Early evidence of the impact of cannabis legalization on cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and the use of other substances: Findings from state policy evaluations

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 45(6), С. 644 - 663

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2019

Background: The past decade has seen unprecedented shifts in the cannabis policy environment, and public health impacts of these changes will hinge on how they affect patterns use harms associated with other substances.Objectives: To review existing research state substance use, emphasizing studies using methods for causal inference highlighting gaps our understanding evolving markets.Methods: Narrative quasi-experimental medical laws (MCLs) recreational (RCLs) disorders, as well or from alcohol, opioids, tobacco.Results: Research suggests MCLs increase adult but not adolescent provisions less regulated supply may disorders. These reduce some opioid-related harms, while their alcohol tobacco remain uncertain. RCLs is just emerging, findings suggest little impact prevalence potential increases college student unknown effects use.Conclusions: influence advanced importance heterogeneity policies, populations, market dynamics, relate to often ignore factors. Understanding requires greater attention differences short- versus long-term laws, nuances policies consumption, careful consideration appropriate control groups.

Язык: Английский

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Time trends in US cannabis use and cannabis use disorders overall and by sociodemographic subgroups: a narrative review and new findings

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 45(6), С. 623 - 643

Опубликована: Март 14, 2019

Background: Due to significant comorbidity and impairment associated with cannabis use disorder, understanding time trends in disorder is an important public health priority.Objectives: To identify overall, by sociodemographic subgroup.Methods: Narrative review of published findings on disorders data from repeated cross-sectional US general population surveys. In addition, National Epidemiologic Survey Alcohol Related Conditions (NESARC; 2002–2002) NESARC-III (2012–2013) data, logistic regression was used examine whether differed between subgroups adults.Results: The showed that adults, increased over the past decade overall within (gender, age, race/ethnicity, income, education, marital status, urbanicity, region, pregnancy disability status), greater increases men disabled adults. Most sources also indicated disorders. New analysis significantly adult (p ≤ .0001); young adults < .05); Blacks (vs. Whites, p .01); low income groups .001); never-married .0001), urban residents .05). adolescents, generally decreased, although recent were observed older non-White adolescents.Conclusion: Cannabis are increasing specific at higher risk, may be some adolescent subgroups. Studies should determine mechanisms for differential provide information policymakers enable informed decisions legalization service planning.

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Cannabis Use and Associated Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Background: Recreational cannabis legalization has become more prevalent over the past decade, increasing need to understand its impact on downstream health-related outcomes. Although prior reviews have broadly summarized research liberalization policies (including decriminalization and medical legalization), directed efforts are needed synthesize recent that focuses recreational specifically. Thus, current review summarizes existing studies using longitudinal designs evaluate impacts of use related Method: A comprehensive bibliographic search strategy revealed 61 published from 2016 2022 met criteria for inclusion. The were predominantly United States (66.2%) primarily utilized self-report data (for attitudes) or administrative health-related, driving, crime outcomes). Results: Five main categories outcomes identified through review: other substance use, attitudes toward cannabis, health-care utilization, driving-related outcomes, crime-related extant literature mixed findings, including some evidence negative consequences (such as increased young adult cannabis-related healthcare visits, impaired driving) minimal little change in adolescent rates, changes attitudes). Conclusions: Overall, reveals a number legalization, although findings generally do not suggest large magnitude short-term impacts. highlights systematic investigation, particularly across greater diversity geographic regions.

Язык: Английский

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Marijuana legalization and historical trends in marijuana use among US residents aged 12–25: results from the 1979–2016 National Survey on drug use and health

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2020

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in United States. More and more states legalized medical recreational marijuana use. Adolescents emerging adults are at high risk for This ecological study aims to examine historical trends use among youth along with legalization.Data (n = 749,152) were from 31-wave National Survey on Drug Use Health (NSDUH), 1979-2016. Current use, if past 30 days, was as outcome variable. Age measured chronological age self-reported by participants, period year when survey conducted, cohort estimated subtracted age. Rate of current decomposed into independent age, effects using hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) model.After controlling other covariates, effect indicated declines 1979-1992 2001-2006, increases 1992-2001 2006-2016. The positively significantly associated proportion people covered Medical Laws (MML) (correlation coefficients: 0.89 total sample, 0.81 males 0.93 females, all three p values < 0.01), but not Recreational (RML). showed a decline those who born 1954-1972, sudden increase 1972-1984, followed 1984-2003.The model derived coincident laws regulations drugs States since 1950s. With legalizing States, emphasizing responsible would be essential protect marijuana.

Язык: Английский

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Age Differences in Daily and Nondaily Cannabis Use in the United States, 2002–2014

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 79(3), С. 423 - 431

Опубликована: Май 1, 2018

Objective: Adult cannabis use has increased in the United States since 2002, particularly after 2007, contrasting with stable/declining trends among youth. We investigated whether specific age groups disproportionately contributed to changes daily and nondaily trends. Method: Participants ages 12 older (N = 722,653) from 2002–2014 National Survey on Drug Use Health reported past-year frequency (i.e., ≥300 days/year; 1–299 none). Multinomial logistic regression was used model change prevalence by group 12–17, 18–25, 26–34, 35–49, 50–64, ≥65), before 2007. regressions estimated relative odds of over time age, adjusting for other sociodemographics. Results: Daily decreased 12–17 2007 significantly across adult categories only Increases did not differ 18–64 ranged between 1 2 percentage points. Nondaily respondents 12–25 35–49 adults 26–34 4.5 points). Adjusted versus 12–64. Conclusions: were context increasingly permissive legislation, attitudes, lower risk perception. Although any may be decreasing teens, more frequent users 12–64 Studies should assess use, but also target prevention efforts adverse effects that are especially likely users.

Язык: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Trends in US Attitudes toward Cannabis Legalization

Substance Use & Misuse, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 57(7), С. 1052 - 1061

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022

Introductions: In the United States (US), support for cannabis legalization has increased over time. This study examines historical changes in attitudes and period-specific individual external influences on these.Methods A systematic search was conducted publications PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO up to October 2019. Six studies with a regionally or nationally representative adult US-based populations were included. secondary analysis using data from National Survey of Drug Use Health. Hierarchical age-period-cohort assessed trends perceived harmfulness availability between 1996 2018. Ecological comparisons made these perceptions time.Results steep growth began 1990s continued grow relatively linear manner. Most people developed more liberal views, no evidence that within any one sociodemographic group disproportionately responsible overall attitudinal change. Increases proportion who use cannabis, non-religious population political liberalism may partially explain legalization. The decline as reflected media, have contributed However, remained stable despite significant relaxations regulations.Conclusions US become accepting change is related risks benefits use, influenced by broader cultural period.

Язык: Английский

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The great decline in adolescent risk behaviours: Unitary trend, separate trends, or cascade?

Social Science & Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 317, С. 115616 - 115616

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

In many high-income countries, the proportion of adolescents who smoke, drink, or engage in other risk behaviours has declined markedly over past 25 years. We illustrate this behavioural shift by collating and presenting previously published data (1990–2019) on smoking, alcohol use, cannabis early sexual initiation juvenile crime Australia, England, Netherlands, New Zealand, USA, also providing European averages where comparable are available. Then we explore empirical evidence for against hypothesised causes these declines. Specifically, whether declines across can be considered 1) a 'unitary trend' caused common underlying drivers; 2) separate trends with behaviour-specific causes; 3) result 'cascade' effect, one behaviour causing others. find unitary trend hypothesis theoretical support, there is international that decreasing unstructured face-to-face time friends driver. Additionally, suggests factors have played role decline tobacco smoking (e.g. adolescent approval increasing strength control policies) drinking more restrictive parental rules attitudes toward drinking, ease access to alcohol). Finally, declining use may suppressed (and perhaps behaviours), but such cascade equivocal. conclude causal behind great multiple. While broad contextual changes appear reduced opportunities general, an important declines, 'knock-on' effect from domains others possible. Many explanations remain tested empirically.

Язык: Английский

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Marijuana and Lung Disease

CHEST Journal, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 154(3), С. 653 - 663

Опубликована: Май 17, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels Among Adolescent and Young Adult Men in the USA

European Urology Focus, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(4), С. 886 - 889

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Relationship Between Marijuana Use and Overactive Bladder (OAB): A Cross-Sectional Research of NHANES 2005 to 2018

The American Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 136(1), С. 72 - 78

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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