The role of glutamate and glutamine metabolism and related transporters in nerve cells

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Glutamate and glutamine are the most abundant amino acids in blood play a crucial role cell survival nervous system. Various transporters found mitochondrial membranes, such as solute carriers (SLCs) superfamily, responsible for maintaining balance of glutamate synaptic cleft within cells. This affects metabolism non-essential acids.

Язык: Английский

---

Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2024

Microglia, the resident immune cells of central nervous system, emerge in brain during early embryonic development and persist throughout life. They play essential roles homeostasis, their dysfunction contributes to neuroinflammation progression neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have uncovered an intricate relationship between microglia functions metabolic processes, offering fresh perspectives on disease mechanisms possible treatments. Despite these advancements, there are still significant gaps our understanding how dysregulation affects microglial phenotypes disorders. This review aims address gaps, laying groundwork for future research topic. We specifically examine shifts microglia, such as transition from oxidative phosphorylation mitochondrial metabolism heightened glycolysis proinflammatory states, impact Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral Huntington's disease. Additionally, we explore role iron, fatty amino acid homeostasis repair. Identifying both distinct shared adaptations across diseases could reveal common therapeutic targets provide a deeper disease-specific underlying CNS

Язык: Английский

---

Contribution of Brain Intrinsic Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in a Novel Mouse Model of Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 48(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Neuroglial Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pathogenetic Insights, Genetic Threads, and Therapeutic Horizons

Neuroglia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(1), С. 11 - 11

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Recent studies highlight the crucial roles of neuroglial cells—astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes—in synaptic function, neural connectivity, neuroinflammation. These findings offer fresh perspective on ASD pathophysiology. This review synthesizes current knowledge dysfunction ASD, emphasizing its role pathophysiological mechanisms, genetic influences, potential therapeutic strategies. Methods: We conducted comprehensive literature review, integrating insights from neuroscience, molecular biology, clinical studies. Special focus was given to glial-mediated neuroinflammatory plasticity regulation, impact mutations signaling homeostasis. Results: Neuroglial evident abnormal pruning impaired astrocytic glutamate defective oligodendrocyte-driven myelination, which collectively disrupt neuronal architecture. Emerging therapies targeting these pathways, including anti-inflammatory drugs, microglial modulators, cell-based approaches, show promise alleviating key symptoms. Additionally, advanced interventions such as gene editing glial progenitor therapy present opportunities correct underlying dysfunction. Conclusions: establishes framework for understanding contributions ASD. By diverse disciplines, it enhances our pathophysiology paves way novel strategies pathways.

Язык: Английский

---

Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of Amyloodinium ocellatum infection in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus)

Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 110312 - 110312

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Neuroscience of cancer: unraveling the complex interplay between the nervous system, the tumor and the tumor immune microenvironment

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

The study of the multifaceted interactions between neuroscience and cancer is an emerging field with significant implications for understanding tumor biology innovation in therapeutic approaches. Increasing evidence suggests that neurological functions are connected tumorigenesis. In particular, peripheral central nervous systems, synapse, neurotransmitters, neurotrophins affect progression metastasis through various regulatory approaches immune microenvironment. this review, we summarized tumorigenesis metastasis, which controlled by systems. We also explored roles neurotransmitters progression. Moreover, examined interplay system have identified drugs target treatment. review present work supporting agent targeting could potential to improve therapy.

Язык: Английский

---

Characterization of metabolite profiles in milk derived exosomes from indicus, crossbred and taurine cows by proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis

Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 473, С. 143015 - 143015

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Adaptogens in Long-Lasting Brain Fatigue: An Insight from Systems Biology and Network Pharmacology

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(2), С. 261 - 261

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025

Long-lasting brain fatigue is a consequence of stroke or traumatic injury associated with emotional, psychological, and physical overload, distress in hypertension, atherosclerosis, viral infection, aging-related chronic low-grade inflammatory disorders. The pathogenesis linked to disrupted neurotransmission, the glutamate-glutamine cycle imbalance, glucose metabolism, ATP energy supply, which are multiple molecular targets signaling pathways neuroendocrine-immune blood circulation systems. Regeneration damaged tissue long-lasting multistage process, including spontaneously regulating hypothalamus-pituitary (HPA) axis-controlled anabolic-catabolic homeostasis recover harmonized sympathoadrenal system (SAS)-mediated function, deregulated gene expression rehabilitation. driving mechanism spontaneous recovery regeneration cross-talk mediators neuronal, microglia, immunocompetent, endothelial cells collectively involved neurogenesis angiogenesis, plant adaptogens can target. Adaptogens small molecules origin that increase adaptability organisms stress by interaction HPA axis SAS (neuroendocrine-immune cardiovascular complex), targeting adaptive GPCR pathways. Two major groups comprise (i) phenolic phenethyl phenylpropanoid derivatives (ii) tetracyclic pentacyclic glycosides, whose chemical structure be distinguished as related correspondingly monoamine neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) steroid hormones (cortisol, testosterone, estradiol). In this narrative review, we discuss multitarget integrated pharmacological activity botanical ischemic stroke, fatigue; time-dependent dual response physiological regulatory systems support overload; (iii) dose-dependent reversal (hormetic) effect adaptogens. This review shows adaptogenic concept cannot reduced rectified various effects on selected specific modes action without estimating their interactions within networks complex that, turn, regulates other (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive systems) due numerous intra- extracellular communications feedback regulations. These result polyvalent pleiotropic adaptogens, essential for characterizing distinct types botanicals. They trigger defense leads extension limits resilience inducing mental For first time, justifies potential particularly hybrid preparation (BHP) Arctic Root Ashwagandha, providing rationale use individuals experiencing fatigue. provided insight into future research network pharmacology preventing rehabilitating following trauma, infections.

Язык: Английский

---

Exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics causes anxiety and depressive-like behavior and down-regulates EAAT2 expression in mice

Archives of Toxicology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

NMR Metabolomic Profiling of Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells: Amyloid-β Toxicity and Protective Effects of Galantamine and Lycorine

Cells, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(7), С. 525 - 525

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, metal dyshomeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Current treatments provide only symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This study investigates effects of alkaloids galantamine (GAL) lycorine (LYC) in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, an established vitro model AD, which acquire neuronal phenotype upon differentiation. Using untargeted targeted NMR-based metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis, we analyzed extracellular profiles under basal conditions following Aβ42 exposure, both presence absence GAL LYC. Our findings reveal distinct responses to Aβ toxicity, significant alterations pyruvate glutamine metabolism. Both LYC contributed restoration lysine homeostasis, but had more pronounced effect, better sustaining cellular energy balance function. Unlike LYC, treatment was associated accumulation, response between two compounds. These variations may reflect mechanisms action, potentially influencing their roles counteracting Aβ-induced toxicity. highlights value profiling assessing neuroprotective agents reinforces potential natural this context.

Язык: Английский

---