Abstract
Herbivores
shape
vegetative
communities
via
numerous
mechanisms,
including
browse.
We
used
vegetation
monitoring
data
from
Isle
Royale
National
Park
to
examine
woody
species
change
across
a
nine‐year
interval,
coinciding
with
herbivore
escalation.
Here,
moose
and
snowshoe
hare
are
the
dominant
herbivores,
while
gray
wolf
is
apex
predator.
Our
initial
sampling
period
(2010)
followed
six
years
of
low
abundance,
our
second
event
(2019)
escalation
in
density.
tested
for
both
saplings
shrubs
compared
diameter
size
distributions
common
tree
three
island
sections.
found
decline
large
sugar
maple,
limited
west
section
island.
also
saw
declines
small
paper
birch,
trembling
aspen.
For
some
species,
black
spruce
white
spruce,
taxa
that
unpalatable
moose,
were
proportionally
larger
(i.e.,
indicative
fewer
individuals)
2019
than
2010.
In
contrast,
ash
central
aspen
east
sections
smaller
(indicative
more
~50%
shrub
abundant
during
event,
none
declined.
work
here
brings
light
several
unanticipated
results.
While
we
demonstrated
partial
recovery
aspen,
likely
originating
earlier
results
suggest
further
changes
may
be
attributable
other
herbivores.
The
response
ash,
hydric
stemming
sixfold
increase
active
beaver
sites,
historic
spike
currently
have
only
understanding
impacts
island's
lesser
studied
herbivores
on
overstory
regeneration.
Further
research
these
linkages
can
inform
decisions
addressing
controls
forest
structure.
People and Nature,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2024
Abstract
The
success
or
failure
of
apex
carnivore
reintroduction
efforts
can
hinge
on
understanding
and
attending
to
diverse
viewpoints
those
involved
in
impacted
by
reintroductions.
Yet,
vary
widely
due
a
suite
complex
intersecting
factors,
such
as
values,
beliefs
sociocultural
context.
We
ask,
‘what
are
the
that
exist
surrounding
recovery
what
kinds
emotional,
analytical
values‐based
judgments
might
people
use
construct
their
viewpoints?’
used
Q‐methodology
identify
distinct,
generalized
areas
overlap
divergence
between
them,
proposal
reintroduce
grizzly
bears
(
Ursus
arctos
horribilis
)
North
Cascades
Ecosystem,
USA.
combines
qualitative
quantitative
methods
asking
purposefully
sampled
respondents
sort
various
statements
given
topic
into
an
ordered
grid.
found
three
distinct
among
67
using
factor
analysis
responses
open‐ended
questions
about
sorting
exercise.
Two
these
represent
essentially
polarized
perspectives
corresponding
deeply
normative
notions
bear
recovery,
where
one
views
reintroducing
moral
requisite,
other
it
inappropriate
risky.
These
primarily
diverged
perceptions
risk
our
collective
responsibilities
appropriate
relationships
with
others
(i.e.
‘relational
values’).
third
viewpoint
was
distinguished
its
prioritization
practical
considerations
impractical
not
sensible
.
Our
underscores
need
attend
latent
may
be
overlooked
public
discourse
well
multiple
value
systems
integrated
reintroduction.
Additionally,
broadly
defined
identity
groups
were
very
little
utility
predicting
this
study,
highlighting
importance
avoiding
assumptions
people's
based
identities
interests.
argue
forefronting
conversations
is
critical
for
finding
acceptable
paths
forward
efforts.
discuss
management
implications
findings
reintroduction,
large
Read
free
Plain
Language
Summary
article
Journal
blog.
Abstract
Herbivores
shape
vegetative
communities
via
numerous
mechanisms,
including
browse.
We
used
vegetation
monitoring
data
from
Isle
Royale
National
Park
to
examine
woody
species
change
across
a
nine‐year
interval,
coinciding
with
herbivore
escalation.
Here,
moose
and
snowshoe
hare
are
the
dominant
herbivores,
while
gray
wolf
is
apex
predator.
Our
initial
sampling
period
(2010)
followed
six
years
of
low
abundance,
our
second
event
(2019)
escalation
in
density.
tested
for
both
saplings
shrubs
compared
diameter
size
distributions
common
tree
three
island
sections.
found
decline
large
sugar
maple,
limited
west
section
island.
also
saw
declines
small
paper
birch,
trembling
aspen.
For
some
species,
black
spruce
white
spruce,
taxa
that
unpalatable
moose,
were
proportionally
larger
(i.e.,
indicative
fewer
individuals)
2019
than
2010.
In
contrast,
ash
central
aspen
east
sections
smaller
(indicative
more
~50%
shrub
abundant
during
event,
none
declined.
work
here
brings
light
several
unanticipated
results.
While
we
demonstrated
partial
recovery
aspen,
likely
originating
earlier
results
suggest
further
changes
may
be
attributable
other
herbivores.
The
response
ash,
hydric
stemming
sixfold
increase
active
beaver
sites,
historic
spike
currently
have
only
understanding
impacts
island's
lesser
studied
herbivores
on
overstory
regeneration.
Further
research
these
linkages
can
inform
decisions
addressing
controls
forest
structure.
