Integrated Sensing and Communications: Toward Dual-Functional Wireless Networks for 6G and Beyond

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 40(6), С. 1728 - 1767

Опубликована: Март 17, 2022

As the standardization of 5G solidifies, researchers are speculating what 6G will be. The integration sensing functionality is emerging as a key feature Radio Access Network (RAN), allowing for exploitation dense cell infrastructures to construct perceptive network. In this IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC) Special Issue overview, we provide comprehensive review background, range applications and state-of-the-art approaches Integrated Sensing (ISAC). We commence by discussing interplay between communications (S&C) from historical point view, then consider multiple facets ISAC resulting performance gains. By introducing both ongoing potential use cases, shed light industrial progress activities related ISAC. analyze number tradeoffs S&C, spanning information theoretical limits physical layer tradeoffs, cross-layer design tradeoffs. Next, discuss signal processing aspects ISAC, namely waveform receive processing. step further, our vision deeper S&C within framework networks, where two functionalities expected mutually assist each other, i.e., via communication-assisted sensing-assisted communications. Finally, identify with other communication technologies, their positive impacts future wireless networks.

Язык: Английский

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Principles and Opportunities

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(3), С. 1546 - 1577

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), also known as reflecting (IRSs), or large (LISs), ¹ have received significant attention for their potential to enhance the capacity and coverage of wireless networks by smartly reconfiguring propagation environment. Therefore, RISs are considered a promising technology sixth-generation (6G) communication networks. In this context, we provide comprehensive overview state-of-the-art on RISs, with focus operating principles, performance evaluation, beamforming design resource management, applications machine learning RIS-enhanced networks, well integration other emerging technologies. We describe basic principles both from physics communications perspectives, based which present evaluation multiantenna assisted RIS systems. addition, systematically survey existing designs encompassing analysis, information theory, optimization perspectives. Furthermore, research contributions that apply tackling challenges in dynamic scenarios, such random fluctuations channels user mobility Last but not least, identify major issues opportunities associated technologies next-generation ¹ Without loss generality, use name remainder paper.

Язык: Английский

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Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting (STAR) RIS Aided Wireless Communications

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(5), С. 3083 - 3098

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2021

The novel concept of simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is investigated, where the incident wireless signal divided into transmitted reflected signals passing both sides space surrounding surface, thus facilitating a full-space manipulation propagation. Based on introduced basic model ‘STAR’, three practical operating protocols for STAR-RISs are proposed, namely energy splitting (ES), mode switching (MS), time (TS). Moreover, STAR-RIS aided downlink communication system considered unicast multicast transmission, multi-antenna base station (BS) sends information to two users, i.e., one each side STAR-RIS. A power consumption minimization problem joint optimization active beamforming at BS passive transmission reflection formulated proposed protocols, subject rate constraints users. For ES, resulting highly-coupled non-convex solved by an iterative algorithm, which exploits penalty method successive convex approximation. Then, penalty-based algorithm extended solve mixed-integer MS. TS, decomposed subproblems, can be consecutively using state-of-the-art algorithms techniques. Finally, our numerical results reveal that: 1) TS ES generally preferable respectively; 2) required scenarios significantly reduced employing instead conventional reflecting/transmitting-only RISs.

Язык: Английский

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Edge Artificial Intelligence for 6G: Vision, Enabling Technologies, and Applications

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 40(1), С. 5 - 36

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2021

The thriving of artificial intelligence (AI) applications is driving the further evolution wireless networks. It has been envisioned that 6G will be transformative and revolutionize from "connected things" to intelligence". However, state-of-the-art deep learning big data analytics based AI systems require tremendous computation communication resources, causing significant latency, energy consumption, network congestion, privacy leakage in both training inference processes. By embedding model capabilities into edge, edge stands out as a disruptive technology for seamlessly integrate sensing, communication, computation, intelligence, thereby improving efficiency, effectiveness, privacy, security In this paper, we shall provide our vision scalable trustworthy with integrated design strategies decentralized machine models. New principles networks, service-driven resource allocation optimization methods, well holistic end-to-end system architecture support described. Standardization, software hardware platforms, application scenarios are also discussed facilitate industrialization commercialization systems.

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Overview on 5G-and-Beyond Networks With UAVs: From Communications to Sensing and Intelligence

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 39(10), С. 2912 - 2945

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2021

Due to the advancements in cellular technologies and dense deployment of infrastructure, integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into fifth-generation (5G) beyond networks is a promising solution achieve safe UAV operation as well enabling diversified applications with mission-specific payload data delivery. In particular, 5G need support three typical usage scenarios, namely, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type (mMTC). On one hand, UAVs can be leveraged cost-effective platforms provide ground users communication services by exploiting their high cruising altitude controllable maneuverability three-dimensional (3D) space. other providing such simultaneously for both poses new challenges due ubiquitous 3D signal coverage strong air-ground network interference. Besides requirement high-performance wireless communications, ability effective efficient sensing intelligence also essential 5G-and-beyond heterogeneous coexisting users. this paper, we comprehensive overview latest research efforts on networks, an emphasis how exploit advanced techniques (e.g., intelligent reflecting surface, short packet transmission, energy harvesting, joint radar sensing, edge intelligence) meet service requirements next-generation systems. Moreover, highlight important directions further investigation future work.

Язык: Английский

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A signal processing perspective with wireless applications

IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 39(2), С. 135 - 158

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022

Antenna array technology enables the directional transmission and reception of wireless signals for communication, localization, sensing purposes. The signal processing algorithms that underpin it began to be developed several decades ago [1] , but was with deployment 5G mobile networks became mainstream rid="ref2" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[2] . number antenna elements in arrays base stations (BSs) user devices can measured on order hundreds tens, respectively. As shift toward using higher-frequency bands, more antennas fit into a given aperture. For communication purposes, are harnessed form beams desired directions improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) multiplex data spatial domain (to one or multiple devices) suppress interference by filtering localization these employed maintain SNR when operating across wider bandwidths, angle-of-arrival estimation, separate sources scatterers rid="ref3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[3] practical use features requires each is equipped well-designed algorithms.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of NOMA Toward Next Generation Multiple Access (NGMA) for 6G

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 40(4), С. 1037 - 1071

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

Due to the explosive growth in number of wireless devices and diverse services, such as virtual/augmented reality Internet-of-Everything, next generation networks face unprecedented challenges caused by heterogeneous data traffic, massive connectivity, ultra-high bandwidth efficiency ultra-low latency requirements. To address these challenges, advanced multiple access schemes are expected be developed, namely (NGMA), which capable supporting numbers users a more resource- complexity-efficient manner than existing schemes. As research on NGMA is very early stage, this paper, we explore evolution with particular focus non-orthogonal (NOMA), i.e., transition from NOMA NGMA. In particular, first review fundamental capacity limits NOMA, elaborate new requirements for NGMA, discuss several possible candidate techniques. Moreover, given high compatibility flexibility provide an overview current efforts multi-antenna techniques promising future application scenarios interplay between other emerging physical layer Furthermore, mathematical tools facilitating design communication systems, including conventional optimization approaches machine learning Next, propose unified framework based antennas where both downlink uplink transmissions considered, thus setting foundation area. Finally, practical implementation highlighted motivation work.

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for RIS/IRS-Aided Wireless Systems

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(5), С. 883 - 917

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

In the past as well present wireless communication systems, propagation environment is regarded an uncontrollable black box that impairs received signal quality, and its negative impacts are compensated for by relying on design of various sophisticated transmission/reception schemes. However, improvements through applying such schemes operating only at two endpoints (i.e., transmitter receiver) limited even after five generations systems. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) or reflecting (IRS) have emerged a new promising technology can configure in favorable manner properly tuning phase shifts large number quasi passive low-cost elements, thus standing out candidate next/sixth-generation (6G) system. to reap performance benefits promised RIS/IRS, efficient processing techniques crucial, variety purposes channel estimation, transmission design, radio localization, so on. this paper, we provide comprehensive overview recent advances RIS/IRS-aided systems from perspective.We also highlight research directions worthy investigation future.

Язык: Английский

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RIS-Aided Wireless Communications: Prototyping, Adaptive Beamforming, and Indoor/Outdoor Field Trials

IEEE Transactions on Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 69(12), С. 8627 - 8640

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2021

The prospects of using a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) to aid wireless communication systems have recently received much attention from academia and industry. Most papers make theoretical studies based on elementary models, while the prototyping RIS-aided real-world field trials are scarce. In this paper, we describe new RIS prototype consisting 1100 controllable elements working at 5.8 GHz band. We propose an efficient algorithm for configuring over air by exploiting geometrical array properties practical receiver-RIS feedback link. our indoor test, where transmitter receiver separated 30 cm thick concrete wall, provides 26 dB power gain compared baseline case is replaced copper plate. A 27 was observed in short-distance outdoor measurement. also carried out long-distance measurements successfully transmitted 32 Mbps data stream 500 m. 1080p video live-streamed it only played smoothly when utilized. consumption around 1 W. Our paper vivid proof that very promising technology future communications.

Язык: Английский

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A Survey on Channel Estimation and Practical Passive Beamforming Design for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Communications

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(2), С. 1035 - 1071

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as a key enabling technology to realize smart and reconfigurable radio environment for wireless communications, by digitally controlling the signal reflection via large number of passive elements in real time. Different from conventional communication techniques that only adapt but have no or limited control over dynamic channels, IRS provides new cost-effective means combat channel impairments proactive manner. However, despite its great potential, faces unique challenges efficient integration into systems, especially estimation beamforming design under various practical hardware constraints. In this paper, we provide comprehensive survey on up-to-date research IRS-aided with an emphasis promising solutions tackle issues. Furthermore, discuss emerging architectures applications well their problems motivate future research.

Язык: Английский

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