Physical punishment and effective verbal communication in children aged 9–36 months, according to sex: secondary analysis of a national survey

BMC Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

Abstract Background A substantial number of children in the world are regularly subjected to physical punishment by their parents as a method upbringing. Evidence suggests that it has negative effects on development brain function. However, evidence regarding its association with verbal communication is limited and heterogeneous. It also unknown whether same both boys girls; especially contexts developing countries, where highest rates found. Objective This investigation aimed at analyzing between administered fathers mothers effective among aged 9–36 months according sex. Methods secondary analytical cross-sectional study was conducted based 2018–2019 Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey. Physical punishment, mother’s report use hitting and/or slapping, considered correct father mother. Effective (EVC) measured using Battle scale which consists age-appropriate questions included early childhood module. generalized linear model family Log Poisson link option used identify them, crude, general adjusted, sex-stratified models. Results Of all children, 16.31% received from mother, wherein 16.65% were 15.97% girls. Moreover, 36.48% exhibited EVC, 32.55% 40.50% Adjusting for socioeconomic level, witnessing violence, marital status, age, occupation, education language, moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, found who mother have 31% lower probability EVC (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–0.83, p < 0.001), whereas no girls (aPR 0.93, CI 0.81–1.06, = 0.278). Conclusions An reduced boys, such possible even though significant impact not been observed during this stage, they may experience consequences later stages life, further research needed.

Язык: Английский

---

A Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize User Engagement With a Chatbot-Led Parenting Intervention: Protocol for the ParentText Optimisation Trial

JMIR Research Protocols, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13, С. e52145 - e52145

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Background Violence against children (VAC) is a serious public health concern with long-lasting adverse effects. Evidence-based parenting programs are one effective means to prevent VAC; however, these interventions not scalable in their typical in-person group format, especially low- and middle-income countries where the need greatest. While digital delivery, including via chatbots, offers cost-effective scale up within settings, it crucial understand key pillars of user engagement ensure implementation. Objective This study aims investigate most combination external components optimize ParentText, an open-source chatbot-led intervention VAC Mpumalanga, South Africa. Methods will use mixed methods design incorporating 2 × factorial cluster-randomized controlled trial qualitative interviews. Parents adolescent girls (32 clusters, 120 participants [60 parents 60 aged 10 17 years] per cluster; N=3840 total participants) be recruited from Ehlanzeni Nkangala districts Mpumalanga. Clusters randomly assigned receive 1 4 packages that include ParentText alone or combined sessions facilitated WhatsApp support group. Quantitative data collected pretest-posttest parent- adolescent-reported surveys, facilitator-reported implementation data, digitally tracked data. Qualitative facilitators through over-the-phone individual semistructured interviews used expand interpretation understanding quantitative findings. Results Recruitment collection started August 2023 were finalized November 2023. The number enrolled 1009, 744 caregivers having completed onboarding intervention. Female represent 92.96% (938/1009) sample population, whereas male 7.03% (71/1009). average participant age 43 (SD 9) years. Conclusions Optimisation Trial first rigorously test country. results this inform final selection delivery preparation for further evaluation randomized 2024. Registration Open Science Framework (OSF); https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WFXNE International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/52145

Язык: Английский

---

Neighborhood Crime Risk and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Children's Neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Research has shown that exposure to higher rates of neighborhood disadvantage and contextual threat increases risk for the development psychopathology in youth, with some evidence these effects may differ across racial/ethnic groups. Although studies have direct stress impacts neural responses threat‐relevant stimuli, less is known about how characteristics more generally (e.g., living characterized by high crime risk, whether or not individual directly experiences any crime) impact children's threat. To address this question, we examined links between census‐derived indices reactivity emotional stimuli a sample 100 children ( M age = 9.64, 54% girls, 65% non‐Hispanic White) from minority backgrounds compared White children. Focusing on late positive potential (LPP) event‐related (ERP) component, (fearful faces) as well nonthreat‐relevant negative (sad (happy low, medium, intensities (morph levels). We found levels were associated larger LPP amplitudes high‐intensity fearful, but happy sad faces, only among backgrounds. This suggests within one's be salient stressor racial‐ethnic groups than

Язык: Английский

---

Posttraumatic Stress and Mentalization in Accounting for Veteran Parents' Use of Corporal Punishment: Parental Over‐Certainty Matters for Multiracial Children

Child & Family Social Work, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025

ABSTRACT Posttraumatic stress symptoms have been closely linked with the use of harsh parenting practices in veteran families. This study was aimed at assessing potential added importance parent mentalization predicting corporal punishment among US veterans. A hypothesized hierarchical regression model which dimensions (i.e., prementalizing, over‐certainty, and interest curiosity) were examined as predictors analysed monoracial ( n = 318) multiracial 182) For parents both families, emerged a significant predictor punishment, even after accounting for posttraumatic stress. While prementalizing dimension associated greater over‐certainty exclusively The present findings clarify that confer risk above beyond predictive role Implications social workers working families are discussed.

Язык: Английский

---

Evaluating the impact of No Hit Zone trainings in preschool-age childcare facilities for child maltreatment prevention: A quasi-experimental pilot study

Child Abuse & Neglect, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 164, С. 107432 - 107432

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Childhood Experiences of Corporal Punishment and Associated Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization in Adulthood: Results from a Longitudinal Twin Study

Journal of Family Violence, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2025

Abstract Purpose Corporal punishment has been widely accepted to have adverse effects on children in childhood, however, less is known about its distal effects. The current study uses data from a longitudinal Australian twin estimate the association between experiencing corporal childhood and involvement adult physical intimate partner violence (PIPV) as victim or perpetrator. Methods sample (N = 1532) consisted of 644 pairs 244 singletons. experiences were categorised two ways: no any punishment; categorized being by hand, with an object, both hand neither. We used mixed-effect Poisson regression robust standard errors relative risk ratios quantify punishment, PIPV victimisation perpetration, while controlling for sexual abuse, witnessing domestic violence. Results Respondents who experienced their father 38 40% more likely become PIPV; 37 41% perpetrator PIPV. There was evidence mothers perpetration. An analysis perpetration among monozygotic twins different inconclusive. Conclusion Experiencing particularly father, factor adulthood, Understanding this link may help inform primary prevention strategies.

Язык: Английский

---

Invisible vs Ordinary Child-Based Violence: To What Extent Should the Corporal Punishment Be Evaluated?

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Maternal caregiving moderates relations between maternal childhood maltreatment and infant cortisol regulation

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Background Children of maltreated mothers are at increased risk for adverse physical and psychological health. Both prenatal postnatal alterations in offspring biological stress systems have been proposed as mechanisms contributing to such transmission. The aim the current study was assess whether maternal care infant moderated any effect childhood maltreatment on cortisol output during a mild stressor 4 months age. Methods Participants included 181 mother–infant dyads, screened recruitment result 57.4% reporting one or more forms maltreatment. Mothers were assessed quality caregiving, infants salivary Still‐Face Paradigm age months. Maternal using Maltreatment Abuse Chronology Exposure (MACE) self‐report scales. Results Greater severity neglect interacted with higher levels disoriented caregiving predict over course Paradigm. In contrast, abuse negative‐intrusion lower output. role confusion linked greater regardless history. Conclusions may moderate effects factors existing prior infant's birth. Disoriented context negative‐intrusive behavior associated opposite directions hormone results suggest that interventions addressing risks from both periods be most effective mitigating intergenerational

Язык: Английский

---

Spanking and Children’s Approaches to Learning: Estimates from a Longitudinal Matched-Sample Design

Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 658 - 658

Опубликована: Май 12, 2025

One form of corporal punishment commonly used in the United States is spanking. Spanking a well-known risk factor for adverse child development, although its influence on children's approaches to learning (ATL) has been largely overlooked. Existing research particularly limited inadequately considering multiple confounds and selection biases exposure This study examined links between spanking ATL, using matched-group design strengthen causal estimates among children aged 5 7.5 (N = ~12,800) from Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 2010-2011. Entropy-balanced matching mitigated confounding biases, controlling wide array covariates. The sensitivity spanking's effects ATL was also tested by limiting sample low-frequency (once past week) address concerns that primarily higher-frequency predicts ATL. Findings indicated at age 5.5 associated with less positive ages 6.5 7.5. These results remained significant when study's findings suggest may hinder development learning, which holds implications lifelong well-being. contributes growing literature potential negative physical across domains.

Язык: Английский

---

Making Human Measurement Matter for Human Development

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 90 - 114

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Abstract This chapter investigates the complex and evolving relationship between measurement human development. While many consider Data Revolution will linearly lead to better development outcomes by virtue of enabling planning, monitoring, evaluation interventions projects, I reckon that these promises big data AI remain unfulfilled for a lack consideration conditions such process. With goal understanding this dynamic, propose theoretical practical contribution extending vision “Human AI.” introduce Learning Loops theory change deepen grounding concept Human while Three Functions outline allow those working in actionable ways implement their work. Offering insights support actors interested integrating strengthen activities related work, it is my hope ultimately improved outcomes.

Язык: Английский

---