The quintessential s-shape in sedimentology: A review on the formation and controls of clinoform shape

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 254, С. 104821 - 104821

Опубликована: Май 25, 2024

Clinoforms are ubiquitous depositional surfaces in sedimentary systems. The quintessential shape, with a flat or gentle topset, sloping foreset, and to bottomset, is recognizable the smallest ripple kilometer high edges of continents. Essentially shape one which develops differential sedimentation away from source. Systematic decay transport competence and/or sediment amount site favouring deposition, generates loading typically lens-shaped body. lithology, grain size, water depth, hydrodynamic factors, mechanisms, antecedent topography, relative sea level rate all interact create different sizes, slopes shapes. Meanwhile there several fundamental similarities between clinoforms, even bedwave features (ripples dunes), despite forming under very conditions. All clinoforms some extent governed by accommodation energy limiting factors (water agitation flow regime), controls their height, proxy influences slope angle. Lithology exerts control, can build angle repose, higher for coarser non-cohesive sediment, while cohesive gentler slopes, also fail at lower angles. Sediment repose steep linear segments, but conversely on continental margins extremely low angle, probably reflecting little along-slope contrast mud-dominance. clinothems similar lithology display wide range foreset angles, indicating numerous additional controls. Sedimentation appears exert significant control steepness, limited promoting steeper related basinward thinning deposits. observation greater depth response deepening environments generating effect comparatively less sedimentation. Processes important controlling as tidal wave reworking, debris flows, overpressure failure, Turbidity currents meanwhile part dynamic system both steepen slope. There four basic clinoform shapes: concave, linear, convex, sigmoidal. These develop variations along profile driven erosion/bypass/factors deposition/accumulation/waning supply. Curvature tends be an indication contrast, such erosional sandier muddier Sigmoidal clinothems, associated more trajectories, shorter than concave clinothems. Decaying shear-zone reworking erosion shapes rounded rollover. carrying capacity ensuing curvature. Concave lacking topsets sharp rollovers often longer sigmoidal forms. Their formation likely closely linked increased accumulation through bypass, turbidity currents, suspension-dominated deposition smaller clinoforms. In this ripples differ, transition rounding crest, unlike larger

Язык: Английский

Earthquake-induced Submarine Landslides (EQISLs) and a comparison with their Terrestrial Counterparts: Insights from a New Database

Earth-Science Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 105021 - 105021

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский