British Journal of Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
181(22), С. 4571 - 4592
Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2024
Clozapine
is
an
effective
antipsychotic
for
treatment-resistant
schizophrenia,
but
its
discontinuation
leads
to
syndrome/catatonia
complicated
by
benzodiazepine-resistance
and
rhabdomyolysis.
British Journal of Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Background
and
Purpose
The
antiepileptic
drug
ethosuximide
(ETX)
suppresses
epileptiform
activity
in
a
mouse
model
of
GNB1
syndrome,
caused
by
mutations
Gβ
1
protein,
likely
through
the
inhibition
G‐protein
gated
K
+
(GIRK)
channels.
Here,
we
investigated
mechanism
ETX
(block)
different
GIRKs.
Experimental
Approach
We
studied
GIRK
channels
expressed
Xenopus
oocytes
with
or
without
their
physiological
activator,
G
protein
subunit
dimer
Gβγ.
binding
site
mode
action
were
analysed
using
molecular
dynamic
(MD)
simulations
kinetic
modelling,
predictions
tested
mutagenesis
functional
testing.
Key
Results
show
that
is
subunit‐selective,
allosteric
blocker
potency
block
increased
Gβγ,
parallel
channel
activation.
MD
locate
GIRK2
to
region
associated
phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate
(PIP
2
)
regulation,
suggest
acts
closing
helix
bundle
crossing
(HBC)
gate
altering
channel's
interaction
PIP
.
apparent
affinity
highly
sensitive
changes
gating
subunits.
Conclusion
Implications
GIRKs
allosteric,
subunit‐specific,
enhanced
Gβγ
an
intricate
network
interactions
within
molecule.
Our
findings
pose
as
potential
therapeutic
target
for
potent
tool
probing
gating‐related
conformational
GIRK.
British Journal of Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
Plasmalemma
vesicle-associated
protein
(PLVAP)
regulates
transcytosis
in
vascular
endothelial
cells.
PLVAP
expression
is
increased
pathological
conditions,
such
as
diabetic
retinopathy.
P2X7
receptor
antagonists
have
been
shown
to
preserve
blood-retinal
barrier
(BRB)
integrity.
Here,
we
tested
the
hypothesis
that
tightly
linked
activity,
leading
breakdown
of
BRB
an
vitro
model
We
integrated
network
approaches
with
retinopathy
using
primary
human
retinal
microvascular
cells
(HRMECs).
Cells
were
treated
a
antagonist,
JNJ47965567,
and
several
genes
predicted
belong
signalling
assessed.
Levels
localisation
PLVAP,
VE-cadherin
zonula
occludens-1
(ZO-1)
HRMECs
evaluated.
In
vivo,
effects
JNJ47965567
on
retinas
mice
High
levels
glucose
HRMECs,
which
was
blocked
by
JNJ47965567.
Furthermore,
preserved
ZO-1.
choroidal
vasculature
mice,
immunostaining
increased,
compared
non-diabetic
mice.
This
increase
significantly
attenuated
treatment
CONCLUSIONS
AND
IMPLICATIONS:
study
showed
important
component
complex
gene
regulatory
network,
including
mediating
pathophysiology
The
antagonist
good
pharmacodynamic
profile,
suggesting
this
approach
could
be
value
British Journal of Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2025
Abstract
Background
and
Purpose
Sex‐dependent
vascular
effects
of
transient
receptor
potential
(TRP)
channels
sex
dimorphism
in
migraine
are
not
yet
fully
characterized.
We
investigated
the
differential
vasoactive
TRP
ankyrin
1
(TRPA1),
melastatin
3
(TRPM3)
vanilloid
(TRPV1)
channels,
their
pharmacological
mechanism(s),
localization
expression
human
isolated
blood
vessels.
Experimental
Approach
Agonist
responses
to
cinnamaldehyde
pregnenolone
sulfate
(PregS,
TRPM3)
or
capsaicin
were
analysed
using
wire
myography
segments
coronary
(HCAs)
middle
meningeal
(HMMAs)
arteries
from
men
women.
The
mechanisms
involved
these
antagonists/blockers/inhibitors:
HC‐030031
isosakuranetin
(TRPM3),
capsazepine
(TRPV1),
olcegepant
(calcitonin
gene‐related
peptide
[CGRP]
receptor),
L‐NAME
(nitric
oxide
synthase
[NOS]),
indomethacin
(cyclooxygenase
[COX]),
TRAM‐34
+
apamin
(K
channels)
MK‐801
(
N
‐methyl‐
d
‐aspartate
[NMDA]
receptor).
Fluorescence
microscopy,
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction
(qPCR),
western
blotting
performed
investigate
location
expression,
respectively.
Key
Results
In
HCAs
HMMAs,
(i)
capsaicin‐induced
relaxation
remained
unchanged
after
above‐mentioned
antagonists/blockers/inhibitors
(ii)
cinnamaldehyde‐induced
was
blocked
by
olcegepant.
PregS‐induced
maximal
significantly
enhanced
females
compared
with
males
inhibited
isosakuranetin,
L‐NAME.
TRPM3
mRNA
protein
along
NMDA
levels,
higher
than
males.
Conclusion
Implications
Modulation
tone
HMMAs
activation
is
sex‐dependent,
likely
involving
receptors.
This
represents
a
new
therapeutic
direction,
targeting
its
related
cardiovascular
events.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Severe
valproic
acid
(VPA)
overdose
is
characterized
by
coma
(sometimes
with
cerebral
oedema),
respiratory
depression,
hypotension
and
metabolic
abnormalities.
Traditional
management
of
VPA
poisoning
has
been
limited
to
gastrointestinal
decontamination,
L-carnitine
supplementation
and,
in
severe
cases,
haemodialysis.
Recently,
interest
developed
the
use
carbapenem
antibiotics
as
an
adjunctive
therapy
patients
poisoning.
Carbapenems
inhibit
acylpeptide
hydrolase,
enzyme
responsible
for
reconstituting
from
VPA-glucuronide,
transiently
promote
distribution
into
erythrocytes.
In
receiving
therapeutically,
carbapenems
lower
concentrations
abruptly,
dramatically,
a
sustained
period.
This
article
discusses
possibility
exploiting
this
pharmacokinetic
drug-drug
interaction
or
at
risk
Voltage-gated
Kv7
potassium
channels,
particularly
Kv7.2
and
Kv.7.3
play
a
critical
role
in
modulating
susceptibility
to
seizures,
mutations
genes
that
encode
these
channels
cause
heterogeneous
epilepsy
phenotypes.
On
the
basis
of
this
evidence,
activation
has
long
been
considered
an
attractive
target
search
for
novel
antiseizure
medications.
Ezogabine
(retigabine),
first
Kv7.2/3
activator
introduced
2011
treatment
focal
was
withdrawn
from
market
2017
due
declining
use
after
discovery
its
association
with
pigmentation
changes
retina,
skin,
mucosae.
A
formulation
ezogabine
pediatric
(XEN496)
recently
investigated
children
KCNQ2-related
developmental
epileptic
encephalopathy,
but
trial
terminated
prematurely
reasons
unrelated
safety.
Among
openers
clinical
development,
azetukalner
shown
dose-dependent
efficacy
against
drug-resistant
seizures
good
tolerability
profile
no
evidence
pigmentation-related
adverse
effects
early
studies,
it
is
now
under
investigation
phase
III
trials
generalized
tonic-clonic
major
depressive
disorder.
Another
activator,
BHV-7000,
completed
I
studies
healthy
subjects,
excellent
at
plasma
drug
concentrations
exceed
median
effective
preclinical
model
anticonvulsant
activity,
data
patients
are
available
date.
other
activators
development
as
potential
medications,
pynegabine
CB-003
have
safety
pharmacokinetic
results
not
yet
reported.
Overall,
interest
targeting
indications
remains
strong.
Future
breakthroughs
area
could
come
exploitation
mechanistic
differences
action
activators,
molecules
combine
mechanisms
action.
Molecular Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
107(3), С. 100018 - 100018
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025
NS309
(6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime)
is
widely
used
as
a
pharmacological
tool
to
increase
the
activity
of
small-
and
intermediate-conductance
calcium-activated
potassium
channels.
assumed
function
positive
allosteric
gating
modulator.
However,
its
binding
site
molecular
details
action
remain
unknown.
Here,
we
show
that
has
profound
effect
on
calcium-dependent
Ca2+-activated
K+
channel
KCa3.1.
In
inside-out
experiments,
10
μM
shifted
calcium
EC50
from
430
31
nM.
whole-cell
changing
free
intracellular
250
nM
3
decreased
74
8.6
We
further
observed
could
elicit
greater
responses
than
saturating
calcium,
making
it
"superagonist."
Molecular
modeling
suggested
2
possible
sites
for
in
KCa3.1,
which
probed
by
mutagenesis
determined
interface
between
S45A
segment
S4-S5
linker
N-lobe
channel-associated
calmodulin.
dynamic
simulations
revealed
pushes
several
water
molecules
out
pocket,
establishes
stable
contacts
with
S181
L185
KCa3.1
E54
calmodulin,
promotes
longer
sustained
widening
inner
gate
at
V282
S6
segment.
Polar
substitutions
hydrophobic-gating
residues
A279
resulted
constitutively
open
channels
not
be
potentiated
NS309,
suggesting
produces
agonistic
effects
increasing
probability
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT:
The
publication
full-length
cryo-electron
microscopy
structure
previously
reported
was
crystallization
artifact
because
this
only
included
C-terminus
This
study
demonstrates
true
located
S4
S5
acts
stabilizing
force
within
increases
hydrophobic
gate.
British Journal of Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025
Shear-induced
platelet
activation
and
aggregation
(SIPA)
play
crucial
roles
in
arterial
thrombosis.
Piezo1
is
a
mechanosensitive
calcium
channel
that
promotes
hyperactivation
under
pathological
high-shear
conditions.
This
study
explores
the
function
of
SIPA
thrombosis,
inhibitory
effects
mechanisms
ginsenoside
Rb1
on
these
processes.
Transgenic
mice
with
platelet-specific
deficiency
(Piezo1ΔPlt)
were
used
to
elucidate
role
A
microfluidic
system
was
employed
assess
aggregation,
influx,
calpain
activity,
talin
cleavage,
integrin
αIIbβ3
P-selectin
expression
shear
flow.
Cellular
thermal
shift
assay
determine
binding
between
Piezo1.
Folts-like
model
evaluate
antithrombotic
Rb1.
platelets
reduced
induced
by
high
rate
4000
s-1
attenuated
thrombosis
mouse
model.
inhibited
an
IC50
10.8
μM.
shear-induced
Ca2+-dependent
as
well
thrombus
formation
Piezo1fl/fl
mice.
significantly
improved
stability
Treatment
Piezo1ΔPlt
did
not
exhibit
further
Platelet
essential
for
shear.
exerted
anti-platelet
anti-thrombotic
at
rates
via
channels,
providing
potential
candidate
antiplatelet
therapeutic
agent.
British Journal of Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
Background
and
Purpose
Amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
is
a
devastating
neurodegenerative
disease
with
limited
treatment
options.
ALS
pathogenesis
involves
intricate
processes
within
motor
neurons,
characterized
by
dysregulated
Ca
2+
influx
buffering
in
early
ALS‐affected
neurones.
This
study
proposes
the
modulation
of
ryanodine
receptors
(RyRs),
key
mediators
intracellular
,
as
therapeutic
target.
Experimental
Approach
A
novel
class
FKBP12
ligands
that
show
activity
cytosolic
calcium
modulators
through
stabilizing
RyR
channel
activity,
were
tested
superoxide
dismutase
1
(SOD1)
G93A
mouse
model
ALS.
Different
outcomes
used
to
assess
efficacy,
including
electrophysiology,
histopathology,
neuromuscular
function
survival.
Key
Results
Among
ligands,
MP‐010
was
chosen
for
its
central
nervous
system
availability
favourable
vitro
pharmaco‐toxicological
profile.
Chronic
administration
SOD1
mice
produced
preservation
nerve
conduction,
61‐mg·kg
−1
dose
significantly
delaying
onset
impairment.
accompanied
improved
coordination,
increased
innervated
endplates
significant
neurones
spinal
cord
treated
mice.
Notably,
extended
lifespan
an
average
10
days
compared
vehicle.
Conclusions
Implications
particularly
MP‐010,
exhibit
promising
neuroprotective
effects
ALS,
highlighting
their
potential
agents.
Further
investigations
into
molecular
mechanisms
clinical
translatability
these
compounds
are
needed
application
treatment.
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(2)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
β‐adrenergic
blockers
(β‐blockers)
are
extensively
used
to
inhibit
β‐adrenoceptor
activation
and
subsequent
cAMP
production
in
many
cell
types.
In
this
study,
we
characterized
the
effects
of
β‐blockers
on
mouse
pancreatic
β‐cells.
Unexpectedly,
high
concentrations
(100
μM)
(propranolol
bisoprolol)
paradoxically
increased
levels
5–10
fold,
enhanced
Ca
2+
influx,
stimulated
a
2–4
fold
increase
glucose‐
glimepiride‐induced
insulin
secretion
MIN6‐K8
clonal
β‐cells
isolated
islets.
These
were
observed
despite
minimal
expression
β‐adrenoceptors
these
cells.
Mechanistically,
led
ryanodine
receptor
2
(RYR2)
phosphorylation
via
protein
kinase
A
(PKA),
triggering
‐induced
release
(CICR).
CICR
then
activates
transient
potential
cation
channel
subfamily
M
member
5
(TRPM5),
resulting
influx
voltage‐dependent
channels.
contradict
conventional
understanding
pharmacology
β‐blockers,
highlighting
variability
β‐blocker
actions
depending
experimental
context.