Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(42)
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024
The
amount
of
ocean
protected
from
fishing
and
other
human
impacts
has
often
been
used
as
a
metric
conservation
progress.
However,
protection
efforts
have
highly
variable
outcomes
that
depend
on
local
conditions,
which
makes
it
difficult
to
quantify
what
coral
reef
date
actually
achieved
at
global
scale.
Here,
we
develop
predictive
model
how
conditions
influence
~2,600
sites
across
44
ecoregions,
much
more
fish
biomass
there
is
reefs
compared
modeled
scenario
with
no
protection.
Under
the
assumptions
our
model,
study
reveals
without
existing
would
be
~10%
less
reefs.
Thus,
estimate
led
approximately
1
in
every
10
kg
biomass.
One Earth,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
5(10), С. 1126 - 1138
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2022
Marine
protected
areas
(MPAs)
are
increasingly
being
promoted
as
an
ocean-based
climate
solution.
However,
such
claims
remain
controversial
because
of
the
diffuse
and
poorly
synthesized
literature
on
benefits
MPAs.
To
address
this
knowledge
gap,
we
conducted
a
systematic
review
22,403
publications
spanning
241
MPAs
analyzed
these
across
16
ecological
social
pathways
through
which
could
contribute
to
change
mitigation
adaptation.
Our
meta-analysis
demonstrates
that
marine
conservation
can
significantly
enhance
carbon
sequestration,
coastal
protection,
biodiversity,
reproductive
capacity
organisms
well
fishers'
catch
income.
Most
only
achieved
in
fully
or
highly
increase
with
MPA
age.
Although
alone
cannot
offset
all
impacts,
they
useful
tool
for
adaptation
social-ecological
systems.
Conservation Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(3)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Abstract
The
international
community
set
a
global
conservation
target
to
protect
at
least
30%
of
the
ocean
by
2030
(“30
×
30”)
reverse
biodiversity
loss,
including
through
marine
protected
areas
(MPAs).
However,
varied
MPAs
result
in
significantly
different
outcomes,
making
MPA
coverage
alone
an
inadequate
metric.
We
used
Guide
framework
assess
world's
largest
100
area,
representing
nearly
90%
reported
and
7.3%
analyzed
distribution
quality
across
political
ecological
regions.
A
quarter
assessed
is
not
implemented,
one‐third
incompatible
with
nature.
Two
factors
contribute
this
outcome:
(1)
many
lack
regulations
or
management,
(2)
some
allow
high‐impact
activities.
Fully
highly
account
for
area
but
are
unevenly
distributed
ecoregions
part
because
nations
have
designated
large,
their
overseas
remote
territories.
Indicators
quality,
only
coverage,
needed
ensure
network
that
covers
effectively
safeguards
representative
ecosystems
from
destructive
human
iScience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
27(3), С. 109071 - 109071
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024
Population
declines
of
vertebrates
are
common,
but
rebuilding
marine
life
may
be
possible.
We
assessed
trends
in
sea
turtle
numbers
globally,
building
61
time
series
abundance
extending
beyond
2015,
representing
monitoring
>1200
years.
Increases
were
widespread
with
significant
upward
trends,
no
change,
and
downward
28,
5
series,
respectively.
For
example,
annual
nest
increased
between
1980
2018
from
around
4,000
to
16,000
for
green
turtles
at
Aldabra
(Seychelles,
Indian
Ocean)
2008
2020
500
35,000
loggerhead
Sal
(Cape
Verde,
north
Atlantic).
However,
conservation
concerns
remain.
Major
populations
experience
declines,
such
as
Oman,
while
previous
can
reversed,
nesting
Tortuguero
(Costa
Rica,
Caribbean).
Further,
decreases
evident
several
leatherback
series.
These
show
there
is
room
complacency
conservation.
One Earth,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(9), С. 1614 - 1629
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024
To
address
the
ongoing
deterioration
of
marine
ecosystems
and
its
consequences
on
livelihood,
European
Union
(EU)
now
aims
to
achieve
30%
coverage
Marine
Protected
Areas
(MPAs),
with
10%
under
strict
protection
per
region.Here,
we
provide
first
assessment
levels
EU
MPAs,
describing
level
legal
restrictions
activities
using
MPA
Guide
framework.While
MPAs
covered
11.4%
national
waters
in
2022,
0.2%
were
fully
or
highly
protected.As
much
as
86%
showed
low
protection,
would
not
be
considered
compatible
conservation
objectives
they
allow
industrial
activities.Most
minimal
across
Member
States,
sea
regions,
types
MPAs.The
network
likely
provides
limited
ecological
outcomes.Reaching
EU's
target
will
require
radical
changes
regulations
MPAs.
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
8
Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2021
Making
up
over
92%
of
life
in
our
oceans,
marine
invertebrates
inhabit
every
zone
the
water
column,
with
contributions
ranging
from
ecosystem
functioning
to
socioeconomic
development.
Compared
charismatic
species,
are
often
underrepresented
IUCN
reports
and
national
conservation
efforts.
Because
this,
as
climate
change
intensifies
conjunction
increasing
anthropogenic
pressures
such
habitat
destruction,
many
at
risk
silently
heading
toward
extinction.
However,
public
perception
has
shifted
recent
years
due
growing
awareness
important
roles
these
play
human
life.
This
may
promote
greater
support
for
future
research
campaigns
key
species.
review
highlights
importance
invertebrates,
environmental
stressors
they
currently
facing,
inherent
challenges
their
successful
conservation.
Potential
solutions
fill
gaps
current
knowledge
will
be
also
explored
context
globalization
technological
advancements.
The
loss
invertebrate
biodiversity
have
cascading
ecological,
economic,
sociological
repercussions,
so
compiling
information
into
a
holistic
add
conversation
global
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Май 18, 2022
Marine
protected
areas
(MPAs)
are
a
key
tool
for
achieving
goals
biodiversity
conservation
and
human
well-being,
including
improving
climate
resilience
equitable
access
to
nature.
At
national
level,
they
central
components
in
the
U.S.
commitment
conserve
at
least
30%
of
waters
by
2030.
By
definition,
primary
goal
an
MPA
is
long-term
nature;
however,
not
all
MPAs
provide
same
ecological
social
benefits.
A
system
that
equitable,
well-managed,
representative
connected,
includes
level
protection
can
deliver
desired
outcomes
best
positioned
support
goals.
We
used
new
framework,
The
Guide,
assess
stage
establishment
50
largest
MPAs,
which
make
up
99.7%
total
area
(3.19
million
km
2
).
Over
96%
this
area,
99%
fully
or
highly
against
extractive
destructive
activities,
Pacific
ocean.
Total
other
regions
sparse
–
only
1.9%
ocean
excluding
any
kind
(120,976
three
quarters
non-central
lightly
minimally
activities.
These
results
highlight
urgent
need
improve
quality,
quantity,
representativeness
bring
benefits
marine
communities.
identify
review
state
science,
focal
lessons
learned
from
places
where
sound
design
principles
come
together
set
achieve
equity,
resilience,
conservation.
recommend
opportunities
action
specific
context,
increasing
funding,
research,
existing
MPAs.
Conservation Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
38(1)
Опубликована: Май 19, 2022
The
ecology
and
function
of
rocky
temperate
mesophotic
ecosystems
(TMEs)
remain
poorly
understood
globally
despite
their
widespread
distribution.
They
typically
occur
at
20-150
m
(the
limit
photosynthesis),
on
substratum
they
support
rich
benthic
communities
mobile
fauna.
We
determined
the
distribution
TMEs,
conservation
status,
most
characteristic
biological
groups.
Rocky
TMEs
were
dominated
by
algae,
turf-invertebrate
matrices
(<50
only),
sponges,
bryozoans,
cnidarians.
community
composition
differed
significantly
from
shallow
(0-15
m)
subtidal
reefs.
Data
geographically
biased
variable,
available
only
North
South
Atlantic,
Mediterranean,
Temperate
Australasia.
Degree
protection
varied
considerably
across
world.
biggest
threats
to
identified
changes
in
temperature,
sedimentation
rates,
nutrient
concentrations,
certain
fishing
types.
propose
a
framework
inform
future
TME
management
conservation,
highlighting
need
recognize
importance
these
biologically
diverse
functionally
important
ecosystems.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022
In
the
face
of
an
accelerating
extinction
crisis,
scientists
must
draw
insights
from
successful
conservation
interventions
to
uncover
promising
strategies
for
reversing
broader
declines.
Here,
we
synthesize
cases
recovery
a
list
362
species
large
carnivores,
ecologically
important
that
function
as
terminal
consumers
in
many
ecological
contexts.
Large
carnivores
represent
critical
targets
have
experienced
historical
declines
result
direct
exploitation
and
habitat
loss.
We
examine
taxonomic
geographic
variation
current
risk
indices,
identify
actions
associated
with
positive
outcomes,
reveal
anthropogenic
threats
linked
ongoing
find
fewer
than
10%
global
carnivore
populations
are
increasing,
only
12
(3.3%)
genuine
improvement
risk,
mostly
limited
recoveries
among
marine
mammals.
Recovery
is
legislation
enacted
at
national
international
levels,
management
exploitation.
Conversely,
robustly
include
modification
human
conflict.
Applying
lessons
will
be
crucial
restoring
intact
ecosystems
maintaining
services
they
provide
humans.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
20(1), С. e0307324 - e0307324
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Marine
protected
areas
(MPAs)
are
an
important
tool
in
helping
to
protect
biodiversity
the
oceans.
Recent
ratification
of
Kunming-Montreal
Global
Biodiversity
Framework
(GBF)
has
ensured
that
globally
we
committed
effectively
protecting
30%
world’s
oceans
by
2030,
MPAs.
In
Australia
there
is
considerable
interest
potential
benefits
partially
(PPAs)
may
provide.
However,
a
consistent
definition
PPA
currently
lacking,
and
urgently
needed
conduct
quantitative
analyses
PPAs.
We
conducted
systematic
literature
review
understand
current
knowledge
surrounding
PPAs
their
benefits.
define
PPA,
characterise
implementation
Australia,
present
results
for
outcomes
terms
ecological,
economic,
social
indicators.
Our
suggests
although
45%
Australia’s
marine
environment
within
MPAs,
61%
MPAs
provide
only
partial
protection.
The
Northern
Territory
(100%),
New
South
Wales
(81%),
Queensland
(79.8%)
have
highest
percentage
protected,
compared
Tasmania
which
smallest
(13.12%).
also
cover
(6.49%
state
waters).
Most
management
plans
did
not
contain
quantifiable
Key
Performance
Indicators
(KPIs)
be
able
monitor
progress
these
against
stated
outcomes.
find
ambiguous:
generally
when
‘open’
ocean,
however
this
result.
There
no
greater
overall
fully
Only
one
(South
Australia)
Commonwealth
(Australian
Parks)
collecting
publicly
available
baseline
data
facilitate
monitoring
Contrary
fisheries
management,
were
action
if
declared
failed
meet
objectives
goals.
Some
appear
incompatible
with
conservation
priorities
according
recent
“MPA
Guide”
classification
framework.
This
study
highlights
need
clearer
rationale
as
comprise
majority
Exclusive
Economic
Zone.