What is the meta‐analytic evidence for life‐history trade‐offs at the genetic level?

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2023

Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms underlying maintenance of individual differences in behavior and physiology is a fundamental goal ecology evolution. The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis often invoked to explain such within-population variation. This predicts that behavioral traits are part suite correlated collectively determine an individual's propensity prioritize reproduction or survival. A key assumption this these underpinned by genetic trade-offs among life-history traits: variants increase fertility, growth might also reduce lifespan. We performed systematic literature review meta-analysis summarize evidence for existence between five survival, rate, body size, maturation fertility. Counter our predictions, we found overall positive correlation survival other no any correlations non-survival traits. finding was generally consistent across pairs traits, sexes, life stages, lab vs. field studies, narrow- broad-sense estimates. Our study highlights may not be as common, at least easily quantifiable, animals assumed.

Язык: Английский

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T-helper cell phenotypes are repeatable, positively correlated and associated with helminth infection in wild Soay sheep

Discovery Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract Background T-helper (Th) cells co-ordinate immune responses to ensure that infections with diverse parasites are controlled effectively. Helminth such as gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) generally associated type 2 (Th2) responses, while intracellular Th1 responses. Although laboratory models have reported and Th2 can be antagonistic, this has been challenged by studies of natural infections. Methods Between 2019 2022 we completed 759 captures 538 wild Soay sheep (1–4 per animal) monitored body weight, parasite egg counts, Th phenotypes, cytokines, GIN-specific antibodies. Results While different cell cytokines antibody isotypes were positively correlated each other, no strong positive associations observed between these measurements. Cell counts had low repeatability (among-individual variation) across 4 years, levels highly repeatable. The Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) Interleukin-4 (IL-4) moderately repeatable at both the between- within-individual independent condition or exposure. IL-4 was negatively GIN faecal count, IFN-γ coccidian oocyst suggesting reflect resistance parasites. None our markers strongly lamb survival. Conclusions Our results provide insights into how aspects function interact produce effective complex but suggest longer-term data collection is required address causes interactions detect fitness consequences variation in T phenotypes under conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Prey or protection? Access to food alters individual responses to competition in black widow spiders

Behavioral Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 36(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Abstract Animals influence the phenotype and reproductive success of their conspecifics through competitive interactions. Such effects competition can alter intensity selection ultimately change rate evolution. However, magnitude competition, evolutionary impact, should vary depending on environmental conditions individual responses among competitors. We tested whether a key variable, resource availability, affects response to in black widow spiders by manipulating access prey level competition. examined if focal modify web structure aggressiveness towards stimuli when competitor is present, these depend prior access. also any with differences Access resources changed how individuals respond Spiders limited were less likely attack presence conspecific than greater prey, suggesting that limiting hinders responses. In contrast, all built better-protected webs competitors, regardless prey. Crucially, differed depended Our findings highlight importance mediating impact social interactions phenotypes eventually

Язык: Английский

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The fitness consequences of wildlife conservation translocations: a meta‐analysis

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 99(2), С. 348 - 371

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2023

ABSTRACT Conservation translocation is a common strategy to offset mounting rates of population declines through the transfer captive‐ or wild‐origin organisms into areas where conspecific populations are imperilled completely extirpated. Translocations that supplement existing referred as reinforcements and can be conducted using captive‐origin animals [ ex situ reinforcement (ESR)] without any captive ancestry in (ISR)]. These programs have been criticized for low success husbandry practices produce individuals with genetic performance deficits, but post‐release translocated groups has not systematically reviewed quantify relative wild‐resident control groups. To assess disparity conspecifics examine association organismal methodological factors across studies, we systematic review meta‐analysis 821 comparisons from 171 studies representing nine animal classes (101 species). We found 64% decreased odds out‐performing their counterparts, supporting claims systemic issues hampering conservation translocations. help identify could maximize program future, further quantified impact broad on between performance. Pre‐release enrichment significantly reduced disparities, whereas our results suggest no overall effects taxonomic group, sex, generation time, type fitness surrogate measured. This work most comprehensive date translocations which wild were used comparators, thereby facilitating an evaluation this identifying specific actions increase success. Our highlights need managers include both sympatric allopatric wild‐reference ensure evaluated. Further, analyses pre‐release particular improving outcomes translocations, demonstrate how implementation choices contributions recipient growth viability.

Язык: Английский

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Aquaculture environment changes fish behavioral adaptability directly or indirectly through personality traits: a case study

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(4), С. 1423 - 1441

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Aggressiveness predicts dominance rank in greylag geese: mirror tests and agonistic interactions

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Individual differences in aggressiveness, if consistent across time and contexts, may contribute to the long-term maintenance of social hierarchies complex animal societies. Although agonistic interactions have previously been used calculate individuals' positions within a dominance hierarchy, date repeatability behaviour has not tested when calculating rank. Here, we examined consistency relevance aggressiveness as personality trait free-flying population greylag geese (

Язык: Английский

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State-behaviour feedbacks between boldness and food intake shape escape responses in fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Abstract Consistent differences in intrinsic state, amplified through state-dependent behaviour, could explain the ubiquity of animal personality variation. Boldness is often positively associated with a high metabolism and food intake. Even though consumption known to compromise oxygen-demanding activities, influence intake on anti-predator escape responses has rarely been considered. By conducting experiments three-spined sticklebacks ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) setup real-time tracking decoy heron predator, we show that bolder fish benefited from higher than shy fish, reacted faster predator attack when was same before being attacked. However, slowed down responses. These results shine light how fitness bold tactics be balanced wild: reaction impaired by their consumption.

Язык: Английский

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Revealing Multidimensional Associations in Life History Traits Across Four Animal Taxa

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Abstract Trade-offs—negative associations among life history traits—are fundamental to understanding evolution. While traditional studies have focused mainly on pairwise trait relationships, organisms allocate finite energy across multiple processes simultaneously, necessitating a multivariate perspective. Here, by integrating both bivariate and phylogenetic frameworks, we investigated the complex relationships six key traits (adult body size, offspring development time, adult lifespan, clutch frequency) species of mammals, birds, reptiles, insects. We demonstrated that frameworks significantly alter inferred species. For instance, direct relationship between size lifespan becomes indirect when additional are considered. Moreover, while some patterns consistent taxa, others taxon-specific. Our findings suggest variations emerge from interplay traits, emphasizing need view evolution through lens interconnected ecological evolutionary processes.

Язык: Английский

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Small scale, elevation- and environmental-related differences in life history strategies in a temperate resident songbird

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Environmental drivers of within-population reproductive patterns are often hypothesized to lead strategies tuned local conditions. Organisms adjust energy allocation between survival and reproduction based on experience, age, lifespan resource availability. Variation in these energetic investments can be described as different demographic tactics which expected optimize the fitness populations. These ideas largely supported by both empirical model-based studies but research identifying specific their corresponding environmental within wild populations remains rare. Using 12 years data, we investigated investment a relatively short-lived resident songbird, mountain chickadee ( Poecile gambeli ), at two elevations that differ harshness North American Sierra Nevada mountains. Challenging winter environments high impose strong selection pressure survival-related traits (e.g. specialized spatial cognition associated with food caching) significantly shorten length window. Here, show chickadees higher elevation lay smaller clutches ca 0.41 fewer eggs) produce 0.25 nestlings) larger offspring 0.4 g heavier) compared lower residents. Due harsher less predictable conditions elevations, this strategy species likely leads production greater chances survival. Overall, our results within-species differences life history may evolve over small scale along gradients.

Язык: Английский

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The role of developmental plasticity in eco‐phenotypic population dynamics

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025

Abstract Individual variation in development can strongly impact population density via its on demography. When this is caused by developmental plasticity, the resulting effects are characterised as ‘eco‐phenotypic dynamics’ If plasticity turn sensitive to density, feedbacks’ arise. individual density‐dependent due resource limitation, we expect eco‐phenotypic feedbacks between rate and be widespread. Yet, exactly how rates, termed ‘heterokairy’ interacts with influence dynamics unclear. Here, provide conceptual empirical starting points assess role of heterokairy dynamics. We present a framework identify impacts, impacted by, density. This validated using existing evidence, focusing polyphenisms that comprise alternate phenotypes differ rate: ‘heterokairic polyphenisms’. find heterokairic typically fast developing (‘minor’) slow (‘major’) prevalent among ectotherms. How shapes depends whether minors (or majors) mostly expressed at low high) or vice versa. Minor‐at‐low‐density systems, such those found salamanders, aphids nematodes, reflect classic life history predictions growing, populations favour short times, whilst high‐density slower development. Alternatively, minor‐at‐high‐density systems allow resource‐stressed juveniles, most common high‐densities, still mature but reducing metabolic costs. propose opposing responses prompt different feedbacks. Our work highlights crucial plays phenotype construction, consequences it have for (meta)population evolution. call shift away from focus outcomes adulthood processes construct phenotypes. Ultimately, lead more mechanistic, thus predictive, approach understanding adaptive alternative paces within ecological evolutionary contexts. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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