Diatom Molecular Research Comes of Age: Model Species for Studying Phytoplankton Biology and Diversity

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 32(3), С. 547 - 572

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2019

Diatoms are the world's most diverse group of algae, comprising at least 100,000 species. Contributing ~20% annual global carbon fixation, they underpin major aquatic food webs and drive biogeochemical cycles. Over past two decades, Thalassiosira pseudonana Phaeodactylum tricornutum have become important model systems for diatom molecular research, ranging from cell biology to ecophysiology, due their rapid growth rates, small genomes, cumulative wealth associated genetic resources. To explore evolutionary divergence diatoms, additional species emerging, such as Fragilariopsis cylindrus Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. Here, we describe how functional genomics reverse genetics contributed our understanding this class microalgae in context evolution, biology, metabolic adaptations. Our review will also highlight promising areas investigation into diversity these photosynthetic organisms, including discovery new pathways governing life secondary plastid-bearing organisms environments.

Язык: Английский

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Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for efficient biohydrogen production – Recent insights and future perspectives

Bioresource Technology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 302, С. 122871 - 122871

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Pyrenoids: CO2-fixing phase separated liquid organelles

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1868(5), С. 118949 - 118949

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Green Algal Models for Multicellularity

Annual Review of Genetics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55(1), С. 603 - 632

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2021

The repeated evolution of multicellularity across the tree life has profoundly affected ecology and nearly all on Earth. Many these origins were in different groups photosynthetic eukaryotes, or algae. Here, we review genetics several green algae, which include closest relatives land plants. These millimeter-scale, motile spheroids up to 50,000 cells volvocine algae; decimeter-scale seaweeds genus Ulva (sea lettuce); very plantlike, meter-scale freshwater algae Chara (stoneworts). We also describe Caulerpa, are giant, multinucleate, morphologically complex single cells. In each case, cycle, phylogeny, traits relevant multicellularity, genetic genomic resources available for group question. Finally, suggest routes toward developing as model organisms multicellularity.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative genomics of Chlamydomonas

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(4), С. 1016 - 1041

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2021

Despite its role as a reference organism in the plant sciences, green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii entirely lacks genomic resources from closely related species. We present highly contiguous and well-annotated genome assemblies for three unicellular C. relatives: incerta, schloesseri, more distantly Edaphochlamys debaryana. The genomes are syntenous with similar gene contents, although 129.2 Mb incerta 130.2 schloesseri repeat-rich than 111.1 genome. identify major centromeric repeat LINE transposable element homologous to Zepp (the Coccomyxa subellipsoidea) infer that centromere locations structure likely conserved schloesseri. report extensive rearrangements, but limited turnover, between minus mating type loci of these produce an eight-species core-Reinhardtinia whole-genome alignment, which we use several hundred false positive missing genes annotation >260,000 evolutionarily elements In summary, will enable comparative genomics analyses reinhardtii, significantly extending analytical toolkit this emerging model system.

Язык: Английский

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The Chlamydomonas Genome Project, version 6: Reference assemblies for mating-type plus and minus strains reveal extensive structural mutation in the laboratory

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(2), С. 644 - 672

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2022

Abstract Five versions of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reference genome have been produced over last two decades. Here we present version 6, bringing significant advances in assembly quality and structural annotations. PacBio-based chromosome-level assemblies for laboratory strains, CC-503 CC-4532, provide resources plus minus mating-type alleles. We corrected major misassemblies previous validated our via linkage analyses. Contiguity increased ten-fold >80% filled gaps are within genes. used Iso-Seq deep RNA-seq datasets to improve annotations, updated gene symbols textual annotation functionally characterized genes extensive manual curation. discovered that cell wall-less classical strain exhibits genomic instability potentially caused by deletion helicase RECQ3, with mutations identified affect >100 therefore CC-4532 as primary reference, although this also carries unique is experiencing rapid proliferation a Gypsy retrotransposon. expect all strains harbor gene-disrupting mutations, which should be considered when interpreting comparing experimental results. Collectively, presented here herald new era genomics will foundation continued research important organism.

Язык: Английский

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The extracellular matrix of green algae

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 194(1), С. 15 - 32

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

Abstract Green algae display a wide range of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that include various types cell walls (CW), scales, crystalline glycoprotein coverings, hydrophobic compounds, and complex gels or mucilage. Recently, new information derived from genomic/transcriptomic screening, advanced biochemical analyses, immunocytochemical studies, ecophysiology has significantly enhanced refined our understanding the green algal ECM. In later diverging charophyte group algae, CW other ECM provide insight into evolution plants ways modulates during environmental stress. Chlorophytes produce diverse components, many which have been exploited for uses in medicine, food, biofuel production. This review highlights major advances studies algae.

Язык: Английский

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The synthetic future of algal genomes

Cell Genomics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(3), С. 100505 - 100505

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Algae are diverse organisms with significant biotechnological potential for resource circularity. Taking inspiration from fermentative microbes, engineering algal genomes holds promise to broadly expand their application ranges. Advances in genome sequencing improvements DNA synthesis and delivery techniques enabling customized molecular tool development confer advanced traits algae. Efforts redesign rebuild entire create fit-for-purpose currently being explored heterotrophic prokaryotes eukaryotic microbes could also be applied photosynthetic Future will enhance yields of native products permit the expression complex biochemical pathways produce novel metabolites sustainable inputs. We present a historical perspective on advances algae, discuss requisite genetic enable optimization, take whole-genome efforts other systems, candidate species context these goals.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular-level architecture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii’s glycoprotein-rich cell wall

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

Microalgae are a renewable and promising biomass for large-scale biofuel, food nutrient production. However, their efficient exploitation depends on our knowledge of the cell wall composition organization as it can limit access to high-value molecules. Here we provide an atomic-level model non-crystalline water-insoluble glycoprotein-rich Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using in situ solid-state sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance, reveal unprecedented details protein carbohydrate nanoscale heterogeneity, well presence spatially segregated protein- glycan-rich regions with different dynamics hydration levels. We show that mannose-rich lower-molecular-weight proteins likely contribute cohesion by binding high-molecular weight components, water provides plasticity cell-wall architecture. The structural insight exemplifies strategies used nature form walls devoid cellulose or other glycan polymers.

Язык: Английский

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How Do Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Use Plant Hormones to Regulate Stress Reactions?

Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(17), С. 2371 - 2371

Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2024

Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating growth, productivity, and development while also aiding the response to diverse environmental changes, encompassing both biotic abiotic factors. Phytohormone levels soil plant tissues are influenced by specific bacteria, leading direct effects on development, stress tolerance. Specific growth-promoting bacteria can either synthesize or degrade phytohormones. Moreover, wide range of volatile organic compounds synthesized have been found influence expression Bacteria-plant interactions become more significant under conditions such as saline soils, drought, heavy metal pollution. function synergistic antagonistic manner rather than isolation. The study involves approaches, identifying singular substances hormones, comparing mutant non-mutant bacterial strains, screening for individual gene presence, utilizing omics approaches analysis. Each approach uncovers concealed aspects concerning plants. Publications that prioritize comprehensive examination private PGPB cultivated utmost significance advancing practical application microbial biofertilizers. This review explores potential PGPB-plant promoting sustainable agriculture. We summarize interactions, focusing mechanisms through which beneficial effect growth via phytohormones, with particular emphasis detecting synthesis phytohormones bacteria.

Язык: Английский

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