cues. Positive-valence promoted normal feeding, while selectivity fear learning interactions. These findings enhance type diversity spatial organization role distinct populations representing valence-specific stimuli.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
Opioidergic activation of the descending pain inhibitory system underlies placebo analgesia DOI Creative Commons
Hiroyuki Neyama,

Yuping Wu,

Yuka Nakaya

и другие.

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Placebo analgesia is caused by inactive treatment, implicating endogenous brain function involvement. However, the neurobiological basis remains unclear. In this study, we found that μ-opioid signals in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activate descending pain inhibitory system to initiate placebo neuropathic rats. Chemogenetic manipulation demonstrated specific activation of receptor–positive (MOR + ) neurons mPFC or suppression mPFC–ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) circuit inhibited MOR are monosynaptically connected and directly inhibit layer V pyramidal project vlPAG via GABA A receptors. Thus, intrinsic opioid signaling disinhibits excitatory outflow suppressing neurons, leading initiates analgesia. Our results shed light on fundamental mechanism effect maximizes therapeutic efficacy reduces adverse drug effects medical practice.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Reinforcement Learning in Personalized Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Treatment Optimization Strategies DOI Open Access

K Banumathi,

Latha Venkatesan, Lizy Sonia Benjamin

и другие.

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
AxoDen: An Algorithm for the Automated Quantification of Axonal Density in defined Brain Regions DOI Creative Commons
R. Ortega, Emmy Li,

Oliver Joseph

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Abstract The rodent brain contains 70,000,000+ neurons interconnected via complex axonal circuits with varying architectures. Neural pathologies are often associated anatomical changes in these projections and synaptic connections. Notably, density variations of local long-range increase or decrease as a function the strengthening weakening, respectively, information flow between regions. Traditionally, histological quantification inputs relied on assessing mean fluorescence intensity within rectangle placed region-of-inter-est. Despite yielding valuable insights, this conventional method is notably susceptible to background fluorescence, post-acquisition adjustments, inter-researcher variability. Additionally, it fails account for non-uniform innervation across regions, thus overlooking critical data such percentages distribution patterns. In response challenges, we introduce AxoDen, an open-source semi-automated platform designed speed rigor axon quantifications basic neuroscience discovery. AxoDen processes user-defined regions-of-interests incorporating dynamic thresholding grayscales-transformed images facilitate binarized pixel measure-ments. Thereby segregates image content into signal non-signal categories, effectively eliminating interference enabling exclusive measurement from projections. provides detailed accurate representations spatial distribution. AxoDen’s advanced yet user-friendly enhances reliability efficiency analysis facilitates access unbiased high-quality no technical coding experience required. freely available everyone tool dissecting patterns precisely defined

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1