Formation of necromass-derived soil organic carbon determined by microbial death pathways

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(2), С. 115 - 122

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Patterns in soil microbial diversity across Europe

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023

Factors driving microbial community composition and diversity are well established but the relationship with functioning is poorly understood, especially at large scales. We analysed biodiversity metrics distribution of potential functional groups along a gradient increasing land-use perturbation, detecting over 79,000 bacterial 25,000 fungal OTUs in 715 sites across 24 European countries. found lowest less-disturbed environments (woodlands) compared to grasslands highly-disturbed (croplands). Highly-disturbed contain significantly more chemoheterotrophs, harbour higher proportion plant pathogens saprotrophs, have less beneficial symbionts woodlands extensively-managed grasslands. Spatial patterns communities predicted functions best explained when interactions among major determinants (vegetation cover, climate, soil properties) considered. propose guidelines for environmental policy actions argue that taxonomical should be considered simultaneously monitoring purposes.

Язык: Английский

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Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 97(4), С. 1691 - 1711

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2022

ABSTRACT The belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation organic matter, supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability support biodiversity both below above ground. However, existing soil food‐web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence there is no comprehensive reproducible approach accounts for resource, size spatial structure in soil. Here I build on generic organisation principles use multifunctional classification protists, invertebrates vertebrates, to reconstruct a ‘multichannel’ web across classes soil‐associated consumers. infer weighted trophic interactions among guilds using feeding preferences prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), distributions (niche overlaps), biomass‐dependent feeding. then reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, calculate energy fluxes assuming steady‐state energetic system. Based fluxes, propose number indicators, related stability, multiple ecosystem‐level functions such as herbivory, top‐down control, translocation transformation matter. illustrate this an example, comparing it traditional resource‐focused reconstruction. multichannel reconstruction can be used assess ‘trophic multifunctionality’ (analogous ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous by web, compare communities spanning beyond With further validation proposed functional could provide effective tool understanding animal diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships This hopefully will inspire more researchers describe belowground–aboveground comprehensively. Such studies informative indicators including active agents biogeochemical models, only locally but also regional global scales.

Язык: Английский

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Conceptualizing soil fauna effects on labile and stabilized soil organic matter

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

Fauna is highly abundant and diverse in soils worldwide, but surprisingly little known about how it affects soil organic matter stabilization. Here, we review the ecological strategies of a multitude faunal taxa can affect formation persistence labile (particulate matter, POM) stabilized (mineral-associated MAOM). We propose three major mechanisms - transformation, translocation, grazing on microorganisms by which fauna alters factors deemed essential POM MAOM, including quantity decomposability mineralogy, abundance, location, composition microbial community. Determining relevance these to MAOM cross-disciplinary studies that cover individual more complex communities, employ physical fractionation, isotopic, microbiological approaches advance concepts, models, policies focused effectively manage as carbon sinks, nutrient stores, providers food.

Язык: Английский

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Rainforest transformation reallocates energy from green to brown food webs

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 627(8002), С. 116 - 122

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Abstract Terrestrial animal biodiversity is increasingly being lost because of land-use change 1,2 . However, functional and energetic consequences aboveground belowground across trophic levels in megadiverse tropical ecosystems remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed changes energy fluxes ‘green’ (canopy arthropods birds) ‘brown’ (soil earthworms) food webs rainforests plantations Sumatra, Indonesia. Our results showed that most the channelled to web. Oil palm rubber had similar or, case agroforest, higher total compared rainforest but key nodes were distinctly different: more than 90% flux was by soil canopy, whereas 50% allocated annelids (earthworms). Land-use led a consistent decline multitrophic aboveground, responded with reduced levels, down −90%, shifts from slow (fungal) fast (bacterial) channels faeces production towards consumption organic matter. This coincides previously reported carbon stock depletion 3 Here show well-documented declines 4–6 are associated vast restructuring ecosystem compartments.

Язык: Английский

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Climate warming restructures food webs and carbon flow in high-latitude ecosystems

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 184 - 189

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Novel community data in ecology-properties and prospects

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 39(3), С. 280 - 293

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Mechanical weeding enhances ecosystem multifunctionality and profit in industrial oil palm

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(6), С. 683 - 695

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

Abstract Oil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity associated with conventional management (that is, fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing deleterious environmental impacts. Using a 2 factorial experiment, we assessed effects of vs reduced (equal to nutrients removed by fruit harvest) mechanical weeding on ecosystem functions, biodiversity profitability. Analysing across multiple exhibited higher multifunctionality than treatment, although this effect was concealed when evaluating only for individual functions. Biodiversity also enhanced, driven 33% more plant species under weeding. Compared management, increased profit 12% relative gross margin 11% due reductions in material costs, while attaining similar yields. Mechanical reduced, compensatory mature plantations tenable option enhancing increasing profit, providing win–win situations.

Язык: Английский

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Assembly of soil multitrophic community regulates multifunctionality via multifaceted biotic factors in subtropical ecosystems

Environment International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 195, С. 109272 - 109272

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Soil biodiversity underpins multiple ecosystem functions and services essential for human well-being. Understanding the determinants of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships (BEFr) is critical conservation management soil ecosystems. Community assembly processes determine community diversity structure. However, there remains limited systematic research on how organismal groups affect through their influence species interactions. Here, we analyzed 331 samples from different land-use types (cropland, forest, grassland) in Qinling-Daba Mountains to investigate drivers, processes, network stability multitrophic organisms. High-throughput sequencing was used examine archaea, bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, invertebrates, while enzyme activity assays were assess multifunctionality related nutrient provisioning. Our results indicated that biotic factors contributed 62.81-94.97 % α-diversity 4.19-52.37 β-diversity organisms, even when considering abiotic factors. Protozoan α- most significantly explained invertebrates ecosystems, serving as important indicators assessing health. Furthermore, prokaryotes primarily governed by stochasticity (>50 %), whereas those eukaryotic dominated deterministic (<50 %). Diversity increased with greater bacterial communities where stochastic predominated. Conversely, fungal protozoan decreased intensified. Importantly, enhanced increasing α-diversity, β-diversity, stability. These findings provide valuable insights into regulation BEFr processes. Future should further explore role these functioning under change scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Shared community history strengthens plant diversity effects on below‐ground multitrophic functioning

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Abstract The relationship of plant diversity and several ecosystem functions strengthens over time. This suggests that the restructuring biotic interactions in process a community's assembly associated changes function differ between species‐rich species‐poor communities. An important component these is feedback soil community history. In this study, we examined interactive effects richness history on trophic fauna community. We hypothesized experimental removal either or would diminish positive multitrophic food web, compared to mature tested hypothesis long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment by comparing plots across three treatments (without history, without controls with ~20 years plot‐specific history). found below‐ground functionality indeed stronger communities shared Our findings indicate anthropogenic disturbance can impact functioning through loss species but also preventing feedbacks develop assembly.

Язык: Английский

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