Improving Forensic Expert Decision-Making through Deliberate Practice

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

Forensic experts make important decisions to address legal questions, yet there is now ample evidence that their can be subjective and inconsistent. This commentary suggests elements of deliberate practice may help in not only having more consistent forensic decisions, but also towards expected accuracy. Specifically, four practice: (1) setting a goal, (2) motivation, (3) feedback, (4) repetition are outlined with examples for addressing issues cognitive bias managing stress at work. If any these missing, such as delayed or no then suboptimal improvement experts’ decision-making result. tool deliberately improving applicable other professionals; thus, potentially driving policies enhancing the criminal justice system broadly.

Язык: Английский

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On the Importance of Recognition and Mitigation of Bias in Forensic Science

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 89 - 112

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Postmortem Gone Astray—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Forensic Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(2), С. 243 - 256

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Premortem clinical diagnoses and postmortem autopsy findings do not match historically. These clinicopathological discrepancies are expected to be higher during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due increased pressure on healthcare. At same time, autopsies accurately display quality of healthcare system. To assess that, we examined relevant works literature according PRISMA-based protocol. As a discrepancy rate change-related antemortem scrutiny medical care in hospital, also checked whether studies with patients from intensive unit (ICU) differed significantly. We found similar overall risk differences “pre-COVID” “during pandemic” groups studies. Based this, concluded that did drop significantly pandemic. Be as it may, exposed some shortcomings mortem regarding consensus autopsy, organ retention, burial, postponed burial or digitalization All these issues should addressed future.

Язык: Английский

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Commentary on: Downing NR, Scafide KN, Ali Z, Hayat MJ. Visibility of inflicted bruises by alternate light: Results of a randomized controlled trial. J Forensic Sci. 2024;69(3):880–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556‐4029.15481

Journal of Forensic Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 69(6), С. 2339 - 2341

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024

We read with interest the article by Downing NR, et al. regarding use of alternate light to view bruises [1]. agree authors that identification injuries in patients who have experienced physical violence is important. As colleagues are forensic medicine experts, we recognize importance visualizing cases interpersonal violence, especially individuals darkly pigmented skin, so applaud your research on this issue. Practitioners need be as accurate possible their evaluation. The tools assist can very helpful. also sciences and associated analysis or evaluation must remain valid not utilize "presumptive tests without confirmation" lacking "reliability, reproducibility, repeatability, replicability" [2, 3]. When reading article, were struck remarkable similarity methods previous publications these topic [4, 5]. All three studies same number 157 participants. This study published 2020 describe methodology "quota sampling" "recruit equal numbers healthy participants." 2022, however, stated "a convenience sample subjects" was obtained. If participants, then statement 2022 publication about how participants recruited appears incorrect potentially misleading. concerned multiple analyzing data set create an improper opportunity for bias post hoc error. found a both 415 nm ALS yellow filter 450 "optimal detecting evidence bruising known trauma" [5]. apparent from table 5 [4]. With current publication, state "only 415nm viewed through resulted clinically meaningful improvement (0.46 points) visibility rating when compared white light." [1] In figure 1, study, find it difficult visually discern any difference between various frequencies used skin dark skin. Additionally, noted all modalities had reduced visualization bruises; no modality clearly better most color categories. Reviewing 2 recent paper shows did high improvement, but only other assessment above 0.2. How should reader what score would be? Based upon described authors, they constructed novel bruise absorption using visual analog scale ranging 1 defined labels at 3, 5. provide discussion determined reliability, validity, accuracy tool. methods, do amount believed constitute prior analysis. value 0.50 chosen authors? unable tell based publication. Using value, appear concluded 12.5% "clinically improvement." Their change within starting ending represents 0.5 one-eighth length scale. actual calculated (0.46), 11.5% change, own statement, result "approaches increase" exceed it. Despite observation under improvement; believe conclusion incorrect, supported data. Because "bruise score" nor "absorption score"; comparison, suggest analogy interpret be. Visual pain scores scales robust history medical literature [6]. For scale, minimum important ranges around 10–20 mm [7, 8]. These values represent considered significant difference. where injury present location being viewed, barely achieved range. real world, patient injury, observed ideal will too low useful. conclusions, increased "could corroborate reduce disparities persons colors." Table 2, show tones tones. 0.34, significantly lower than 0.71 indicated visualization. see presence bruises, since bruises. implications, encourage clinicians "follow guidelines" AtLAST [9]. note guidelines acknowledge limitations ALS. "Whether positive negative absorption, findings diagnostic absence injury." Following recommended leads question if has utility evaluating bruising, particularly injury. While explicitly paper, seen promulgated tool detect normal during examination. implication clear authors' writing say "ALS conjunction patients' report trauma"; states occurred clinician conclude bruise. unseen invisible been declared true court nurses [10], media advocates, notably institution some [11]. AtLast silent whether occult (i.e., light), latest International Association Forensic Nurses may "help enhance light" [12]. firmly reliably accurately which light. strongly advocate against extreme caution applying clinical practice, interpretation injury's great legal importance. optimistic minimally Perhaps small validated confirmation control group does blunt different Until provided confusing examiner able better, way, environment indicates routinely patients, visible observation.

Язык: Английский

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Improving forensic examiner decision‐making through deliberate practice

Journal of Forensic Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 69(6), С. 1943 - 1947

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024

Forensic examiners make important decisions to address legal questions, yet there is now ample evidence that their can be subjective and inconsistent. This commentary suggests elements of deliberate practice may help in not only having more consistent forensic but also toward expected accuracy. Specifically, four practice: (1) setting a goal, (2) motivation, (3) feedback, (4) repetition are outlined with examples for addressing issues cognitive bias managing stress at work. If any these missing, such as delayed or no then suboptimal improvement examiners' decision-making result. tool deliberately improving applicable other professionals; thus, potentially driving policies enhance the criminal justice system broadly.

Язык: Английский

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Forensic Examinations in Cases of Mistaken Biometric Identification

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(3), С. 88 - 102

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2024

In connection with innovation of modern biometric technologies in various spheres life, both at the levels individuals and State, there exists an increasing risk serious negative consequences potentially possible mistaken identifications. Such cases already happened Russia abroad. course legal proceedings on facts identity its consequences, forensic examinations are carried out most cases. Depending type registration identification system, computer-technical, traceological, portrait, video technical as well medical examination other medicolegal assigned. The article gives assessment legality scientific validity performing anthropometric photographs recordings suspects captured them.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the Veil of Cognitive Bias in Forensic Medicine Decisions

The Saudi Journal of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(1), С. 1 - 3

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract The practice of forensic medicine and pathology, as other specialties that are based on cognitive abilities, is greatly impacted by bias. In this article, the effects bias pathologists emphasized with a particular focus how opinions different parts death report might be distorted irrelevant information, including circumstances death. professionals encouraged to use structured methods for making decisions give weight medically pertinent data reduce impact unimportant background information. article promotes development frameworks policies training programs lessen in hope improving objectivity dependability findings. Reducing essential maintaining credibility science well ensuring people treated fairly legal system.

Язык: Английский

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The application of template matching and novel unsupervised and supervised machine learning methodology to forensic hair analysis

Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Análisis e implementación de estrategias para prevenir o atenuar la “contaminación” cognitiva en la obtención, análisis e interpretación de las pruebas científico-forenses en el proceso penal

Ciencia policial:, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 183, С. 43 - 89

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2024

Durante la obtención, análisis e interpretación de las pruebas científico-forenses en un procedimiento judicial, siempre intervienen los sesgos cognitivos. Estos afectan a decisiones que conducen imposición una condena puede no tener nada ver con verdad lo pasó y ser todo contrario justa se pretende. Hay numerosos estudios describen cognitivos, cómo actúan sobre expertos inexpertos, han afectado procedimientos judiciales dando lugar puesta libertad cientos personas sido ingresados prisión injustamente. Implementar medidas estandarizados disminuyan contribuir el precio ha pagar por error judicial sea tan alto. Los son inconscientes inherentes al humano, conocer sus fuentes su origen permite entender cuáles factores pueden influir tratan esclarecer solo conocen autor, víctima o testigo rara vez cuentan misma historia. Es posible minimizar efectos. Existen estrategias evitar influyan expertos, que, hasta hace poco, pensaba eran fruto razonamiento lógico, científico jurídico. En este trabajo, enumeran muchas literatura científica propone para conseguirlo, orientadas hacia entorno intervenir todas etapas investigación alcanzar legitimidad amparo jurídico deseado. Resulta muy difícil reunir tantas ciencias sola, forense, aplicarla teniendo cuenta psicológicos del individuo, parecen infinitos.

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