Ocean conservation boosts climate change mitigation and adaptation

One Earth, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(10), С. 1126 - 1138

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2022

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being promoted as an ocean-based climate solution. However, such claims remain controversial because of the diffuse and poorly synthesized literature on benefits MPAs. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review 22,403 publications spanning 241 MPAs analyzed these across 16 ecological social pathways through which could contribute to change mitigation adaptation. Our meta-analysis demonstrates that marine conservation can significantly enhance carbon sequestration, coastal protection, biodiversity, reproductive capacity organisms well fishers' catch income. Most only achieved in fully or highly increase with MPA age. Although alone cannot offset all impacts, they useful tool for adaptation social-ecological systems.

Язык: Английский

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Ocean protection quality is lagging behind quantity: Applying a scientific framework to assess real marine protected area progress against the 30 by 30 target

Conservation Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract The international community set a global conservation target to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 (“30 × 30”) reverse biodiversity loss, including through marine protected areas (MPAs). However, varied MPAs result in significantly different outcomes, making MPA coverage alone an inadequate metric. We used Guide framework assess world's largest 100 area, representing nearly 90% reported and 7.3% analyzed distribution quality across political ecological regions. A quarter assessed is not implemented, one‐third incompatible with nature. Two factors contribute this outcome: (1) many lack regulations or management, (2) some allow high‐impact activities. Fully highly account for area but are unevenly distributed ecoregions part because nations have designated large, their overseas remote territories. Indicators quality, only coverage, needed ensure network that covers effectively safeguards representative ecosystems from destructive human

Язык: Английский

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Co-benefits of marine protected areas for nature and people

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(10), С. 1210 - 1218

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A pulse check for trends in sea turtle numbers across the globe

iScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(3), С. 109071 - 109071

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

Population declines of vertebrates are common, but rebuilding marine life may be possible. We assessed trends in sea turtle numbers globally, building 61 time series abundance extending beyond 2015, representing monitoring >1200 years. Increases were widespread with significant upward trends, no change, and downward 28, 5 series, respectively. For example, annual nest increased between 1980 2018 from around 4,000 to 16,000 for green turtles at Aldabra (Seychelles, Indian Ocean) 2008 2020 500 35,000 loggerhead Sal (Cape Verde, north Atlantic). However, conservation concerns remain. Major populations experience declines, such as Oman, while previous can reversed, nesting Tortuguero (Costa Rica, Caribbean). Further, decreases evident several leatherback series. These show there is room complacency conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Over 80% of the European Union’s marine protected area only marginally regulates human activities

One Earth, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(9), С. 1614 - 1629

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024

To address the ongoing deterioration of marine ecosystems and its consequences on livelihood, European Union (EU) now aims to achieve 30% coverage Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), with 10% under strict protection per region.Here, we provide first assessment levels EU MPAs, describing level legal restrictions activities using MPA Guide framework.While MPAs covered 11.4% national waters in 2022, 0.2% were fully or highly protected.As much as 86% showed low protection, would not be considered compatible conservation objectives they allow industrial activities.Most minimal across Member States, sea regions, types MPAs.The network likely provides limited ecological outcomes.Reaching EU's target will require radical changes regulations MPAs.

Язык: Английский

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Often Overlooked: Understanding and Meeting the Current Challenges of Marine Invertebrate Conservation

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2021

Making up over 92% of life in our oceans, marine invertebrates inhabit every zone the water column, with contributions ranging from ecosystem functioning to socioeconomic development. Compared charismatic species, are often underrepresented IUCN reports and national conservation efforts. Because this, as climate change intensifies conjunction increasing anthropogenic pressures such habitat destruction, many at risk silently heading toward extinction. However, public perception has shifted recent years due growing awareness important roles these play human life. This may promote greater support for future research campaigns key species. review highlights importance invertebrates, environmental stressors they currently facing, inherent challenges their successful conservation. Potential solutions fill gaps current knowledge will be also explored context globalization technological advancements. The loss invertebrate biodiversity have cascading ecological, economic, sociological repercussions, so compiling information into a holistic add conversation global

Язык: Английский

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A Scientific Synthesis of Marine Protected Areas in the United States: Status and Recommendations

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Май 18, 2022

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a key tool for achieving goals biodiversity conservation and human well-being, including improving climate resilience equitable access to nature. At national level, they central components in the U.S. commitment conserve at least 30% of waters by 2030. By definition, primary goal an MPA is long-term nature; however, not all MPAs provide same ecological social benefits. A system that equitable, well-managed, representative connected, includes level protection can deliver desired outcomes best positioned support goals. We used new framework, The Guide, assess stage establishment 50 largest MPAs, which make up 99.7% total area (3.19 million km 2 ). Over 96% this area, 99% fully or highly against extractive destructive activities, Pacific ocean. Total other regions sparse – only 1.9% ocean excluding any kind (120,976 three quarters non-central lightly minimally activities. These results highlight urgent need improve quality, quantity, representativeness bring benefits marine communities. identify review state science, focal lessons learned from places where sound design principles come together set achieve equity, resilience, conservation. recommend opportunities action specific context, increasing funding, research, existing MPAs.

Язык: Английский

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Global status, impacts, and management of rocky temperate mesophotic ecosystems

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 38(1)

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

The ecology and function of rocky temperate mesophotic ecosystems (TMEs) remain poorly understood globally despite their widespread distribution. They typically occur at 20-150 m (the limit photosynthesis), on substratum they support rich benthic communities mobile fauna. We determined the distribution TMEs, conservation status, most characteristic biological groups. Rocky TMEs were dominated by algae, turf-invertebrate matrices (<50 only), sponges, bryozoans, cnidarians. community composition differed significantly from shallow (0-15 m) subtidal reefs. Data geographically biased variable, available only North South Atlantic, Mediterranean, Temperate Australasia. Degree protection varied considerably across world. biggest threats to identified changes in temperature, sedimentation rates, nutrient concentrations, certain fishing types. propose a framework inform future TME management conservation, highlighting need recognize importance these biologically diverse functionally important ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Glimmers of hope in large carnivore recoveries

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

In the face of an accelerating extinction crisis, scientists must draw insights from successful conservation interventions to uncover promising strategies for reversing broader declines. Here, we synthesize cases recovery a list 362 species large carnivores, ecologically important that function as terminal consumers in many ecological contexts. Large carnivores represent critical targets have experienced historical declines result direct exploitation and habitat loss. We examine taxonomic geographic variation current risk indices, identify actions associated with positive outcomes, reveal anthropogenic threats linked ongoing find fewer than 10% global carnivore populations are increasing, only 12 (3.3%) genuine improvement risk, mostly limited recoveries among marine mammals. Recovery is legislation enacted at national international levels, management exploitation. Conversely, robustly include modification human conflict. Applying lessons will be crucial restoring intact ecosystems maintaining services they provide humans.

Язык: Английский

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The ambiguous role of partially protected marine protected areas in Australia: Results from a systematic literature review

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1), С. e0307324 - e0307324

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an important tool in helping to protect biodiversity the oceans. Recent ratification of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) has ensured that globally we committed effectively protecting 30% world’s oceans by 2030, MPAs. In Australia there is considerable interest potential benefits partially (PPAs) may provide. However, a consistent definition PPA currently lacking, and urgently needed conduct quantitative analyses PPAs. We conducted systematic literature review understand current knowledge surrounding PPAs their benefits. define PPA, characterise implementation Australia, present results for outcomes terms ecological, economic, social indicators. Our suggests although 45% Australia’s marine environment within MPAs, 61% MPAs provide only partial protection. The Northern Territory (100%), New South Wales (81%), Queensland (79.8%) have highest percentage protected, compared Tasmania which smallest (13.12%). also cover (6.49% state waters). Most management plans did not contain quantifiable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) be able monitor progress these against stated outcomes. find ambiguous: generally when ‘open’ ocean, however this result. There no greater overall fully Only one (South Australia) Commonwealth (Australian Parks) collecting publicly available baseline data facilitate monitoring Contrary fisheries management, were action if declared failed meet objectives goals. Some appear incompatible with conservation priorities according recent “MPA Guide” classification framework. This study highlights need clearer rationale as comprise majority Exclusive Economic Zone.

Язык: Английский

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