Geography and geographical knowledge contribute decisively to all Sustainable Development Goals targets

Geography and sustainability, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100267 - 100267

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Conservation philanthropy: Growing the field of research and practice

Conservation Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

We have entered "a new green era of giving" (Greenfield, 2021). While the share overall philanthropic giving directed to environment remains small—an estimated 3% total in United States and <2% European Union, for example—environmental philanthropy is among fastest growing sectors (Australian Environmental Grantmakers Network, 2022; IUPUI Lilly Family School Philanthropy, Biodiversity conservation a primary focus investment within broader field environmental philanthropy, making rapidly research practice (Taylor & Blondell, 2023). define as voluntary contributions monetary value (e.g., cash, property, or time) biodiversity (Ramutsindela et al., 2013). Conceptualized this way, philanthropists may include foundations, NGOs, private individuals, corporations, other sector actors. Though has long history, its current pace scale are unprecedented (Beer, 2022). Conservation pledges last few years dwarf historic figures, like record-breaking $5 billion donors committed advance "30 × 30" global targets Convention on Biological Diversity's 2030 Kunming-Montreal Framework (Convention Diversity, The Bezos Earth Fund alone $10 2020 "nature" "climate." In some sectors, ocean conservation, grants comparable public finance from official development assistance1 (California Associates, Although term "philanthropy" often associated with ultrarich (Holmes, 2012), small also important. States, they contribute "the overwhelming majority" (Reich, 2020, p. 10) crowdfunding an increasingly important mechanism (Gallo-Cajiao 2018; Takashina This surge spending will ripple effects throughout funding 'ecosystem' by supplementing, catalyzing, influencing special issue motivated these major changes. It showcases help understand inform boom oceans (Gruby 2021), land (Opel Titze, Waldron 2013), relating freshwater (Gilson Garrick, so doing, it seeks nurture nascent philanthropy. addition increased levels, evolving form function. There modes mechanisms what scholars termed philanthropy" (Rogers, 2015)—from hands-off, "trust-based model preferred billionaire Mackenzie Scott "dollars policy" approach, where international foundations leverage commitments gain influence state-led governance Kavate, Equally notable patterns that remained same. Despite several high-profile, high-dollar Indigenous-led recent (United Nations, justice-related issues organizations led people color sparse (IUPUI 2021; Jones, Taylor 2023).2 upwelling responds urgent need address crisis. Adequate critical determinant outcomes (Gill 2017; 2013) lack key reason world failed meet previous goals (Xu However, relative donors, funders unique understudied characteristics can make them particularly helpful problematic (Betsill Philanthropic example, operate "hyperagency" (Jung Harrow, 2015) promote risk-taking, nimbleness, long-term theoretically foster innovation adaptive creativity necessary most challenging problems 2016). But autonomy double-edged sword: transparency, obligation, accountability lead practices create more than solve (Villanueva Ultimately, must be recognized diverse influential actors require rigorous analysis better links between Blackwatters 2023; Breeze, Yet, answers even basic questions about philanthropy—who giving, how whom what, consequences impacts—remain elusive. evidence makes difficult informed discussion debate profound around should their positions just transformations while avoiding harm. offer two related explanations knowledge gap—and way forward. First, largely under scholarly radar: studies devoted little attention scientists paid limited body existing found scattered across fields literatures neoliberal natures, philanthrocapitalism, finance, governance, etc.), practitioners find it, engage build one another's work systematic way. Second, elite members high net-worth individuals foundations) notoriously opaque, empirical significant challenge—though creative transparency movement beginning change (Breeze, Gilson A diverse, interdisciplinary yet broadly coherent philanthropy—as subfield science—is clearly needed. Such needed science well larger "science (Fiennes, 2017). advances bringing together nine articles individually conceptual, empirical, and/or methodological contributions, collectively growth These papers reflect diversity theoretical orientations, questions, methods, actors, contexts while, together, building three themes ripe continued work: flows, funder roles, best practices. Six analyze flows geographies, funders, projects, recipients, topics. They demonstrate historical reflection future decision-making allocating funding. Willse (2023) uses national dataset track distribution "support nonprofits" which aims supplement inadequate parks conservation. She finds uneven: counties metropolitan areas well-educated, liberal residents likely support nonprofits, those nonprofits pass ballot initiatives (Willse, argues imperative policy makers activists consider dynamic impact equity access nationally. study role playing tuna fisheries Schiller al. sustainability largest marine including amounts ($28.65 million 2012 priority (market advocacy), grantees (60% was allocated NGOs). "clear level transparency" already priorities US supporting sustainable seafood but show vague descriptions still pose barrier nuanced understanding objectives end recipients (Schiller Sauls López Illescas describe Ford Foundation shifted strategy over time center Indigenous Peoples local communities grant-making rights-based Mexico Central America. As gains traction mainstream globally, article—coauthored program officer—provides detailed example foundation actually made practice. collection exploring rather organizations, focusing information sharing social media shapes norms donations. Drawing mathematical model, argue "soft-cooperators" who media—even without actively donating—play generating greater stable charitable (Takashina Two take spatial thematic view. Devkota trace donor types Bhutan, Grimm mangrove restoration Latin America Caribbean. Bhutan shows country achieved widely success despite relatively explore sociopolitical factors dynamic, strong proenvironmental cultural prioritization policy, higher selectivity accepting external matched agendas culture. teases apart relationships type kinds landscapes, stakeholder engagement support. develop specific recommendations grantee seek funding, target intended social–ecological outcomes. roles play underscoring think systematically strategically varied beyond providing conduct in-depth case David Lucile Packard Foundation's decades Fiji Palau. six contributed to: agendas, capacity building, convening coordinating, facilitating knowledge, rule-making regulation. demonstrates concepts shared doing practice, discussions decisions "right" responsibilities likewise play, context governance. foundation-supported NGO vehicle policy-making (via regional management organizations), projects designed certification fishery improvement projects). underscores prominent large, US-based agenda-setters movement. Finally, draw experiences practical derive applied exits (Le Cornu 2023) collaborative (Sanderson Le gap exits—that is, ending relationships—by developing conceptual framework exit conducting responsible exits. "now seriously not only relationships, initiatives, partnerships—but end" 2023, 2). provide roadmap interested so. recognizing open dialogue practitioners, Sanderson convened 16 co-produce identified practical, donor–practitioner priorities, administrative processes achieve goals. summary, indeed "too ignore" 2021, 9). Our ambition that, continues grow, we see similar constructively engage, challenge, it. authors thank Michele Betsill Jeffrey feedback earlier draft. Rebecca L. Gruby Ash Enrici acknowledge (grant nos. 2017-66579 2018-68274) Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropies number 1810-05974). Daniel C. Miller acknowledges John D. Catherine T. MacArthur no. 18-1802-152800-CSD). Gruby, Miller, advisory committees manage any conflicts interest arise sources.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing green space equity via policy change: A scoping review and research agenda

Environmental Science & Policy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 157, С. 103765 - 103765

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Non-governmental organizations, green space equity, and policy change: A national study in the US

Urban forestry & urban greening, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 101, С. 128503 - 128503

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Worldwide, low-income and racial/ethnic minority communities tend to have a lower provision of green space than less disadvantaged groups. To address these inequities, some non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worked on projects, such as new parks in underserved communities, policy change, funding prioritizing areas. date, limited research has examined the landscape NGOs working advance equity via change. In this paper, we studied what kind engage advocacy US. We used topic modeling, keywords-in-context, inferential statistics analyze grant applications for national initiative fund advocacy, first only its kind. found that also advocate several interrelated topics related (e.g., environmental issues, social services), numerous actors campaigns politicians, youth), use other strategies coalitions, power building, research. inequities need contend with systemic issues affecting poverty, health disparities). Our findings can inform work public philanthropic funders, local governments seeking partnerships NGOs, themselves.

Язык: Английский

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Strike While the Iron is Hot: Land Trusts, Temperature Anomalies, and Agenda Setting for Local Open Space Referenda

Nonprofit Policy Forum, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Abstract Despite substantial progress on understanding the influence of nonprofits in policy process, role local agenda setting remains under-examined. Policy for land conservation is a key plank climate change mitigation strategies making trusts votes an important topic. Prior studies demonstrate that temperature anomalies increase likelihood appears state political agendas. We propose play critical facilitating this connection at level. Temperature create window which contributes to measures make it onto agenda. Combining temperature, trust presence, and vote data from U.S. counties 2009 2019, we find both presence probability measure will appear Further, effect taking place conditional within county. The findings advance existing nonprofit theory ways engage process hint towards promising avenues future research. also provide practical evidence practitioners hold implications how policymakers can leverage organizations implement policy.

Язык: Английский

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What has Contributed to Green Space Inequities in U.S. Cities? A Narrative Review

Journal of Planning Literature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

Much research has documented green space inequities, but no review examined their determinants holistically. To address this gap, we conduct a narrative to synthesize the historical and recent mechanisms contributing inequities in U.S. cities. We identify 77 publications covering topic find that two complementary macro-mechanisms shape inequities: residential segregation unequal investments. Historical include racial segregation, redlining, postwar suburbanization. More nonprofits’ involvement provision, gentrification, contemporary plans. Moving toward equity requires addressing both current mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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