The molecular hallmarks of epigenetic control

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 17(8), С. 487 - 500

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2016

Язык: Английский

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DNA Methylation in Mammals

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 6(5), С. a019133 - a019133

Опубликована: Май 1, 2014

En Li1 and Yi Zhang2 1China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China 2Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Correspondence: en.li{at}novartis.com

Язык: Английский

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Position-Effect Variegation, Heterochromatin Formation, and Gene Silencing in Drosophila

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 5(8), С. a017780 - a017780

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2013

Sarah C.R. Elgin1 and Gunter Reuter2 1Department of Biology, CB-1137, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 2Institute Developmental Genetics, Martin Luther University Halle, D-06120 Germany Correspondence: selgin{at}biology.wustl.edu

Язык: Английский

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Somatic embryogenesis — Stress-induced remodeling of plant cell fate

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 1849(4), С. 385 - 402

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic regulatory functions of DNA modifications: 5-methylcytosine and beyond

Epigenetics & Chromatin, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2015

The chemical modification of DNA bases plays a key role in epigenetic gene regulation. While much attention has been focused on the classical mark, 5-methylcytosine, field garnered increased interest through recent discovery additional modifications. In this review, we focus regulatory roles modifications animals. We present symmetric 5-methylcytosine CpG dinucleotide as feature, because it permits inheritance methylation patterns replication. However, distribution cytosine are not conserved animals and independent molecular functions will likely be identified. Furthermore, enzymes that catalyse hydroxylation to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine only identified an active demethylation pathway, but also candidate for new mark associated with activated transcription. Most recently, N6-methyladenine was described eukaryotic potential. Interestingly, is genomes lack canonical patterns, suggesting functions. This newfound diversity their potential combinatorial interactions indicates code substantially more complex than previously thought.

Язык: Английский

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RNAi and Heterochromatin Assembly

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 7(8), С. a019323 - a019323

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2015

Robert Martienssen1 and Danesh Moazed2 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Harbor, New York 11724 2Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5730 Correspondence: danesh{at}hms.harvard.edu

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic Regulation in Plant Responses to the Environment

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 6(9), С. a019471 - a019471

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2014

In this article, we review environmentally mediated epigenetic regulation in plants using two case histories. One of these, vernalization, mediates adaptation to different environments and it exemplifies processes that are reset each generation. The other, virus-induced silencing, involves transgenerationally inherited modifications. Heritable marks may result heritable phenotypic variation, influencing fitness, so be subject natural selection. However, unlike genetic inheritance, the modifications show instability influenced by environment. These histories then compared with other phenomena plant biology likely represent response

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetics of Modified DNA Bases: 5-Methylcytosine and Beyond

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2018

Modification of DNA bases plays vital roles in the epigenetic control gene expression both animals and plants. Though much attention is given to conventional signature 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), field epigenetics attracting increased scientific interest through discovery additional modifications their controlling expression. Theoretically, each can be modified; however, cytosine adenine only are known so far. This review focuses on recent findings well-studied yet poorly characterized modification which serve as an layer regulation discuss potential Cytosine at symmetric (CG, CHG) asymmetric (CHH) contexts a key feature. In addition ROS1 family mediated demethylation, Ten-Eleven Translocation proteins-mediated hydroxylation 5-mC 5-hydroxymethylcytosine active demethylation pathway also discussed. The marks associated with several cellular developmental processes, pluripotency stem cells, neuron cell development, tumor development animals. Therefore, most recently discovered N6-methyladenine, mark regulatory potential, described. Interestingly, these newly found genomes lack canonical 5-mC, signifying independent functions. These modified considered important players epigenomics. for combinatorial interaction among suggests that codon likely substantially more complicated than it thought today.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome Selection Could Spur Next-Generation Plant Breeding Strategies

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2016

"No plant is an island too…" Plants, though sessile, have developed a unique strategy to counter biotic and abiotic stresses by symbiotically co-evolving with microorganisms tapping into their genome for this purpose. Soil the bank of microbial diversity from which selectively sources its microbiome suit needs. Besides soil, seeds, carry genetic blueprint plants during trans-generational propagation, are home diverse microbiota that acts as principal source inoculum in crop cultivation. Overall, ensconced both on outside inside assemblage microbiota. Together, genes harbors different tissues, i.e., 'plant microbiome,' form holobiome now considered unit selection: 'the holobiont.' The microbiome' not only helps remain fit but also offers critical variability, hitherto, employed breeding breeders, who traditionally exploited variability host developing high yielding or disease tolerant drought resistant varieties. This fresh knowledge microbiome, particularly rhizosphere, offering plants, opens up new horizons could usher cultivation next-generation crops depending less inorganic inputs, insect pest diseases resilient climatic perturbations. We surmise, ever increasing evidences, symbionts need be co-propagated life-long partners future strategies breeding. In perspective, we propose bottom-up approach co-propagate co-evolved, along target through - (i) reciprocal soil transplantation method, (ii) artificial ecosystem selection method synthetic inocula, (iii) exploration microRNA transfer realizing approach. Our aim, thus, bring closer information accrued advanced nucleotide sequencing bioinformatics conjunction conventional culture-dependent isolation practical application overall agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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50 years of Arabidopsis research: highlights and future directions

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 209(3), С. 921 - 944

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2015

Summary The year 2014 marked the 25 th International Conference on Arabidopsis Research. In 50 yr since first Research, held in 1965 Göttingen, Germany, > 54 000 papers that mention thaliana title, abstract or keywords have been published. We present herein a citational network analysis of these papers, and touch some important discoveries plant biology made this powerful model system, highlight how then had an impact crop species. also look to future, highlighting outstanding questions can be readily addressed Arabidopsis. Topics are discussed include reverse genetic resources, stock centers, databases online tools, cell biology, development, hormones, immunity, signaling response abiotic stress, transporters, biosynthesis cells walls macromolecules such as starch lipids, epigenetics epigenomics, genome‐wide association studies natural variation, gene regulatory networks, modeling systems synthetic biology. Contents 922 I. Introduction brief survey 033 publications II. genetics: paving way for function III. centers 925 IV. Databases tools V. Cell 926 VI. Development 927 VII. Hormones 928 VIII. immune system research 929 IX. Signaling stress 930 X. Pumps, channels, transporters like 931 XI. walls, lipids 932 XII. Epigenetics epigenomics: from genotype phenotype 933 XIII. Natural variation 934 XIV. Gene networks XV. Modeling, bioinformatics, 935 XVI. Synthetic 936 XVII. Conclusions outlook 937 Acknowledgements References

Язык: Английский

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