Origin and evolution of microvilli
Biology of the Cell,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
116(11)
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2024
Abstract
Background
Information
Microvilli
are
finger‐like,
straight,
and
stable
cellular
protrusions
that
filled
with
F‐actin
present
a
stereotypical
length.
They
in
broad
range
of
cell
types
across
the
animal
tree
life
mediate
several
fundamental
functions,
including
nutrient
absorption,
photosensation,
mechanosensation.
Therefore,
understanding
origin
evolution
microvilli
is
key
to
reconstructing
form
function.
Here,
we
review
current
state
knowledge
on
perform
bioinformatic
survey
conservation
genes
encoding
microvillar
proteins
animals
their
unicellular
relatives.
Results
We
first
detailed
description
mammalian
based
two
well‐studied
examples,
brush
border
enterocytes
stereocilia
hair
cells.
also
broader
diversity
discuss
similarities
differences
between
filopodia.
Based
our
coupled
carefully
reconstructed
molecular
phylogenies,
reconstitute
order
evolutionary
appearance
proteins.
document
stepwise
assembly
“molecular
toolkit”
notable
bursts
innovation
at
nodes:
last
common
filozoan
ancestor
(correlated
distinct
from
filopodia)
choanozoan
emergence
inter‐microvillar
adhesions).
Conclusion
Significance
conclude
scenario
for
filopodia‐like
ancestral
structures
precursors
animals.
Язык: Английский
Chromatin profiling identifies putative dual roles for H3K27me3 in regulating transposons and cell type-specific genes in choanoflagellates
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 30, 2024
Gene
expression
is
tightly
controlled
during
animal
development
to
allow
the
formation
of
specialized
cell
types.
Our
understanding
how
animals
evolved
this
exquisite
regulatory
control
remains
elusive,
but
evidence
suggests
that
changes
in
chromatin-based
mechanisms
may
have
contributed.
To
investigate
possibility,
here
we
examine
gene
features
closest
relatives
animals,
choanoflagellates.
Using
Salpingoeca
rosetta
as
a
model
system,
examined
chromatin
accessibility
and
histone
modifications
at
genome
scale
compared
these
expression.
We
first
observed
accessible
regions
are
primarily
associated
with
promoters
found
no
distal
elements
resembling
enhancers
deploy
regulate
developmental
Remarkably,
modification
deposited
by
polycomb
repressive
complex
2,
H3
lysine
27
trimethylation
(H3K27me3),
appeared
function
similarly
S.
its
role
because
decorated
genes
type-specific
Additionally,
H3K27me3
marked
transposons,
retaining
what
appears
be
an
ancestral
regulating
elements.
further
uncovered
putative
new
bivalent
state
consists
4
mono-methylation
(H3K4me1).
Together,
our
discoveries
support
scenario
gene-associated
states
underpin
emerged
before
evolution
multicellularity.
Язык: Английский
A fast and robust gene knockout method for Salpingoeca rosetta clarifies the genetics of choanoflagellate multicellular development
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024
Abstract
As
the
closest
living
relatives
of
animals,
choanoflagellates
have
brought
crucial
information
to
reconstruct
evolutionary
origin
animals.
Notably,
certain
choanoflagellate
species
can
engage
in
facultative
multicellular
development
resembling
early
stages
embryogenesis.
In
past
few
years,
Salpingoeca
rosetta
has
emerged
as
a
tractable
model
for
cell
biology
and
development,
notably
through
mutant
screens
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated
gene
knockout
(KO).
However,
existing
KO
pipelines
variable
sometimes
low
efficiency,
frequently
requiring
isolation
genotyping
hundreds
clones
without
guarantee
obtain
strain.
Here,
we
present
robust
method
inactivation
S.
that
relies
on
insertion
by
CRISPR/Cas9
single
1.9
kb
cassette
encoding
both
premature
termination
sequence
an
antibiotic
resistance
gene.
We
show
this
approach
allows
robust,
fast
efficient
after
selection.
proof
principle,
first
knocked
out
all
three
genes
previously
proposed
regulate
published
screen
(
rosetteless
,
couscous
jumble
),
confirmed
KOs
abolished
development.
Whole
genome
sequencing
revealed
unique
specific
termination/resistance
strains.
To
showcase
potential
de
novo
characterization
candidate
developmental
genes,
then
inactivated
homologs
components
Hippo
pathway,
which
controls
proliferation
size
animals:
hippo
warts
yorkie
.
Interestingly,
rosettes
were
consistently
about
twice
larger
than
their
wild-type
counterparts,
indicating
our
pipeline
rapidly
reveal
novel
loss-of-function
phenotypes
biological
interest.
propose
accelerate
functional
genetics.
Язык: Английский
The evolution of multicellularity and cell differentiation symposium: bridging evolutionary cell biology and computational modelling using emerging model systems
Biology Open,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(10)
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024
'The
evolution
of
multicellularity
and
cell
differentiation'
symposium,
organized
as
part
the
EuroEvoDevo
2024
meeting
on
June
25-28th
in
Helsinki
(Finland),
addressed
recent
advances
molecular
mechanistic
basis
for
differentiation
eukaryotes.
The
symposium
involved
over
100
participants
brought
together
10
speakers
at
diverse
career
stages.
Talks
covered
various
topics
interface
developmental
biology,
evolutionary
comparative
genomics,
computational
ecology
using
animal,
protist,
algal
mathematical
models.
This
offered
a
unique
opportunity
interdisciplinary
dialog
among
researchers
working
different
systems,
especially
promoting
collaborations
aligning
strategies
studying
emerging
model
species.
Moreover,
it
fostered
opportunities
to
promote
early
field
opened
discussions
ongoing
work
unpublished
results.
In
this
Meeting
Review,
we
aim
research,
capture
spirit
meeting,
present
key
discussed
within
dynamic,
growing
open
community.
Язык: Английский