How much do we know about trade-offs in ecosystem services? A systematic review of empirical research observations

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 806, С. 151229 - 151229

Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Traits shaping urban tolerance in birds differ around the world

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(9), С. 1677 - 1688.e6

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2023

As human density increases, biodiversity must increasingly co-exist with urbanization or face local extinction. Tolerance of urban areas has been linked to numerous functional traits, yet few globally consistent patterns have emerged explain variation in tolerance, which stymies attempts at a generalizable predictive framework. Here, we calculate an Urban Association Index (UAI) for 3,768 bird species 137 cities across all permanently inhabited continents. We then assess how this UAI varies as function ten species-specific traits and further test whether the strength trait relationships vary three city-specific variables. Of nine were significantly associated tolerance. Urban-associated tend be smaller, less territorial, greater dispersal ability, broader dietary habitat niches, larger clutch sizes, longevity, lower elevational limits. Only bill shape showed no global association Additionally, several varied latitude and/or population density. For example, associations body mass diet breadth more pronounced higher latitudes, while territoriality longevity reduced Thus, importance filters birds predictably cities, indicating biogeographic selection tolerance that could prior challenges search patterns. A informed framework predicts will integral conservation increasing proportions world's are impacted by urbanization.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological drivers of variation in the extent of the post‐fledging dependence period in the largest group of diurnal raptors

Ibis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

The post‐fledging dependence period (PFDP) is a fundamental stage in the life cycle of altricial birds that influences their long‐term survival and fitness. However, research on duration this raptors, factors affecting it, scarce. We performed first literature review length PFDP Accipitridae, largest family among diurnal meta‐analysis examining effects breeding latitude hemisphere, body weight migratory status, controlling for species phylogeny. Hypotheses were tested at levels both populations. known less than half Accipitridae species, with no data two‐thirds threatened near‐threatened species. Larger individuals lower latitudes showed longer PFDP, as did non‐migrants southern‐hemisphere breeders. effect was more marked larger resident populations This extended tropical raptors may promote juvenile survival. Migration timing continentality northern hemisphere constrain PFDP. These findings highlight importance encouraging study key, but poorly known, life‐cycle raptors.

Язык: Английский

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Commentary: Defining Raptors and Birds of Prey

Journal of Raptor Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 53(4), С. 419 - 419

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2019

Species considered raptors are subjects of monitoring programs, textbooks, scientific societies, legislation, and multinational agreements. Yet no standard definition for the synonymous terms "raptor" or "bird prey" exists. Groups, including owls, vultures, corvids, shrikes variably based on morphological, ecological, taxonomic criteria, depending authors. We review various criteria previously used to define we present an updated that incorporates current understanding bird phylogeny. For example, hunting live vertebrates has been largely accepted as ecological trait raptorial birds, yet not all species (e.g., Palm-nut Vulture [Gypohierax angolensis]), birds skuas [Stercorariidae]). Acute vision, a hooked bill, sharp talons most commonly morphological characters delineating raptors; however, using those may cause confusion because they can be vague exceptions sometimes made. Old World in family Accipitridae along with hawks eagles, thus usually despite their lack talons. within orders evolved from landbirds (Telluraves) which maintained lifestyles. Raptors therefore Accipitriformes, Cathartiformes, Falconiformes, Strigiformes. Importantly, believe seriemas (Cariamiformes) should also raptors. Our combines phylogeny morphology ecology, avoids ambiguity associated shrikes. Establishing common improve interpretability across studies lessen research management recommendations.

Язык: Английский

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Gaps in butterfly inventory data: A global analysis

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 236, С. 289 - 295

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Automated Bird Counting with Deep Learning for Regional Bird Distribution Mapping

Animals, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(7), С. 1207 - 1207

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2020

A challenging problem in the field of avian ecology is deriving information on bird population movement trends. This necessitates regular counting birds which usually not an easily-achievable task. promising attempt towards solving a more consistent and fast way to predict number different regions from their photos. For this purpose, we exploit ability computers learn past data through deep learning has been leading sub-field AI for image understanding. Our source collection on-ground photos taken during our long run birding activity. We employ several state-of-the-art generic object-detection algorithms detect birds, each being member one 38 identified species, natural scenes. The experiments revealed that computer-aided outperformed manual with respect both accuracy time. As real-world application image-based counting, prepared spatial order distribution species diversity maps Turkey by utilizing geographic system (GIS) technology. results suggested can assist humans monitoring activities increase citizen scientists' participation large-scale surveys.

Язык: Английский

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Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 58(3), С. 446 - 452

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2021

Abstract Collision‐caused fatalities of animals at wind power facilities create a ‘green versus green’ conflict between wildlife conservation and renewable energy. These can be mitigated via informed curtailment whereby turbines are slowed or stopped when considered increased risk collision. Automated monitoring systems could improve efficacy curtailment, yet such technology is undertested. We test the an automated system—a camera system that detects flying objects, classifies them decides whether to curtail individual avoid potential collision—in reducing counts eagles, Top World Windpower Facility (hereafter, treatment site) in Wyoming, USA. perform before–after–control–impact study, comparing number eagle observed site with those nearby (15 km) control without both before after implementation site. After correcting for carcass detection probability scaling fatality estimates turbine‐years, we estimate declined by 63% (95% CI = 59%–66%) periods while increasing 113% (51%–218%). In total, there was 82% (75%–89%) reduction rate relative Synthesis applications . turbine operation substantially reduced fatalities. This therefore has lessen energy raptor conservation. Although fatalities, they were not fully eliminated. Therefore, as implemented here, panacea its improved if conjunction other mitigation actions.

Язык: Английский

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What drives our aesthetic attraction to birds?

npj Biodiversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2023

In the Anthropocene, era when imprint of humans on nature is pervasive across planet, it utmost importance to understand human relationships with other species. The aesthetics nature, and species, one values that plays a role in shaping human-nature relationships. Birds are ubiquitous world. beauty birds exerts powerful tug emotions, bird-rich areas attract scores eco-tourists. People naturally find some more beautiful or interesting than others, but we currently lack global understanding specifics what makes species aesthetically attractive. Here, used citizen-science database bird attractiveness covering nearly all extant show there specific visual features drive our aesthetic appeal for over others. First, attraction highest smaller specific, vivid colors (e.g., blue red, departing from brown-grey) extreme ornaments (a long crest tail). Second, broad ranges, possibly because such may be familiar us. make us attracted particular strongly align preferences modern society. Unveiling underpinning critical step towards optimizing conservation via marketing) education campaigns, leverage cultural ecosystem service potential birds.

Язык: Английский

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Six-decade research bias towards fancy and familiar bird species

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 292(2044)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Human implicit biases towards visually appealing and familiar stimuli are well documented rooted in our brains’ reward systems. For example, humans drawn to charismatic, organisms, but less is known about whether such permeate research choices among biologists, who strive for objectivity. The factors driving effort, as aesthetics, logistics species’ names, poorly understood. We report that, from 1965 2020, nearly half of the variation publication trends 293 North American male passerine near-passerine birds was explained by three subject human bias: aesthetic salience (visual appeal), range size (familiarity) number universities within ranges (accessibility). also demonstrate that endangered featured on journal covers had higher salience, with eponymous names were studied much those not named after humans. Thus, ornithological knowledge, decisions based thereon, heavily skewed fancy, species. This knowledge disparity feeds a cycle public interest, environmental policy, conservation, funding opportunities scientific narratives, shrouding potentially important information proverbial plumage drab, distant, disregarded unintended consequences biologists’ may exacerbate organismal inequalities amid biodiversity declines limit inquiry.

Язык: Английский

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Priorities for research and action to prevent a New World vulture crisis

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 270, С. 109563 - 109563

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2022

Proactive approaches are typically more cost-effective than reactive ones, and this is clearly the case for biodiversity conservation. Research conservation actions Old World vultures followed large population declines, particularly in Asia Africa. These clear examples of intensive management. We here contend that there signs a potential upcoming continental vulture crisis New World. Word share many threats have decimated their counterparts, such as toxicosis from poisoning lead. At same time, we show quantitative data on key demographic action aspects largely lacking vultures, those restricted to Neotropics. This knowledge gap prevents us quantifying turn, design effective management mitigate prevent further declines. Essentially, if current gaps not filled rapidly, will miss opportunity apply proactive propose set Americas.

Язык: Английский

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