CABI eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown, С. 474 - 492
Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2022
Язык: Английский
Journal of Responsible Innovation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2023
This paper explores the role and responsibilities of agricultural genomics experts in governing gene editing (GE) for food agriculture, engaging with frameworks technological determinism Responsible Research Innovation (RRI). We interview Canada to study expert views on risks, benefits, regulatory challenges GE crops extent which exercise RRI principles anticipation, reflexivity, deliberative inclusion, responsiveness. Agricultural wield power systems both shaping applications technology as advisers influencing policy governance. Their resistance principles, especially inclusion responsiveness, exercises discursive closure are responsible governance crops. The offers empirical theoretical contributions, working across Science Technology Studies research.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Conservation Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(4)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2021
Abstract In June 2020, Revive & Restore hosted the Intended Consequences Workshop to explore how field of conservation can realize benefits genetic interventions and address concerns about unintended consequences these actions. A group 57 participants from eight countries representing government, academia, practice discussed implementation designed achieve objectives be optimized both risk intended consequences. Genetic are efforts manipulate composition a target at species or population level. The planning in raises questions key constituencies involved process risks characterized evaluated. Governance frameworks critical structuring dialogue decision‐making among interested parties around development manner that addresses risks, benefits, equity considerations. this article, we related issues policy governance, constituencies, as raised during discussions 2020 workshop on “Intended Consequences” interventions. We examine different characterize within particular sociocultural contexts. then revisit characterization framing suggest ways perspectives visualized inform resulting decisions.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(9)
Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2022
Synthetic biology [synbio] applications have the potential to assist in addressing significant global health and environmental challenges. Australian research institutes are investing formative develop synbio technologies capable of meeting these Alongside laboratory research, investigating broader social, institutional, ethical considerations that presents has been a priority. We conducted targeted qualitative uncover barriers opportunities for range multisectoral stakeholders identified as end-users science under development. The provides insights into implementation environment three synthetic applications: (1) gene editing cane toads (Rhinella marina) reduce their impact; (2) engineering bacteriophages combat antimicrobial resistance humans; (3) microbes improve biomining efficiency mining industry. In-depth interviews (N = 23) with government, civil society representatives revealed key challenges impact pathway each application. strongest themes uncovered during related perceived negative public attitudes towards genetic technologies, lack investment critical infrastructure, unclear regulatory pathways presence strong social imperative underpinning technology These findings reveal specific entry points further engagement most immediate synbio. Separate from on synbio, cases highlight various hurdles achieving impact, according experts who will likely use, approve or invest future. inform avenues strengthening coordination Australia elsewhere.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Public Understanding of Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(6), С. 727 - 744
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023
Gene drive is an emerging biotechnology with applications in global health, conservation and agriculture. Scientists are preparing for field trials, triggering debate about when how to release gene-drive organisms. These decisions depend on public understandings of gene drive, which shaped by language. While some studies communication assume the need persuade publics expert definitions we highlight importance meaning-making engagement. We conducted focus groups humanities science teachers United Kingdom States explore different media framings stimulated discussions drive. found diversity value these debate. Interestingly, definition favoured scientists was least popular among participants. Rather than carefully curating language, opportunities make sense negotiate meanings a technology their own terms.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Conservation Science and Practice, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(4)
Опубликована: Март 25, 2021
Novel conservation interventions such as assisted migration or gene editing inevitably raise the specter of potential unintended consequences, which can then delay derail action. Underappreciated are very real costs inaction. The rate climate change and pace extinction continue to outstrip predictions (IPCC, 2019). current unprecedented environmental calls for more attention being given consequences failing intervene. While it is important plan risks any intervention, just mitigate carrying on with business usual in face increasingly severe threats. To counter focus we hope that catchphrase "Intended Consequences" will help keep intended benefits nature front-of-mind during a responsible planning process through various stages intervention monitoring. goal goes beyond identifying objectives evaluating success (sensu Brooks, Wright, & Sheil, 2009). Our rebalancing risk–benefit equation give additional consideration inaction intervention. Although often initially controversial, early stakeholder engagement, other best practices result generate nature. For example, Scottish Natural Heritage began consider reintroducing beavers, people raised would negatively impact farming, forestry, fisheries, particularly salmonids (Gaywood, 2017). Frustrating delays motivated unauthorized beaver releases prior formal reintroduction. A complicated aftermath resulted many ecosystem but also some land management conflict. This experience strongly influenced Code Conservation Translocations (National Species Reintroduction Forum, 2014) promotes practice via maximizing biological socio-economic (intended consequences) minimizing mitigating (unintended consequences). wide code underscores value translocation restoration well importance research engagement alleviate concerns about In another US National Park Service Island proposed eradicate rats from Anacapa order restore seabird habitat. Stakeholders protested rodenticide kill taxa (Howald et al., 2005). After much debate, disruption by activists, court ruling favor project, proceeded, were successfully eradicated. Ten years later, multiple species had recolonized monitoring efforts documented only minimal impacts non-target (Newton 2016). addition, stakeholders practitioners collaborated outline principles future wildlife control (Dubois project ongoing paved way exploring genetic interventions, may introduce new level complexity controversy could offer humane method remove rodents. These examples others demonstrate Intended Consequences achieved addressing while keeping an eye desired benefits. Revive Restore virtually convened Workshop June 2020 discuss hypothesis that, receive lot media coverage, successful achievement "intended consequences" underplayed, even scientific literature. Organizers identified over-emphasis pose barrier innovation. At workshop, 57 participants shared data demonstrating past routinely yielded Leading dissected lessons learned case studies. group integrated diverse disciplines, discussed strategies be inclusive, drafted initial guidelines agreed now time integrate development next-generation into practice. papers this special issue Science Practice report syntheses rates real-world regarding versus consequences. Authors explore gleaned on-going along cultural ethical issues require greater consideration. Novak, Phelan, Weber (2021) reviewed 140 translocations United States. Over last four decades, 1,711 different gains. Both reintroduction (Smith Peterson, 2021) intentional introgression (Newhouse Powell, 2020) part spectrum have historically succeeded facilitate restoration. Two question prominent historical conventions within field conservation: maintenance integrity (Rohwer Marris, aversion hybridization name maintaining purity (Hirashiki, Kareiva, Marvier, 2021). Brister, Holbrook, Palmer diagnose causes "ethos restraint." Responsible protocols (Barnhill-Dilling Delborne, 2021), intersections between governance, constituencies, risk (Burgiel careful forecasting models (Mozelewski Scheller, areas essential Post-workshop, 46 statement guide scientists, they safely harness power innovation (Phelan One primary emerged at workshop inclusivity. Responses rooted values worldviews, yet conservationists still surprised what improved outcomes appropriate human has failed inclusive must (Taitingfong, 2020; Tallis Lubchenco, 2014). knowledge indigenous peoples particular proves crucial initiatives, especially ecosystems managed millennia. As New Zealand begins regulate technologies applied challenges, Maori perspectives decision-making (Hudson example should remind regulators embraces wider diversity technologies, embrace their own visions interacting Second, although IUCN (2013) established documents exist categories came conclusion there great establishing Genetic Intervention. projects leverage underway, researchers reported uncertainty. fields, agriculture, generalized streamlined reduced inconsistency. We expect Intervention confidently apply tools. third point was policymakers always need weigh action window opportunity save our closes, use all available tools achieve Consequences. realizations, together Statement included here, position responsibly conduct interventions. look forward when conservationists, regulators, cultures feel confident not lead harm, forge desirable people. supported Restore, University Wisconsin-Madison, Nature Conservancy California, Gerry Ohrstrom, Amy Mark Tercek. like thank Stewart Brand, Bridget Baumgartner, Ben Martin Gaywood, Gregg Howald, Heath Packard, editor, anonymous reviewer who read versions gave constructive feedback manuscript. authors no conflict interest declare. All contributed final approval version published. No collected article.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Ethics Policy & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 26(1), С. 69 - 85
Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2022
A genetically modified variant of the critically endangered American chestnut (Castanea dentata) has been developed for use in restoring species. This essay argues against such use, on grounds that deploying engineered tree potentially sets troubling industry and conservation precedents, operates a paradigm increased intervention rather than accommodation other forms life, presents significant justice challenges relation to Indigenous groups. In light these problems, it is recommended conservationists follow approach restoration adopted by Canadian Chestnut Council, which opposes application trees.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11
Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023
OPINION article Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 07 August 2023Sec. Biosafety and Biosecurity Volume 11 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1241537
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Environmental Science & Policy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 162, С. 103939 - 103939
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
The American Journal of Bioethics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(2), С. W1 - W3
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2022
This article refers to:Developing a Reflexive, Anticipatory, and Deliberative Approach to Unanticipated Discoveries: Ethical Lessons from iBlastoidsA RAD iBlastoids with Moral Principle of ComplexityWhy (Embryo-like Structures) Do Not Rise Significant IssuesAmplifying the Call for Anticipatory GovernanceGovernance Emerging Biotechnologies: Two Chinese CasesAnticipatory Governance Foresight in Regulating UncertaintyHow Ethics Can Better Anticipate Consequences Biotechnologies
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown, С. 179 - 199
Опубликована: Май 26, 2022
The individual animal has often been neglected in biodiversity governance debates, with animals mainly considered terms of species, biodiversity, wildlife or natural resources. Indeed, and somewhat counterintuitively, is not always animal-friendly. Think, for example, the issues management, (“sport”) hunting, captive breeding, reintroduction relocation endangered use testing conservation research (De Mori, 2019). For some issues, relationship more complex, example “management” Invasive Alien Species (IAS), which detrimental to individuals species “invasive” but beneficial native habitats (Barkham, 2020). Elsewhere, economic development incentives impact both concerns, such as negative effects agriculture (see Visseren-Hamakers, 2018a; 2020 detailed overviews these relationships). How can we transform order incorporate interests (Bernstein, 2015)? That central question this chapter.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0