Obesity: A critical risk factor in the COVID ‐19 pandemic

Clinical Obesity, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(6)

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2020

Summary Obesity is an emerging independent risk factor for susceptibility to and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Previous viral pandemics have shown that obesity, particularly obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m 2 ), associated with increased hospitalization, critical care admission fatalities. In this narrative review, we examine evidence influence on COVID‐19, challenges clinical management from pulmonary, endocrine immune dysfunctions in individuals identify potential areas further research. We recommend people be deemed a vulnerable group COVID‐19; trials pharmacotherapeutics, immunotherapies vaccination should prioritize inclusion obesity.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on eating disorders and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

European Eating Disorders Review, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 29(6), С. 826 - 841

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2021

Abstract Objective This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine: the pooled prevalence of symptomatic behaviours mental health deterioration amongst individuals with eating disorders (EDs) obesity during COVID‐19 confinement. Moreover, we examined changes in EDs distress before confinement, association between psychosocial factors symptoms. Method A search was carried out biomedical databases from January 2020 2021. Both cross‐sectional longitudinal studies that used quantitative measures ED symptoms psychological after confinement were included. Results total 26 met inclusion criteria ( n = 3399, 85.7% female). The 65% (95% CI[48,81], k 10). increased weight 52% CI[25,78], 4). More than half participants experienced depression anxiety. at least 75% reported shape concerns, thinking about exercising. However, analyses showed no significant differences pre‐pandemic levels first lockdown phase Body Mass Index symptoms, whereas only few suggested distress, particularly among anorexia nervosa. Conclusions majority worsening lockdown. further are needed identify vulnerable groups, as well long‐term consequences COVID‐19.

Язык: Английский

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Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 398(10317), С. 2160 - 2172

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Neutralizing antibodies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(10), С. 2293 - 2306

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2021

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) initiates the infection process by binding to viral cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 through receptor-binding domain (RBD) in S1 subunit of spike (S) protein. This event is followed virus–cell membrane fusion mediated S2 subunit, which allows virus entry into host cell. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 S protein a key therapeutic target, and prevention treatment coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have focused on development neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) that target this In review, we summarize nAbs targeting proteins been developed date, with focus N-terminal RBD We also describe roles affinity, activity, protection provided these play COVID-19 discuss potential improve nAb efficiency against multiple variants. review provides important information for effective broad-spectrum activity current future strains.

Язык: Английский

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Chronic respiratory diseases are predictors of severe outcome in COVID-19 hospitalised patients: a nationwide study

European Respiratory Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 58(6), С. 2004474 - 2004474

Опубликована: Май 20, 2021

Background Influenza epidemics were initially considered to be a suitable model for the COVID-19 epidemic, but there is lack of data concerning patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), who supposed at risk severe forms COVID-19. Methods This nationwide retrospective cohort study describes prior lung disease hospitalised (March–April 2020) or influenza (2018–2019 outbreak). We compared resulting pulmonary complications, need intensive care and in-hospital mortality depending on history virus. Results In 89 530 cases, 16.03% had least one CRD, which was significantly less frequently than in 45 819 seasonal patients. Patients suffering from failure, obstructive disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis hypertension under-represented, contrary those cancer, sleep apnoea, emphysema interstitial diseases. CRDs developed more ventilator-associated pneumonia embolism They needed often higher rate (except asthma) when without influenza. Conclusions globally likely influenza, developing illness.

Язык: Английский

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Economic burden of childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Obesity Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2022

Summary To update existing literature and fill the gap in meta‐analyses, this meta‐analysis quantitatively evaluated worldwide economic burden (in 2022 US $) of childhood overweight obesity comparison with healthy weight. The search eight databases produced 7756 records. After screening, 48 articles met eligibility criteria. increased annual total medical costs were $237.55 per capita attributable to obesity. Overweight caused a increase $56.52, $14.27, $46.38, $1975.06 for nonhospital healthcare, outpatient visits, medication, hospitalization, respectively. Length hospital stays by 0.28 days. Annual direct indirect projected be $13.62 billion $49.02 2050. Childhood ascribed much higher healthcare than overweight. During childhood, expenditures males females, but, once reaching adulthood, females. Overall, lifetime resulted costs. Given burden, additional efforts resources should allocated support sustainable scalable programs.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients: what have we learned one year later? A cohort study from a tertiary center

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 44(4), С. 533 - 542

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2022

Kidney transplant (KT) recipients have a high risk for adverse outcomes from infections, such as COVID-19.We retrospectively reviewed all KT with documented COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and 15, 2021, analyzed patients' characteristics, clinical course, treatment, outcomes.We identified 123 patients, 72% were male, mean age of 54.5±13.0 years. Twenty percent asymptomatic, 7% had nosocomial transmission, 36% the remainder required hospitalization. Almost admitted patients received oxygen, 30% invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), more than half acute kidney injury, 10% requiring dialysis, 20% died. Incidence was comparable to that Portuguese population, but mortality rate almost four times higher (SMR 3.768 (95% CI:1.723-7.154). Higher body mass index (OR 1.275, P=0.001), lower baseline graft function 0.968, P=0.015), transmission 13.836, P=0.019) associated oxygen demand, whereas female gender 3.801, P=0.031) 0.955, P=0.005), not index, IMV and/or death.Mortality in general population most consistent marker outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Long term outcomes of metabolic/bariatric surgery in adults

BMJ, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. e071027 - e071027

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise around the world, driving up need for effective and durable treatments. field metabolic/bariatric surgery has grown rapidly in past 25 years, with observational studies randomized controlled trials investigating a broad range long term outcomes. Metabolic/bariatric results significant weight loss improvements comorbid conditions, including type 2 diabetes. Observational show that is associated lower incidence cardiovascular events, cancer, death. Weight regain risk fraction patients, an association exists between increased developing substance alcohol use disorders, suicidal ideation/attempts, accidental Patients lifelong follow-up help reduce these complications other nutritional deficiencies. Different surgical procedures have important differences risks benefits, clear more research about less invasive emerging procedures. Recent guidelines treatment metabolic conditions been updated reflect this growth knowledge, expansion eligibility criteria, particularly people diabetes body mass index 30.0 34.9.

Язык: Английский

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Perspective: Nutrition Health Disparities Framework: A Model to Advance Health Equity

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(4), С. 100194 - 100194

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Disparities in nutrition, such as poor diet quality and inadequate nutrient intake, arise from multiple factors are related to adverse health outcomes obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, some cancers. The aim of the current perspective is present a nutrition-centric socioecological framework that delineates determinants contribute nutrition-related disparities among disadvantaged populations. Nutrition Health Framework (NHDF) describes domains (biological, behavioral, physical/built environment, sociocultural healthcare system) influence through lens each level (that is, individual, interpersonal, community, societal). On basis scientific literature, authors engaged consensus decision making selecting within domain when creating NHDF. identifies how neighborhood food availability access (individual/built environment) intersect with cultural norms practices (interpersonal/sociocultural dietary behaviors, exposures, risk diet-related diseases. In addition, NHDF shows genetic predisposition (individual/biology), family (interpersonal/behavioral), marketing policies (societal) may impact consumption unhealthy foods beverages increase chronic disease risk. Family peer (interpersonal/behavior) breastfeeding early childhood nutrition interact resource-poor environments lack preventive settings (societal/healthcare low usage federal programs (societal/behavioral), which during insecurity. synergistic interrelationships at different levels model exacerbate disparities. useful resource for researchers, practitioners, industry leaders, policymakers interested improving promoting equity diverse

Язык: Английский

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Unfolding the Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in China

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 23(1), С. e26089 - e26089

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2020

Background China is at the forefront of global efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines and has five fast-tracked candidates final-stage, large-scale human clinical trials testing phase. Vaccine-promoting policymaking for public engagement a prerequisite social mobilization. However, making an informed judicious choice dilemma Chinese government in vaccine promotion context. Objective In this study, opinions were analyzed via dialogues on media, based which netizens’ views vaccination investigated. We also aimed strategies promoting programs in-depth understanding challenges risk communication Methods proposed novel behavioral dynamics model, SRS/I (susceptible-reading-susceptible/immune), analyze opinion transmission paradigms media. Coupled with meta-analysis natural language processing techniques, emotion polarity individual was examined their given Results collected more than 1.75 million Weibo messages about from January October 2020. According reproduction ratio (R0), dynamic propagation those can be classified into three periods: ferment period (R01=1.1360), revolution (R02=2.8278), (R03=3.0729). Topics acceptance include price side effects. From September October, users claimed that overpriced, up 18.3% (n=899) messages; 38.1% (n=81,909) relevant topics received likes. On contrary, number considered reasonably priced twice as high but fewer likes, accounting 25.0% (n=53,693). addition, we obtained 441 (47.7%) positive 295 (31.9%) negative Interestingly, inactivated instigated heated discussions any other type. The discussions, forwards, comments, likes associated related accounted 53% (n=588), 42% (n=3072), 56% (n=3671), 49% (n=17,940), respectively, total activity types China. Conclusions Most netizens believe less expensive previously thought, while some claim they cannot afford it entire family. findings demonstrate individuals are inclined effects over time proud China’s involvement development. Nevertheless, have collective misunderstanding vaccines, insisting safer vaccines. Reflecting responses, unfolding determinants provide illuminating benchmarks vaccine-promoting policies.

Язык: Английский

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