COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 246, С. 154497 - 154497

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Язык: Английский

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‘Spikeopathy’: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 2287 - 2287

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to society. production of ‘safe effective’ vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly, unprecedented high rates adverse events have overshadowed the benefits. This two-part narrative review presents evidence for widespread harms novel product mRNA adenovectorDNA is in attempting provide thorough overview arising from new technology that relied on human cells producing foreign antigen has pathogenicity. first paper explores peer-reviewed data counter attached these technologies. Spike protein pathogenicity, termed ‘spikeopathy’, whether SARS-CoV-2 virus or produced by vaccine gene codes, akin ‘synthetic virus’, increasingly understood terms molecular biology pathophysiology. Pharmacokinetic transfection through body tissues distant injection site lipid-nanoparticles viral-vector carriers means ‘spikeopathy’ can affect organs. inflammatory properties nanoparticles used ferry mRNA; N1-methylpseudouridine employed prolong synthetic function; biodistribution DNA codes translated spike proteins, autoimmunity via contribute harmful effects. reviews autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, potential oncological effects, autopsy spikeopathy. With gene-based therapeutic technologies planned, re-evaluation necessary timely.

Язык: Английский

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Autopsy findings in cases of fatal COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced myocarditis

ESC Heart Failure, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2024

Abstract COVID‐19 vaccines have been linked to myocarditis, which, in some circumstances, can be fatal. This systematic review aims investigate potential causal links between and death from myocarditis using post‐mortem analysis. We performed a of all published autopsy reports involving vaccination‐induced through 3 July 2023. All studies that include vaccine‐induced as possible cause were included. Causality each case was assessed by three independent physicians with cardiac pathology experience expertise. initially identified 1691 and, after screening for our inclusion criteria, included 14 papers contained 28 cases. The cardiovascular system the only organ affected 26 In two cases, characterized consequence multisystem inflammatory syndrome. mean age 44.4 years old. median number days last vaccination until 6.2 days, respectively. established deaths most likely causally clinical information presented paper. temporal relationship, internal external consistency seen among cases this known its pathobiological mechanisms, related excess death, complemented confirmation, adjudication, application Bradford Hill criteria overall epidemiology vaccine suggests there is high likelihood link myocarditis.

Язык: Английский

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Detection of recombinant Spike protein in the blood of individuals vaccinated against SARS‐CoV‐2: Possible molecular mechanisms

PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(6)

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023

Abstract Purpose The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic prompted the development and use of next‐generation vaccines. Among these, mRNA‐based vaccines consist injectable solutions mRNA encoding for a recombinant Spike, which is distinguishable from wild‐type protein due to specific amino acid variations introduced maintain in prefused state. This work presents proteomic approach reveal presence Spike vaccinated subjects regardless antibody titer. Experimental design Mass spectrometry examination biological samples was used detect fragments who received Results PP‐Spike fragment found 50% analyzed, its independent IgG minimum maximum time at detected after vaccination 69 187 days, respectively. Conclusions clinical relevance presented method allows evaluate half‐life molecule “PP” consider risks or benefits continuing administer additional booster doses vaccine. valuable support complement level monitoring represents first detection subjects.

Язык: Английский

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Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and mRNA Vaccines

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 451 - 451

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 disease) uses Spike proteins of its envelope infecting target cells expressing on membrane angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that acts as a receptor. To control pandemic, genetically engineered vaccines have been designed inducing neutralizing antibodies against proteins. These do not act like traditional protein-based vaccines, they deliver message in form mRNA or DNA to host then produce and expose protein (from which it can be shed soluble form) alert immune system. Mass vaccination has brought light various adverse effects associated with these based mainly affecting circulatory cardiovascular ACE2 is present membrane-bound several cell types, including mucosa upper gastrointestinal tracts, endothelium, platelets, plasma. converts vasoconstrictor II into peptides vasodilator properties. Here we review pathways immunization molecular mechanisms through protein, either from encoded by mRNA-based interferes Renin-Angiotensin-System governed ACE2, thus altering homeostasis circulation Understanding interactions consequent impact system will direct diagnosis therapy vaccine-related provide information development personalized considers pathophysiological conditions predisposing such events.

Язык: Английский

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Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis

Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Background: Following the roll-out of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, and Janssen Ad26.COV2.S coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) injections in United States, millions individuals have reported adverse events (AEs) using vaccine reports system (VAERS). The objective this analysis is to describe myocarditis data VAERS COVID-19 vaccines as potential determinants myocarditis. Methods: We used examine frequency reporting since beginning mass vaccination campaign compared with historical values administration from Our World Data database. examined context sex, age, dose. Statistical was done Student’s t-test determine statistically significant differences between ages among chi-square test relationships categorical variables statistical significance. Results: found number after 2021 223 times higher than average all combined for past 30 years. This represented a 2500% increase absolute first year when comparing prior 2021. Demographic revealed that occurred most youths (50%) males (69%). A total 76% cases resulted emergency care hospitalization. Of reports, 92 died (3%). Myocarditis more likely dose 2 ( p < 0.00001) less years age were older acquire 0.00001). Conclusion: strongly associated serious safety signal myocarditis, particularly children young adults resulting hospitalization death. Further investigation into underlying mechanisms vaccine-induced imperative create effective mitigation strategies ensure programs across populations.

Язык: Английский

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Biodistribution of RNA Vaccines and of Their Products: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1), С. 59 - 59

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2023

Explosive developments in mRNA vaccine technology the last decade have made it possible to achieve great success clinical trials of vaccines prevent infectious diseases and develop cancer treatments mRNA-based gene therapy products. The approval mRNA-1273 BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 by U.S. Food Drug Administration has led mass vaccination (with vaccines) several hundred million people around world, including children. Despite its effectiveness fight COVID-19, rare adverse effects been shown some studies, vascular microcirculation disorders autoimmune allergic reactions. biodistribution remains one most poorly investigated topics. This mini-review discussed results recent experimental studies on humans rodents regarding vaccines, their constituents (mRNA lipid nanoparticles), encoded antigens. We focused dynamics products possibility crossing blood–brain blood–placental barriers as well transmission infants through breast milk. In addition, we critically assessed strengths weaknesses detection methods that applied these articles, whose results’ reliability is becoming a subject debate.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine dose significantly extends humoral immune response half-life beyond the primary series

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines continue to be administered as the predominant prophylactic measure reduce COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. Quantifying kinetics of secondary immune response from subsequent doses beyond primary series and understanding how dose-dependent waning vary a function age, sex, various comorbidities remains an important question. We study anti-spike IgG in 152 individuals who received mRNA-based (first two doses) subset 137 then booster dose. find dose elicits 71–84% increase median Anti-S half life over that series. for both decreases with age. However, we stress although chronological age continues good proxy vaccine-induced humoral waning, immunosenescence is likely not mechanism, rather, more mechanism related presence noncommunicable diseases, which also accumulate affect regulation. are able independently reproduce recent observations those pre-existing asthma exhibit stronger vaccination than compared do not, further, this result sustained Finally, via single-variate Kruskal-Wallis test no difference between male female decay kinetics, however, multivariate approach utilizing Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression feature selection reveals statistically significant (p $$<1\times 10^{-3}$$ < 1 × 10 - 3 ), albeit small, bias favour longer-lasting immunity amongst males.

Язык: Английский

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Blood Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Lipid Nanoparticle mRNA Vaccine in Humans

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2024

Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines are an exciting but emerging technology used in humans. There is limited understanding of the factors that influence their biodistribution and immunogenicity. Antibodies to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which on surface lipid nanoparticle, detectable humans boosted by human vaccination. We hypothesized PEG-specific antibodies could increase clearance vaccines. To test this, we developed methods quantify both vaccine ionizable frequent serial blood samples from 19 subjects receiving Moderna SPIKEVAX booster immunization. Both peaked 1-2 days post vaccination (median peak level 0.19 3.22 ng mL

Язык: Английский

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TLR2/4 are novel activating receptors for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on NK cells

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

In early infected or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, circulating NK cells are consistently reduced, despite being highly activated exhausted. The aim of this paper was to establish whether acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (SP) may directly trigger and through which receptor(s).

Язык: Английский

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