Machine learning in marine ecology: an overview of techniques and applications

ICES Journal of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 80(7), С. 1829 - 1853

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023

Abstract Machine learning covers a large set of algorithms that can be trained to identify patterns in data. Thanks the increase amount data and computing power available, it has become pervasive across scientific disciplines. We first highlight why machine is needed marine ecology. Then we provide quick primer on techniques vocabulary. built database ∼1000 publications implement such analyse ecology For various types (images, optical spectra, acoustics, omics, geolocations, biogeochemical profiles, satellite imagery), present historical perspective applications proved influential, serve as templates for new work, or represent diversity approaches. Then, illustrate how used better understand ecological systems, by combining sources Through this coverage literature, demonstrate an proportion studies use learning, pervasiveness images source, dominance classification-type problems, shift towards deep all types. This overview meant guide researchers who wish apply methods their datasets.

Язык: Английский

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Ocean protection quality is lagging behind quantity: Applying a scientific framework to assess real marine protected area progress against the 30 by 30 target

Conservation Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract The international community set a global conservation target to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 (“30 × 30”) reverse biodiversity loss, including through marine protected areas (MPAs). However, varied MPAs result in significantly different outcomes, making MPA coverage alone an inadequate metric. We used Guide framework assess world's largest 100 area, representing nearly 90% reported and 7.3% analyzed distribution quality across political ecological regions. A quarter assessed is not implemented, one‐third incompatible with nature. Two factors contribute this outcome: (1) many lack regulations or management, (2) some allow high‐impact activities. Fully highly account for area but are unevenly distributed ecoregions part because nations have designated large, their overseas remote territories. Indicators quality, only coverage, needed ensure network that covers effectively safeguards representative ecosystems from destructive human

Язык: Английский

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Global expansion of marine protected areas and the redistribution of fishing effort

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(29)

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024

The expansion of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a core focus global conservation efforts, with the “30x30” initiative to protect 30% ocean by 2030 serving as prominent example this trend. We consider series proposed MPA network expansions various sizes, and we forecast impact increase in protection would have on patterns fishing effort. do so building predictive machine learning model trained dataset satellite-based vessel monitoring data, current locations, spatiotemporal environmental, geographic, political, economic features. then use predict future effort under scenarios compared business-as-usual counterfactual scenario that includes no new MPAs. difference between these represents predicted change associated expansion. find regardless objectives or size, decrease inside MPAs, though much less than 100%. Moreover, reduction MPAs does not simply redistribute outside—rather, outside also decline. overall magnitude principally depends where networks are placed relation existing will lead redistribution should be accounted for design, implementation, evaluation.

Язык: Английский

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A Scientific Synthesis of Marine Protected Areas in the United States: Status and Recommendations

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Май 18, 2022

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a key tool for achieving goals biodiversity conservation and human well-being, including improving climate resilience equitable access to nature. At national level, they central components in the U.S. commitment conserve at least 30% of waters by 2030. By definition, primary goal an MPA is long-term nature; however, not all MPAs provide same ecological social benefits. A system that equitable, well-managed, representative connected, includes level protection can deliver desired outcomes best positioned support goals. We used new framework, The Guide, assess stage establishment 50 largest MPAs, which make up 99.7% total area (3.19 million km 2 ). Over 96% this area, 99% fully or highly against extractive destructive activities, Pacific ocean. Total other regions sparse – only 1.9% ocean excluding any kind (120,976 three quarters non-central lightly minimally activities. These results highlight urgent need improve quality, quantity, representativeness bring benefits marine communities. identify review state science, focal lessons learned from places where sound design principles come together set achieve equity, resilience, conservation. recommend opportunities action specific context, increasing funding, research, existing MPAs.

Язык: Английский

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Balancing protection and production in ocean conservation

npj Ocean Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Abstract With the acceleration of global biodiversity and climate crises, need to protect sustainably manage ocean resources has never been greater. However, science needed integrate protection (through marine protected areas OECMs) sustainable production in blue economy (particularly pelagic fisheries) remains underdeveloped contested. The scientific divide knowledge gaps still remaining have created serious real-world challenges for practitioners seeking reconcile approaches, is hindering progress achieving conservation targets. Here, we identify vital necessary bring together “twin pillars” production, integrating mutually reinforcing meaningful protections at scale, while also driving management systems internationally accepted sustainability standards. research community must rapidly develop this new horizon – particularly ecosystems - aid countries development

Язык: Английский

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Bias in Global Fishing Watch AIS data analyses results in overestimate of Northeast Atlantic pelagic fishing impact

ICES Journal of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 82(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Abstract The ability to pinpoint fishing activity in the world’s oceans has greatly improved over past decades, a period which both satellite-based vessel monitoring systems (VMS) and automatic identification (AIS) were introduced for fisheries control maritime safety purposes, respectively. These data have been used extensively research brought new insights into spatial temporal activities of many different fleets. More recently, products from Global Fishing Watch (GFW), derived AIS analyses, boosted research. This is because GFW resulting identified events reported globally at high resolution. However, working with pre-processed comes risk scientists who may rely on are unable change underlying assumptions by define events. In this study, we compare defined self-sampling programmes board two large pelagic fleets Northeast Atlantic. Within these programmes, exact position time hauls meticulously reported, allowing comparison number haul duration. Results reveal that made lead an overestimated duration gear deployment within range 30%–380%, depending target species type. addition, comparing unprocessed VMS data, demonstrate it likely vessels search fish using sonar echosounder equipment mistaken deployment. We recommend authorities allow free access or organizations such as work closer sector scientific community improve their products.

Язык: Английский

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Clustering of disaggregated fisheries data reveals functional longline fleets across the Pacific

One Earth, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(9), С. 1002 - 1018

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Ensuring the long-term sustainability of tuna, billfish, and other transboundary fisheries resources begins with data on status stocks, as well information concerning who catches what fish, when, where, how. Despite recent improvements in monitoring surveillance, such dynamics remain poorly understood across high seas. Here we delineate describe pelagic longline activity Pacific Ocean using a framework that integrates descriptive vessel tracking species-specific catch reports. When parsed by distinct behaviors attributes, disaggregated highlight existence multi-national, multi-specific (i.e., targeting multiple species) fishing fleets, many which target waters span more than one management area. Our findings emphasize need for increased coordination regional sub-regional governance bodies suggest effective equitable sector may require efforts to move beyond single-species, single-area controls operational distinctions based primarily flag and/or gear type alone.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating ecological benefits of oceanic protected areas

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 39(2), С. 175 - 187

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The Former Pelagic Longline Fishery of a Large‐Scale Marine Protected Area

Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The establishment of large‐scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) has emerged as one the defining trends in ocean conservation over recent decades. To assess potential benefits such designations, it is necessary to understand nature threats that have been excluded. Here, we summarise 25 years historical catch and effort data for a pelagic longline fishery formerly operated within recently designated LSMPA surrounding Ascension Island (UK), using compiled from logbooks observer programmes. Licenced fishing by foreign vessels (primarily flagged Taiwan Japan) intermittently exclusive economic zone (EEZ) between 1988 2016, with peaking at 5000 t year −1 early 1990s. Bigeye tuna ( Thunnus obesus ) was dominant species targeted (76% total weight) whilst oceanic sharks (e.g. blue shark Prionace glauca other predatory finfish longnose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox appear presented sizable bycatch risk, accounting 37% individuals caught local data. displayed strong seasonality, two thirds activity occurring December March consistently concentrated northwest EEZ. This distribution closely aligns satellite‐derived vessel tracking which suggests regional hotspot remains high seas area adjacent MPA. Our results suggest fish will be most direct beneficiaries MPA, although mobility these may lessen any impacts, given intense areas. While illegal threat, spatiotemporal predictability historic useful identifying elevated risk enforcement this large, remote

Язык: Английский

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Overview of Marine Protected Areas and Sites of Particular Biodiversity Value in the Adriatic—Ionian Region (EUSAIR)

Diversity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(2), С. 131 - 131

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2025

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an important tool for conserving biodiversity and ensuring the sustainable use of marine ecosystem services. This study examines extent MPAs in Adriatic-Ionian region (EUSAIR). The analysis focuses on nationally designated Natura 2000 sites (their parts), as well importance that not officially protected. With a area 484,017 km2, EUSAIR has 46 348 2021, which together represent 16,347 km2 or 3.4% region’s total area. However, strictly IUCN categories I II account only 0.07% area, highlighting significant gap achieving global EU targets. In addition, around 30.75% is classified based various conservation instruments, but legally These findings underline urgent need enhanced protection, improved management stricter measures to achieve targets Kunmingand Montreal Global Biodiversity Frameworks Strategy 2030, aims have 30% 10% under strict protection by 2030. Achieving 2030 will require expansion intensified efforts designate new MPAs, integrate existing high ensure effective consistent with objectives.

Язык: Английский

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