Determining the sustainability of legal wildlife trade

Journal of Environmental Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 341, С. 117987 - 117987

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Exploitation of wildlife represents one the greatest threats to species survival according Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Whilst detrimental impacts illegal trade are well recognised, legal is often equated being sustainable despite lack evidence or data in majority cases. We review sustainability trade, adequacy tools, safeguards, frameworks understand regulate identify gaps that undermine our ability truly trade. provide 183 examples showing unsustainable a broad range taxonomic groups. In most cases, neither nor supported by rigorous sustainability, with export levels population monitoring precluding true assessments population-level impacts. propose more precautionary approach requires those who profit from proof sustainability. then four core areas must be strengthened achieve this goal: (1) collection analyses populations; (2) linking quotas IUCN international accords; (3) improved databases compliance trade; (4) enhanced understanding bans, market forces, substitutions. Enacting these regulatory frameworks, including CITES, essential continued many threatened species. There no winners trade: without management not only will populations become extinct, but communities dependent upon lose livelihoods.

Язык: Английский

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Pathogens and planetary change

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the non-linear associations between the international legal wildlife trade and biodiversity

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 304, С. 111028 - 111028

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A synthesis of wild animal-related trade laws in some of the world's most biodiverse countries

Journal of Environmental Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 354, С. 120141 - 120141

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

We examined the laws and legal provisions governing commercial trade of terrestrial wild fauna across chain in some world's megadiverse countries how these relate to key animal welfare conservation concerns. Over past century, an increase quantity complexity related wildlife has been observed 11 focal examined. Our review identified 95 with 560 adopted since 1910 countries. Surprisingly, level biological diversity a country does not correlate extent legislation addressing trade. Moreover, is unevenly distributed different stages chain, more on extraction transportation compared captive management. Notably, considerations are relatively underrepresented trade, despite their broad implications for public health economies. Urgent legislative action needed meet global biodiversity targets respond challenges posed by growing scale Recommendations made streamline legislation, consider status animals, address gaps enforcement mechanisms. conclude that alignment national international regulations crucial effective protection both populations individual animals' context Further research assess effectiveness existing laws, bridge gaps, diverse concerns including rights local communities.

Язык: Английский

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Global Testudo Trade: Update and Recent Trends

Chelonian Conservation and Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

This study examines the global trade dynamics of Testudo tortoises from 2006 to 2021, using data CITES database, and compares it a prior between 1975 2005. The analysis covers volumes, patterns, sources, highlighting discrepancies in reported figures impact illegal trade. Over this period, 125 countries imported 97 exported species, with majority transactions involving hermanni, horsfieldii, graeca. United States emerged as largest importer, Germany was leading exporter. A significant portion involved live for pet industry, captive-bred sources surpassing wild-caught specimens later years. However, declared imports exports suggest ongoing challenges regulation. Statistical indicated varying trends among noticeable decline T. horsfieldii after 2017. emphasizes need enhanced regulatory enforcement consumer awareness mitigate promote sustainable practices. It also calls continued international cooperation address socioeconomic drivers wildlife trafficking. findings aim inform policy interventions conservation strategies ensure long-term sustainability welfare populations.

Язык: Английский

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Implementation biases in wildlife trade regulation foster unscientific and inequitable intervention strategies

Frontiers in Conservation Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

International conservation initiatives such as international wildlife trade regulation are important for species efforts, but many current implementation models lend themselves to an environment that promotes biased values and inequitable distribution of benefits responsibilities. This Perspective article aims highlight prevailing sentiments observed among the community contribute asymmetrical discourse, policy development, enforcement. These biases can limit positive biodiversity impacts interventions, preventing them from accomplishing or landscape goals. They also mistrust between stakeholders, therefore adversely affecting relationships crucial maintaining ecosystem services. Additionally, interventions policies be shaped more by subjective judgments value than science. The foreign bushmeat in United States discourse surrounding it demonstrates presence policy. It how these appear supplant evidence-based development promote a resource use where some usages permitted others considered unacceptable. ramifications inequities seen protected area management strategies globally particularly prevalent African Asian regions, militarization shoot-to-kill place. We argue fostering sustainable is enormously complex requires scientific, approach develop implement both fair effective. arguments supported through select quotations notable public authorities.

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying market prevalence, abundance, and suitable habitats of bulbuls in Java, Indonesia

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 304, С. 111035 - 111035

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A History of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Implementation in Nepal

Diversity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 312 - 312

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a conservation trade convention regulating international wild species listed under its various appendices. Party nations are required to have designated scientific management authorities administer CITES and, ideally, domestic enabling legislation for proper implementation. However, the complexity makes it difficult implement resource-constrained that lack expertise commitment. Apart from resources much global south, hurdles implementation arise delays formation necessary legislation, apathy enforcing gatekeeping by leading government agencies. Nepal has long well-documented history wildlife party most major environmental conventions, although frequently lacked ability them fully. Recently, formulated policies developed institutions supporting biodiversity but still refrains formulating implementing some provisions. After only partial (at best) compliance, enacted CITES-implementing Act 2017, with progressive provisions enforcement, farming, resource utilization conservation. Here, we used mixed methods research approach involving published gray literature reviews key informant interviews concerned stakeholders understand workings modality 2017 Act. We explore nuances discuss potential challenges over time. Though new policy many positive aspects shifting away more classical, strict protection, found there shortcomings within national administrative structures coordinates informs different offices their responsibilities how they interface current federal system. This resulted ongoing obstacles achieving fuller date cases, also inhibits sustainable uses biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Including the urbanization gradient in people‐centered wildlife conservation in Amazonia

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2025

Abstract Conservation policy in the Amazon traditionally focuses on rural areas, overlooking socioecological roles of urban populations. This oversight can hinder sustainability by neglecting rural–urban connections. We compared prevalence and quantity wild meat consumed, bartered, traded commercially rural, peri‐urban, areas Brazilian to inform policies aimed at including local people conservation. also examined social factors influencing wildlife access. These included household management (single vs. dual adult households), dependency (ratio minors working adults), residence status (single‐sited multisited frequency area visits residents, market access peri‐urban residents. surveyed 782 households Manaus Carauari (Manaus: 299 urban, 90 120 rural; Carauari: 159 41 73 rural) about related used that are linked urbanization. Results revealed widespread use across urbanization categories. The percentage consumed (Manaus 22%, 57%), bartered 17%, 30%), 21%, 7%) was substantial. Market higher than Carauari. Commercial trade chelonians barter mammals birds increased as markets increased. present (Carauari 21% [95% CI 7–34], 16% 6–26]) but (chelonian 44% 22–62]). Given these high levels, especially near expanding such Manaus, commercial likely contribute unsustainable harvesting pressures, affecting people's sovereignty. Our research underscores need for inclusive regulate subsistence hunting uphold rights; integration fish community‐based conservation frameworks enhance food security reduce dependence; inclusion users integrated development programs through curtail trade, ultimately creating sustainable just pathways urbanizing Amazonia.

Язык: Английский

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Surveys of live bird markets in China: Revealing patterns to inform policies

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 307, С. 111188 - 111188

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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