GeoJournal,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
88(6), С. 5677 - 5719
Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023
Abstract
Public
lands
including
forests
and
community
pastures
are
still
crucial
means
of
local
livelihood,
social
security,
environmental
conservation
in
many
developing
countries
Nepal.
However,
these
resources
increasingly
managed
primarily
to
offset
greenhouse
gas
emissions
developed
countries.
The
new
management
has
exacerbated
problems:
livelihood
constriction,
crises,
human
casualties
(deaths
serious
injuries),
biodiversity
degradation,
water
scarcity
cryosphere
retreating.
Drawing
data
from
multiple
sources,
this
study
attempted
explain
the
international
political
objectives
processes
that
dispossessed
societies
public
land
for
benefit
It
shows
representatives
were
proactively
strategically
involved
agenda
formation,
solutions
negotiations,
decision-making
while
policies,
succeeded
structure
policies
managing
best
their
own
provided
funds
experts,
as
strategic
tools,
through
aid
agencies
implement
interest
institutionally
weak
In
Nepal,
influenced
thinking
decisions
government
other
stakeholders
a
series
measures.
They
propagandized
false
worked
with
coalition
powerful
agencies,
offered
free
technical
support,
changed
national
manage
achieving
missions.
Active
involvement
policy
implementation
also
helped
monitor
hurdles
apply
tactics
resolve
them.
Lucrative
flash
incentives
motivate
get
support
communities,
stakeholders,
politicians
policies.
Psychosocial
pressures
applied
persuade
communities
leaders
getting
cooperation
making
practicing
legal
institutions
(government
authority
rules
or
orders,
user
group
rules,
forest
plans)
bind
control
protection.
obliged
contribute
labor
cash
developing,
modifying,
protecting
forests.
These
two
levels
interventions
led
further
development
reinforcing
institutions,
resource
conditions,
social-ecological
systems
secured
benefits
deprived
power
control,
produce
access
backyard
years.
This
showed
have
respectively
served
institutional
weapons
vehicles
materially
colonize
weaker
countries,
without
using
physical
coercion
deplyment
military
forces.
Global Ecology and Conservation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
52, С. e02972 - e02972
Опубликована: Май 3, 2024
Adequate
representation
of
biodiversity
in
protected
area
networks
is
a
prerequisite
for
successful
conservation.
Aichi
Target
11
the
Convention
on
Biological
Diversity
called
17%
land
and
10%
marine
to
be
conserved
ecologically
representative
areas
by
2020.
We
assess
progress
protecting
terrestrial
ecoregions
decade
2011-2020,
when
Strategic
Plan
Biodiversity
2011-2020
was
effect.
Using
spatial
analyses
Mean
Achievement
metric,
which
indicates
degree
given
target
has
been
achieved,
we
analyze
coverage
nine
countries
from
all
continents,
with
total
173
64
ecoregions.
Results
show
that
there
little
evidence
studied
have
strategically
underrepresented
decade.
Although
170.000
km²
3
million
reserves
designated
during
this
period
investigated,
about
half
their
remain
poorly
Our
findings
reinforce
targeted
action
needed
adequately
protect
order
new
Kunming-Montreal
more
than
11.
The
methodology
presented
allows
ongoing
evaluation,
identification
gaps,
monitoring
countries'
towards
global
national
targets
ecological
applicable
any
surrogate
beyond
country
or
region
interest.
Chapter
4
of
the
Water,
ice,
society,
and
ecosystems
in
HKH
(HI-WISE)
assessment
report
assesses
scientific
literature
on
impacts
changing
cryosphere
biodiversity
ecosystem
services
Hindu
Kush
Himalaya
(HKH)
as
well
response
options.
The
supports
a
region
vast,
interconnected
biodiversity,
with
40%
under
environmental
protection.
As
changes,
serious
at
ecosystem,
genetic,
species
levels
mean
an
overwhelming
majority
animal
plant
are
negatively
affected,
sometimes
to
extinction.
Even
if
global
warming
is
limited
1.5°C,
likely
face
terms
loss,
structure,
productivity,
resulting
lowered
flows.
Conservation Science and Practice,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(11)
Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024
Abstract
The
Kunming‐Montreal
Global
Biodiversity
Framework
(KMGBF)
commits
signatories
to
expand
the
global
protection
of
land
and
sea
by
30%
in
2030.
Additionally,
South
Africa,
a
local
target
set
2016
aims
conserve
16%
terrestrial
areas
using
protected
within
two‐decade
time
frame.
Concurrently,
it
is
crucial
recognize
prioritize
sites
where
biodiversity
must
be
immediately.
This
recognition
has
given
rise
Key
Areas
(KBAs)
Africa's
Critical
(CBAs).
KBAs
are
significance
for
persistence
biodiversity.
In
CBAs
delineate
primarily
or
partially
natural
needing
management.
Despite
their
significance,
an
assessment
Limpopo
province,
specifically
Vhembe
District,
lacking.
Employing
GIS
techniques,
our
evaluation
focused
on
coverage,
size,
distribution
District.
Our
analysis
revealed
that
cover
impressive
38%
9465
km
2
(36%)
region.
Alarmingly,
70%
(6809
)
these
CBA
lack
protection.
region,
with
39%
covering
approximately
3273
laying
outside
area
network,
rendering
them
entirely
unprotected.
Sluggish
establishment
rates
deficiency
strategic
targeting
significant
have
resulted
over
10,000
warranting
protection,
particularly
along
Soutpansberg
Mountain
Range.
Moreover,
national
target,
established
2016,
which
protect
mere
2036,
falls
short
KMGBF
reinforcing
urgency
update
policy
embracing
other
conservation
methods.
These
findings
suggest
that,
despite
commendable
district,
setting
precedent
rest
country,
there
need
municipalities,
districts,
provinces
draw
insights
from
shortfalls
