Inflammatory response in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury: The role of XCL1‐XCR1 axis and T cells

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord (SCI) are acquired injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) caused by external forces that cause temporary or permanent sensory motor impairments potential for long‐term disability even death. These conditions currently lack effective treatments impose substantial physical, social, economic burdens on millions of people families worldwide. TBI SCI involve intricate pathological mechanisms, inflammatory response contributes significantly secondary in SCI. It plays a crucial role prolonging post‐CNS trauma period becomes focal point therapeutic intervention. Previous research has traditionally concentrated glial cells, such as astrocytes microglia. However, increasing evidence highlights involvement lymphocytes CNS injury, particularly CD8 + T cells NK along with their downstream XCL1‐XCR1 axis. Objective This review aims provide an overview axis T‐cell inflammation identify targets therapy. Methods We conducted comprehensive search PubMed Web Science using relevant keywords related axis, response, TBI, Results study examines upstream pathways involved SCI, including interleukin‐15 (IL‐15), interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), CD4 XCL1, XCR1 dendritic interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), helper T0 (Th0 cells), T1 (Th1 T17 (Th17 cells). describe proinflammatory effect Conclusions The findings suggest have great preclinical investigations

Язык: Английский

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Targeting the chemokines in acute graft-versus-host disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for patients with malignant hematological disorders. Nevertheless, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), one of the most prevalent complications associated HSCT, remains leading contributor to non-relapse mortality. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on interplay between chemokines and their receptors in context GVHD. Chemokines exert substantial effects across various pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory processes, tumorigenesis, metastatic dissemination. this review, we aim elucidate role pathogenesis GVHD further understand potential as diagnostic biomarkers. We also present both preclinical clinical insights into application preventing treating The objective review is offer novel perspectives diagnosis management strategies

Язык: Английский

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Certolizumab enhances spinal cord injury recovery in rats through inhibition of the TNF-α signaling pathway and neuronal apoptosis

Inflammopharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI), which is characterized by motor and/or sensory dysfunction, presents a significant health challenge resulting from mechanical trauma. Secondary injury, follows the trauma and driven factors such as inflammation, plays critical role in SCI pathophysiology. Scientific evidence indicates that treatment strategies aimed at modulating inflammation during acute phase of alleviate seconder injury. In this regard, present study seeks to evaluate effectiveness certolizumab, monoclonal antibody targeting TNF-α widely used various inflammatory diseases, model. study, Control, Trauma, Trauma + Certolizumab groups were established, each comprising eight male rats. One hour after induction, rats group administered 10 µg dissolved saline intraperitoneally, while Control received an equivalent volume saline. After Modified Tarlov Scoring was performed on seventh day experiment, all sacrificed. The effects certolizumab neuroinflammation apoptosis model evaluated using histological, biochemical, molecular analyses blood tissue samples obtained downregulated expression TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6. addition, evidenced TUNEL assay, Caspase-3 (an apoptotic marker), Score results, effectively suppressed inflammation-induced neural alleviated locomotor deficits. exerts neuroprotective effect against secondary damage through inhibition apoptosis.

Язык: Английский

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Magnetic stimulation techniques for the treatment of central nervous system lesions: a narrative review

Advanced technology in neuroscience ., Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2(1), С. 34 - 46

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Neuromodulation has experienced significant growth in recent years. This technique modulates the activity of central or peripheral nervous system via electrical magnetic fields. It can be applied to nerves, spinal cord, brain. Historically, cord stimulation been used for chronic pain management, with electrodes surgically placed around a method known as epidural stimulation. Recently, this improved treatment injuries. In brain, deep brain targets basal ganglia and is primarily treat Parkinson’s disease. Over time, less invasive methods, such transcutaneous nerve (including repetitive stimulation), have emerged. Transcutaneous operates similarly but stimulates skin surface, whereas uses fields noninvasively induce currents. Repetitive clinically decades, particularly target specific cortical areas Although neurostimulation techniques long clinically, precise mechanisms involved only recently partially understood. review aims explore role treating pathologies, focus on its cellular molecular mechanisms. The comprehensive literature underscores evolving clinical research settings, highlighting continuous advancement these technologies neurological disorders suggesting potential revolution patients neurodegenerative traumatic diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Research Progress of Flavonoids in Spinal Cord Injury: Therapeutic Mechanisms and Drug Delivery Strategies

Phytotherapy Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological disease with an extremely high disability rate. Most patients show loss of motor and sensory functions below the level injury. Current treatment protocols are based on early surgical decompression pharmacotherapy. However, efficacy these interventions suboptimal. Due to its complex pathophysiological mechanisms difficulty central nervous system (CNS) regeneration, exploring effective therapeutic remains daunting. Flavonoids secondary metabolites unique plants that have attracted attention in recent years for their potential now commonly used inflammation, tumors, other diseases. For SCI, related studies still exploring; some compounds, such as quercetin, fisetin, hesperetin, shown good anti-inflammatory anti-apoptotic properties, which help restore function injured spinal cord. flavonoids exhibit certain disadvantages, including poor solubility, low bioavailability, inability achieve long-term controlled release. Some proposed drug delivery strategies-including nanoparticles, hydrogels, collagen scaffolds-to enhance efficacy. In this paper, we summarize strategies SCI by searching relevant literature propose future research directions provide new ideas multimodal SCI.

Язык: Английский

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Electroacupuncture promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats by regulating P2X4R/p38 MAPK signaling pathway and suppressing inflammatory responses

Neuroreport, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

This study aimed to investigate whether electroacupuncture can modulate the purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thereby reducing inflammatory responses and facilitating functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). The SCI was developed female rats. intervention began on seventh day after modeling, mainly Jiaji, Dazhui, Mingmen. Sensory function evaluated via mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) thermal latency (TWL), while motor measured using Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system footprint analysis. To analyze expression related P2X4R/p38 MAPK signaling pathways, methods such as immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting were utilized. evaluate levels cytokines, ELISAs Additionally, hematoxylin eosin staining, histological alterations tissue investigated. results showed that MWT, TWL, BBB scores decreased, P2X4R, phosphorylated-p38 MAPK, phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 increased, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 elevated, histopathological damage more pronounced SCI. However, treatment effectively reversed these pathological changes. We demonstrate alleviate rats by inhibiting activation pathway response.

Язык: Английский

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Interleukin-12 modulates sleep–wake activity and improves performance in a memory task

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2024

Abstract Background Cytokines, known for their pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, are also key regulators of sleep–wake cycles. Classical pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), associated with increased sleep, particularly slow-wave sleep (SWS), while like interleukin-10 (IL-10), generally reduce duration. Given the essential role in memory consolidation, this study aimed to investigate whether interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine, could increase duration following acquisition task subsequently improve performance. Male Swiss mice were surgically implanted electrodes electrocorticogram (ECoG) electromyogram (EMG) recordings track After recovery period, baseline activity was recorded. The then randomly assigned two groups treated either IL-12 (0.5 µg, i.p.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control, administered immediately before multiple-trial inhibitory avoidance (MTIA) task, behavioral test used assess Following session, recorded continuous 24-h period. Results Mice exhibited longer latency cross into dark compartment during MTIA test, indicating improved retention compared control group. Interestingly, performance prolonged wakefulness, first three hours after acquisition. Conclusion shows that can through wake episodes rather than sleep. This finding challenges conventional understanding is primary state suggesting under specific conditions, wakefulness may play supporting processes. Further research needed explore underlying mechanisms IL-12's cognitive effects.

Язык: Английский

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Machine learning to predict radiomics models of classical trigeminal neuralgia response to percutaneous balloon compression treatment

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2024

Classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) seriously affects patients' quality of life. Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) is a surgical program for treating neuralgia. But some patients are ineffective or relapse after treatment. The aim to use machine learning construct clinical imaging models predict treatment (PBC).

Язык: Английский

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