A functional perspective on the meaning of the term ‘herbivore’: patterns versus processes in coral reef fishes

Coral Reefs, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(2), С. 219 - 232

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

Abstract Herbivorous fishes are a key functional group in coral reef ecosystems and have been the focus of vast body research. While substantial progress has made research, challenges persist, especially respect to quantifying patterns versus processes. Despite this challenge being recognised over 40 years ago. To help clarify such challenges, work towards solutions, perspective we explore how definition ‘herbivorous fishes’ precludes an easy translation between herbivore abundance process herbivory. Indeed, if herbivorous defined as, fish which diet is predominantly based on plant material , then encompasses diverse suite all remove primary producers varying extents markedly different impacts functioning. Given situation, our approaches directly herbivory reefs progressed. We highlight lessons learnt from macroalgal assays could be applied direct quantification algal turfs epilithic matrix (EAM); community that invariably difficult with quantify. Nevertheless, given reefs, their relative importance dynamics, widespread process-based assessment EAM represents avenue for expanding future Recognising difficulty translating herbivory, enhanced will necessary comprehensively quantify Anthropocene reefs.

Язык: Английский

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Anthropogenic nitrogen pollution threats and challenges to the health of South Asian coral reefs

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Май 24, 2023

Nitrogen pollution is a widespread and growing problem in the coastal waters of South Asia yet ecological impacts on region’s coral ecosystems are currently poorly known understood. hosts just under 7% global reef coverage but has experienced significant loss recent decades. The extent to which this ecosystem decline at regional scale can be attributed multiple threats posed by nitrogen been largely overlooked literature. Here, we assess evidence for corals central Indian Ocean India, Sri Lanka Maldives. We find that there limited with clearly demonstrate reefs from pollution, including its interactions other stressors such as seawater warming. However, does not prove no impacts, rather it reflects paucity appropriate observations related understanding range potential individual, species levels. This situation presents research, management conservation challenges given wide acceptance problematic. Following this, recommend more systematic collection sharing robust observations, modelling experimentation provide baseline base prescient control action.

Язык: Английский

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Integration of population genetics with oceanographic models reveals strong connectivity among coral reefs across Seychelles

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Abstract Many countries with tropical reef systems face hard choices preserving coral reefs in the of climate change on limited budgets. One approach to maximising regional resilience is targeting management efforts and resources at that export large numbers larvae other reefs. However, this requires connectivity be quantified. To map Seychelles system we carried out a population genomic study Porites lutea species complex using 241 sequenced colonies from multiple islands. identify oceanographic drivers quantify variability, further used 2 km resolution ocean simulation coupled larval dispersal model predict flow between sites. Patterns admixture gene are broadly supported by predictions, but realised greater than predicted simulations. Both methods detected biogeographic barrier Inner Outer Islands Seychelles. permeable substantial transport possible across Seychelles, particularly for one two putative found our study. The broad agreement observed genetic patterns supports use such simulations wider region.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of pollution, fishing pressure, and reef rugosity on resource fish biomass in West Hawaii

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2020

Abstract Human activities and land‐use drivers combine in complex ways to affect coral reef health and, turn, the diversity abundance of fauna. Here we examine impacts different marine protected area (MPA) types, various human habitat drivers, on resource fish functional groups (i.e., total fish, herbivore, grazer, scraper, browser biomass) along 180 km west coast Hawaii Island. Across survey years from 2008 2018, observed an overall decrease biomass 45%, with similar decreases seen across most groups. MPAs that prohibited a combination lay nets, aquarium collection, spear fishing were effective maintaining and/or increasing all We also found pollution, fishing, contributed changes biomass, where negative impact was nitrogen input land‐based sewage disposal. Fish relationships our study depended grouping. For surgeonfish (grazers), linked strongly rugosity. parrotfish (scrapers), better explained by commercial catch current levels are negatively affecting scraper populations. Our observations suggest regional management multiple factors, including habitat, fisheries, will benefit off

Язык: Английский

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Species richness and identity both determine the biomass of global reef fish communities

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2021

Abstract Changing biodiversity alters ecosystem functioning in nature, but the degree to which this relationship depends on taxonomic identities rather than number of species remains untested at broad scales. Here, we partition effects declining richness and changing community composition fish biomass across >3000 coral rocky reef sites globally. We find that high is 5.7x more important maximizing remaining influence other ecological environmental factors. Differences space are equally driven by both reductions total disproportionate loss larger-than-average species, exacerbated impacted humans. Our results confirm sustaining associated functions requires protecting diversity, most importantly multiple large-bodied areas subject strong human influences.

Язык: Английский

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Global assessment of marine and freshwater recreational fish reveals mismatch in climate change vulnerability and conservation effort

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(19), С. 4799 - 4824

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2021

Abstract Recreational fisheries contribute substantially to the sociocultural and economic well‐being of coastal riparian regions worldwide, but climate change threatens their sustainability. Fishery managers require information on how will impact key recreational species; however, absence a global assessment hinders both directed widespread conservation efforts. In this study, we present first vulnerability recreationally targeted fish species from marine freshwater environments (including diadromous fishes). We use projections data species’ physiological ecological traits quantify map analyze these patterns alongside indices socioeconomic value effort determine where efforts are sufficient they might fall short. found that over 20% fishes vulnerable under high emission scenario. Overall, had highest number species, concentrated in with sensitive habitat types (e.g., coral reefs). However, higher proportions at risk change, concentrations northern Europe, Australia, southern Africa. Mismatches were within all life‐history groups. A pattern was current focused primarily rather than predicted be proportionately more vulnerable. While several notably lacking protection Caribbean Sea, Banda Sea), only 19% without effort. By contrast, 72% 33% no measures place, despite cultural value. The spatial taxonomic analyses presented here provide guidance for future management as progresses.

Язык: Английский

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Greater Consideration of Animals Will Enhance Coastal Restoration Outcomes

BioScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 72(11), С. 1088 - 1098

Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2022

As efforts to restore coastal habitats accelerate, it is critical that investments are targeted most effectively mitigate and reverse habitat loss its impacts on biodiversity. One likely but largely overlooked impediment effective restoration of habitat-forming organisms failing explicitly consider non-habitat-forming animals in planning, implementation, monitoring. These can greatly enhance or degrade ecosystem function, persistence, resilience. Bivalves, for instance, reduce sulfide stress seagrass increase drought tolerance saltmarsh vegetation, whereas megaherbivores detrimentally overgraze improve seed germination, depending the context. Therefore, understanding when, why, how directly manipulate support outcomes. In this expanded approach, we provide a conceptual framework, incorporating lessons from structured decision-making, describe potential actions could lead better outcomes using case studies illustrate practical approaches.

Язык: Английский

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The role of spatial planning in land change: An assessment of urban planning and nature conservation efficiency at the southeastern coast of Brazil

Land Use Policy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 111, С. 105771 - 105771

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2021

Urban expansion is expected to continue at a fast rate, precisely in peri-urban areas of developing countries surrounded by biodiversity hotspots. The need assess and potentially restructure urban environmental planning instruments becomes apparent scenarios where difficult manage. Indicators based on spatially explicit datasets have been suggested as effective tools evaluate spatial outcomes because they can shed light the efficiency measures fulfilment claimed goals. In this work, we evaluated conformance stated goals terms compactness, basic services housing provision, nature conservation for different land-use strategies. We 2005 Ecological-Economic Zoning (EEZ) two municipal master plans from 2006 coastal region São Paulo State, Brazil. used Partial Least Squares Path Modelling (PLS-PM) explain relationship between plan strategies change ten years after implementation increase, conservation. Our findings suggest that were influenced pattern time when was approved (2005). For all plans, Use strategy important Compactness, but most new isolated occurred outside zones applied. Two out three considered efficient general, be successful promoting more compact patterns build-up (axial infill growth), not containing emergence with strategy. are line those similar studies showing cores often deprived planning. increase Basic Services Housing sufficient attend regional demand, inadequacy these remains problem region. Future policies management NCSP address increasing demand enable development inside core areas.

Язык: Английский

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Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management works—How switching from mobile to static fishing gear improves populations of fished and non‐fished species inside a marine‐protected area

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 58(11), С. 2463 - 2478

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2021

Abstract Designated using a Statutory Instrument in 2008, Lyme Bay marine‐protected area (MPA) is the UK's first and largest example of an ambitious, whole‐site approach to management, recover protect reef biodiversity. The applies consistent this case excluding bottom towed fishing, across full 206 km 2 extent MPA, thus protecting mosaic reef‐associated habitats from regular damage, while still allowing less destructive fishing methods, such as static gear, rod line, diving. To assess effectiveness management strategy for mobile taxa sustainability those that continue be targeted, Exploited Non‐Exploited species' populations were compared inside relative open control sites spanning 11 12 years designation. baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs) deployed annually benthic demersal fauna. Overall, number significantly increased MPA controls total abundance both treatments. fish showed increases (430%) (370%) over years. Likewise, but lesser degree controls, commercially time, potentially showing ‘spillover’ effects MPA. did not show changes. Regardless constituting majority fishery value, highly valuable invertebrates no significant changes time. Synthesis applications . shows importance whole site, comprising mosaics different habitats, through protection sessile organisms contribute essential habitats. This Ecosystem Approach Fisheries Management can benefit maintain sustainable fisheries species conservation importance.

Язык: Английский

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Linking ecosystem condition and landscape context in the conservation of ecosystem multifunctionality

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 243, С. 108479 - 108479

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2020

Язык: Английский

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